Native Americans and Dance Research Paper

Wounded Knee Massacre really caused by the Ghost Dance Religion?

The Massacre termed as the Wounded Knee happened in 1890 was referred to have taken place by the army of the U.S. It was a terrific event that was really challenged by the American community, the Natives. It was popularly called as the last conflict of Indians with the Americans. During the year end, there came a full stop to all the conflicts between U.S. government and the armed Indians by the U.S. Army-Seventh Cavalry. (www.eyewitnesstohistory.com)

People who practice the Ghost Dance went to a spot named Pine Ridge located in southwestern Dakota in order to defend themselves. This happened on a cold forenoon on December 29 (Dewing P.35). The Miniconjou Sioux (Lakota) tribe people tried to escape the arrest by fleeing to the south rugged terrains that are located at the Badlands. They were led by the Chief Namely Big Foot and by another head, the Hunkpapa Sioux (Lakota). They were the followers of the interesting leader named as the Sitting Bull and who was killed more recently. (www.eyewitnesstohistory.com). Near the hurt Knee Creek banks (Cankpeopiwakpala), there were 300 men, young kids, and women were killed in a brutal manner by the U.S. army. It still evokes the thoughts of the American Natives and their supporters. Despite the demolition of the heritage of Lakota, it even exists today although the belief in the Ghost Dance had come to an end.

The U.S. army has killed around 300 people of the natives just because to ensure that the war should not begin again. The massacre was really an injustice to the people of America (natives) by showing the power of the U.S. army.

History (The ghost dance)

In 1888, Wovoka, one of the holy mans from Nevada cleared the American west through a phenomenon. Paiute tribe had introduced the Ghost dance in an area which is now called as the Nevada. Though the dance ritual was started in the years of 1870s, when Paiute named it as 'Wovoka', it gained its popularity not only among their own people but also among others as well. Wovoka was believed to be sent as a self-proclaimed prophet for salvation among the Native Americans. On January 1, 1889, he had a dream in which the Natives had to leave their place and has to reach the sky. His dream was like the earth has destroyed all the whites in supporting the way of life of the Natives. But this dream cannot happen in a day and it needs a series of events (Knoedl, 2016).

One of the child's of the Tavibo, the Wovoka, has drawn the teachings of his father and his own dream on a solar eclipse day. The well-known Ghost promenade religion was actually the dispersal of the "gospel" by him. He has also added that the earth would perish soon and the inheritors of the earth are the Indians in an extraordinary state with an external existence. The Indians to profit from the new truth has to lead a harmonious and a frank life with the habits of the white people, such as the adapting the destroying alcoholic beverages. As Wovoka believed that the dead would revive soon and therefore we need not perform any mourning and such acts during death was highly discouraged. Then he also believed that they would come as the members of the paradise, enjoying the greenish lawn, buffalo herds, and along with the ancestors of India s. A Lakota person from Miniconjou named Kicking accept went on a pilgrimage to identify and know more about this new "religion" identified at Nevada. In the late 1880s, when the Indians suffered much and when there was a need for hope among the Native Americans, the spiritual movement called the Ghost dance (Natdia) came into existence. The announcement regarding the Indian salvation atarted with in an Indian named Wovoka. In the 1870s, the Ghost dance began in the Great Basins that are located at the western side and from the thoughts of Wodziwob (Gray Hair) and it concerned about the renewal process of earth and reintroducing the spirits of Numu (Northern Paiute), the ancient people. The Natdia dance itself was a central element to the religion which was induced as a continuous dancing that follows circular movements in religious ecstasy.

Process

All the Native Americans had to leave the things that they had brought from the Whites before the Ghost Dance starts and it lasts for five days continuously. Things such as the clothes imitating the whites, or their rifles, or the language they use, etc. that the 'white' practice must not be used during the Ghost Dance. This was almost like practicing or avoiding the mannerisms of the Whites to thrive the habits of the Native Americans. Participants would even get time during the event to renew their spirits with meditations and they can speak to the spirits. They also had an open prayer, feasting and holy purifications by water and also a list of correlated actions.

Every night, the Native Americans dance around a fire in a circular pattern and the ceremony ends with that. They dance until sunrise on the last day of the event and all the participants take bathe in a river at the sunrise.…