Study Document
Chinese, Gold Rush the 1848 Term Paper
Pages:5 (1856 words)
Sources:7
Document Type:Term Paper
Document:#39531965
S. State Department that a new Sino-American treaty be drafted. In January 1887, negotiations began as American politicians were readying for the 1888 presidential election campaign. The U.S. originally wanted Chinese immigration suspended for 30 years, as well as a prohibition of all certified Chinese residents returning to America after visiting China. The Chinese agreed to suspend new emigration for 20 years and to forbid the return of Chinese-American laborers who visited China, unless they held property or financial claims or had family in the U.S. The Chinese government asked the U.S. government to provide better protection of resident Chinese and indemnities in cases of future outbreaks of anti-Chinese violence. Although negotiations were difficult, they finally had an agreement in March of 1888. The Bayard-Zhang Treaty prohibited Chinese immigration or the return of Chinese laborers to the U.S. For 20 years, unless the laborers had assets worth at least $1,000 or immediate family living in America. The U.S. government also agreed to protect Chinese people and property in America (Wunder, 1983)
Congress passed the Scott Act, signed by President Cleveland on October 1, 1888. This permanently banned the immigration or return of Chinese laborers to the United States and ended the exit visa process. Mass demonstrations in California celebrated the new law. About 20,000 Chinese, who had left the U.S. temporarily for China, were refused reentry. The Supreme Court upheld the Scott Act. Thus, despite the fact that the Chinese had worked hard and labored for many others when they were in the U.S., they were not acceptable to the prejudiced U.S. citizenship and had to leave.
References
Borthwick, J.D., 1857 Three Years in California. London, Edward Blackwood and Sons.
Espiritu, Y.L. 1997. Asian-American Women and Men: Labor, Laws and Love. Rowman and Littlefield, Lanham, MD
Fessler, L.W. 1983, Chinese in America: Stereotyped Past, Changing Present, Vantage Press, New York, New York.
McClain, C. 1994, in Search of Equality: The Chinese Struggle Against Discrimination in Nineteenth-Century America California Press, Berkeley, CA.
Peterson, R.H. "Gold! The Rush for California's Riches." Wild West Vol. 10, no.4, 50-55.
Quaife, M.M. 1949, Pictures of Gold Rush California, Chicago,…
Sample Source(s) Used
References
Borthwick, J.D., 1857 Three Years in California. London, Edward Blackwood and Sons.
Espiritu, Y.L. 1997. Asian-American Women and Men: Labor, Laws and Love. Rowman and Littlefield, Lanham, MD
Fessler, L.W. 1983, Chinese in America: Stereotyped Past, Changing Present, Vantage Press, New York, New York.
McClain, C. 1994, in Search of Equality: The Chinese Struggle Against Discrimination in Nineteenth-Century America California Press, Berkeley, CA.
Related Documents
Study Document
Gold Rush the History of
Ah Toy is representative for the way in which immigrants and in her own case the Chinese were treated by the state authorities and the judicial system in particular. It was common practice the discriminatory attitude of the judicial system towards the Chinese immigrants given the fact that, on the one hand the legislature considered the immigrant population to be a threat to the well being of the Americans, and
Study Document
Mexican Californians After 1848 the
In this sense, the structure of the society changed as well. More and more Mexicans became part of the American culture and contributed to its definition. The Mexican family played a major role in creating the sense of multiculturalism inside the society. Unlike the traditional way of life of the American family the Mexican family was quite different. In this sense, "Mexican residents were given one year to move
Study Document
Migration Chinese Migration to the
America eventually discovered that the tongs were a very organized criminal organization that held a tyrannical hold over the Chinese population. Despite a once-conspicuous presence in the Western United States, little is known demographically about the Chinese in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century in the United States. The widely accepted model of a declining male "sojourner society," beset by draconian restrictions on immigration and the impossibility of family
Study Document
Ghost Towns
colorful period in America's remarkable early history is the gold rush era. In the late 1800's the discovery of gold triggered a flood of immigrants into the country, all intent on making their fortune. These miners shaped the early history of America, and created a great deal of the legend that surrounds the era of the "Wild West." While some of the legends of lawlessness and debauchery are clearly
Study Document
Mountain Mining
Mountain Mining Mining is the process by which minerals of various different kinds are taken out of the earth. As a general practice, a hole is dug into the ground, from where the minerals are harvested. These may be metals like gold or silver or copper, or they may be coal and salt and other like minerals, and they can be diamonds and other precious stones as well. It must be
Study Document
Development of Southern California
Southern California Frederick Jackson Turner is perhaps most well-known for his famous essay, "The Significance of the Frontier on American History." In this essay, Turner defines and supports his thesis that the history of the American West is the history of America. This theory directly correlates to the concept of Manifest Destiny put forth by Monroe in which the push westward and the subsequent development, it was believed, was man's