Value Essays (Examples)
Study Document
Online Auctions For Fund Raising By Non Profit Organizations
A Systematic Review of Online Auctions for Fund Raising by Non-Profit Organizations
Background
Its origin dating back to Babylon in 500 BC auctions account as one of the oldest forms of price determination mechanism in the markets. Auction is negotiation protocols that entail simultaneous bidding with the price determined bidders and products or services allocated based on competition amongst potential buyers (McAfee, 2017).
Classifications of Auctions
There are four major classifications of auctions formats in the market based on the information asymmetry and the flow of prices. The auction types include English Auction, Dutch Auctions, sealed-bid first-price auctions, and Vickrey auctions (Klemperer, 2004).
English and Dutch auctions are both open auctions implying that they are orally implemented but entail distinguishing value setting features. According to Klemperer (2004), an English Auction also known as the oral ascending auction or first-price auction entails an ascending sequential price strategy where the auctioneer sets a……
References
References
Cachon, G. P., Daniels, K., & Lobel, R. (2015). The Role of Surge Pricing on a Service Platform with Self-Scheduling Capacity. https://ssrn.com/abstract=2698192
Connelly, A., & Winter, M. (2003). Going...Going...Gone!: Successful Auctions for Non-Profit Institutions (Second). Target Funding Group, Inc. All.
Fasli, M., Co, C., & Co, C. (2014). Designing and Implementing E-market Games. Designing and Implementing e-Market Games. January 2005.
Forbes Magazine. (2019). The 100 Largest U.S. Charities. Forbes Magazine. https://doi.org/10.1007/springerreference_75918
Hasker, K., & Sickles, R. (2010). eBay in the Economic Literature: Analysis of an Auction Marketplace. Review of Industrial Organization, 37(1), 3–42. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11151-010-9257-5
Kingston, K. (2015). A Higher Bid: How to Transform Special Event with Strategic Benefit Auctions. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey.
Klemperer, P. (2004). Auctions: Theory and Practice. In Princeton University Press. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781839107429.00004
McAfee, P. (2017). The Ideal Auction - Numberphile. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4kWuxfVbIaU
Study Document
Foxtrot Phone Scandal
Foxtrot Phone Scandal - Case Study
Ethical dilemmas and issues are common in different areas in public and private sectors. These dilemmas and issues are attributable to the emergence of different situations in the work setting. Therefore, addressing these issues is critical toward promoting a suitable work environment and interactions with others. Cooper (2012) states that a decision making model is essential in addressing ethical issues as it helps in moving from a problem to developing a course of action to resolve the issue. An example of an ethical dilemma or issue relates to Foxtrot Phone Scandal. Foxtrot Company comprises nearly one hundred cadets from all four classes in the United States Coast Guard Academy. The company is one of the eight firms that constitute the Corps of Cadets. Cadets in this class at the academy are committed to the values of honor and dedication to duty. The ethical dilemma……
References
References
Cooper, T.L. (2012). The responsible administrator: An approach to ethics for the administrative role (6th ed.). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
European Ombudsman. (2012, November 15). Ensuring Ethics in Public Administration: The Role of the Ombudsman. Retrieved June 7, 2020, from https://www.ombudsman.europa.eu/en/speech/en/49379
Kapstein, M. (2015). The Battle for Business Ethics: A Struggle Theory. Journal of Business Ethics, 144, 343-361.
Ondrova, D. (2017). Challenges of Modern Public Administration and Ethical Decision-Making. RAP, 3, 255-279.
Singh, A.K. & Mishra, N.K. (2018). Ethical Theory & Business – A Study Based on Utilitarianism and Kantianism. International Journal of Humanities and Social Development Research, 2(1), 97-113.
Stein, C. (2019, January 25). Ethical Considerations in Public Administration. PA Times. Retrieved June 7, 2020, from https://patimes.org/ethical-considerations-in-public-administration/
Study Document
Competitive Advantage And Operations Management
Operations Management 3
Purchasing
a. The product available for purchase is a pair of Chanel shoes. There are a number of things that I would take into consideration. Buying behavior is strongly related to whether the purchase is a high-involvement purchase or a low-involvement purchase. A high involvement purchase would involve significantly more time and research than might be the case for a low involvement purchase. Therefore, the amount of research, consideration and time that one would take for this pair of shoes will be dependent on whether the consumer views this purchase as high involvement or low involvement. As Deshmukh and Das (2012) note, social class can be a determinant of consumer behavior, and a pair of Chanel shoes is definitely one of those products. For some, this is a low involvement purchase and for others a high involvement one.
For me, this purchase fits a bit in the……
References
References
Deshmukh, G. & Das, R. (2012) Consumer buying behaviour for high involvement products. Asian Journal of Management. Vol. 3 (3) 153-157.
Halton, C. (2019) Credence good. Investopedia. Retrieved March 26, 2020 from https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/credence-good.asp
Interbrand (2019) Best global brands. Interbrand Retrieved March 26, 2020 from https://www.interbrand.com/best-brands/best-global-brands/2019/ranking/
QSR (2017) The QSR Top 50. QSR Magazine. Retrieved March 26, 2020 from https://www.qsrmagazine.com/content/qsr-50
QuickMBA (2010) The value chain. QuickMBA.com. Retrieved March 26, 2020 from http://www.quickmba.com/strategy/value-chain/
Zhang, B. (2018) The 10 best airlines to fly in North America. Business Insider. Retrieved March 26, 2020 from https://www.businessinsider.com/best-airlines-in-north-america-for-2018-skytrax-2018-10
Study Document
Nike S Colin Kaepernick Ad Campaign
Nike
Executive Summary
Nike’s decision to tap into “woke culture” and turn the out of work former NFL quarter Colin Kaepernick into a brand ambassador has been a controversial one since the sportswear company launched its Colin ad campaign in 2018. This paper discusses the strategic issue underlying Nike’s controversial campaign and shows how it was intended to leverage “woke culture” and gain competitive advantage in an industry that had largely stayed quiet on socio-political issues. This paper provides an external analysis, internal analysis, and financial analysis before addressing the strategic issue. Alternatives are also discussed along with a recommendation and an implementation plan. Before beginning, background information on Nike is provided here below.
Company Vision/Mission
Nike’s Vision is to “to bring inspiration and innovation to every athlete in the world.” Its mission is to create “groundbreaking sport innovations, by making our products more sustainably, by building a creative and diverse global……
References
References
About Nike. (2020). Retrieved from https://about.nike.com/
Bartash, J. (2020). Apple’s Covid-19 warning. Retrieved from https://www.marketwatch.com/story/how-much-will-covid-19-hurt-the-us-economy-its-anyones-guess-right-now-2020-02-12
Delventhal, S. (2019). Nike facing challenging dynamics. Retrieved from https://www.investopedia.com/news/nike-facing-challenging-dynamics-goldman-sachs/
Freberg, K., Graham, K., McGaughey, K., & Freberg, L. A. (2011). Who are the social media influencers? A study of public perceptions of personality. Public Relations Review, 37(1), 90-92.
Neikirk, T. (2019). Nike sales are again way up. Retrieved from https://hillreporter.com/nike-sales-are-again-way-up-following-conservative-boycott-40033
Nusser, S., Mahle, I., & Pätzmann, J. U. (2015). How Social Commerce Communication can support Brand Loyalty: An Analysis of Nike‘s Efforts in Facebook Community Management. Markenbrand, (4/2015), 48-57.
Oyedele, A. (2018). Nike surges. Retrieved from https://markets.businessinsider.com/news/stocks/nike-earnings-q4-2018-2018-6-1027328545
Storey, G. (2019). Nike and the importance of meaningful brand values. Retrieved from https://polpeo.com/nike-and-the-importance-of-meaningful-brand-values/
Study Document
Marketing Strategy Creation For OPG
Marketing Driven Strategy
In a market driven strategy the customer is the focal point, which means that everything the bar and grill does should be oriented towards benefiting the customer in some way. To know what OPG can do to benefit the customer, it has to determine its distinctive capabilities. These would be the strengths it possesses as identified in its SWOT analysis. It would also include opportunities identified in the same analysis. Then comes the step of matching customer value with the bar and grill’s capabilities and to ask whether leveraging the pub’s resources would help to create customer value. If there is a match and the pub can do it, the steps should lead to superior performance and a successful marketing driven strategy.
Positioning is key to this process and as Trout and Rivkin (2006) argue, a company must differentiate or die, which is what OPG aims to……
References
References
Dhar, V., & Chang, E. A. (2009). Does chatter matter? The impact of user-generated content on music sales. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 23(4), 300-307.
Lim, X. J., Radzol, A. M., Cheah, J. H., & Wong, M. W. (2017). The impact of social media influencers on purchase intention and the mediation effect of customer attitude. Asian Journal of Business Research, 7(2), 19-36.
Lin, C. F. (2002). Segmenting customer brand preference: demographic or psychographic. Journal of Product & Brand Management, 11(4), 249-268.
Trout, J. & Rivkin, S., (2006). Differentiate or die. In The marketing Gurus (ed. Murray). NY: Penguin.
Study Document
How Amazon Hedges Its Forex Risk
Abstract
Amazon operates in 58 countries, and while its international operations tend to be offsetting in terms of costs and revenues, there still foreign currency profits that end up being translated back to Amazon’s financial statements. This creates translational risk for the company. The operating offsets mean that Amazon doesn’t need to utilize hedging strategies, but tactics like offsetting costs and revenues, and diversification of international operations, help Amazon reduce the translational risk that it faces. This paper will examine what foreign currency exchange rate risks Amazon faces, and what tactics it undertakes to mitigate these risks on its income statement and balance sheet.
Introduction
Amazon has online retail operations in 58 countries around the world, and these are typically priced in local currency. This has implications for the company’s strategies with respect to foreign exchange risk, and foreign exchange cash flows. The use of local pricing is aided, however,……
References
References
Amazon 2019 Annual Report. Retrieved April 29, 2020 from https://s2.q4cdn.com/299287126/files/doc_financials/2020/ar/2019-Annual-Report.pdf
HowMuch.net (2019) Charting the most powerful reserve currencies in the world. HowMuch.net. Retrieved April 29, 2020 from https://howmuch.net/articles/worlds-top-reserve-currencies-2019
Mehta, N., Detroja, P. & Agashe, A. (2018) Amazon changes prices on its products about every 10 minutes – here’s how and why they do it. Business Insider. Retrieved April 29, 2020 from https://www.businessinsider.com/amazon-price-changes-2018-8
Reiff, N. (2020) Hedge. Investopedia. Retrieved April 29, 2020 from https://www.investopedia.com/terms/h/hedge.asp
Roamy (2019) The consequences of Amazon’s pricing power. Medium.com. Retrieved April 29, 2020 from https://medium.com/goods-services/https-medium-com-goods-services-amazons-pricing-power-797e28b63fbd
Statista (2019) Annual net sales of Amazon in selected leading markets from 2014 to 2019. Statista. Retrieved April 29, 2020 from https://www.statista.com/statistics/672782/net-sales-of-amazon-leading-markets/
Study Document
Army Organization Analysis Equal Opportunity Program
Equal Opportunity Program
In the spirit of, and in service to the Army’s mission and vision, the Equal Opportunity Program exists “to ensure fair treatment for military personnel, family members and civilians without regard to race, color, gender, religion, age, disability or national origin,” (United States Army, 2014, p. 1). Because of the destructive power of discrimination on organizational culture, the Equal Opportunity Program ensures the fulfillment of organizational objectives via the creation of a sustainable, effective environment in which personnel flourish and contribute to departmental missions and goals. The Equal Opportunity Program includes several components, such as training, classes, materials, the establishment of a special harassment hotline, and procedures for reporting and prosecuting violations of ethical or behavioral codes related to equal opportunity comportment.
The reasons behind the Equal Opportunity Program are expressly stated on the Army’s website and include an admission and embrace of the heterogeneity of its……
References
References
“The Army Values,” (n.d.). Retrieved from: https://www.army.mil/values/
Daft, R. L. (2016). Organization Theory & Design (12th ed.). Boston, MA: Cengage Learning.
Morgan, G. (2006). Images of organization. Sage Publications, Inc
Schein, E. H. (1992). Organizational Culture and Leadership. 2nd ed. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers.
United States Army (2014). Army equal opportunity program. Retrieved from: https://www.army.mil/standto/archive_2014-03-21/
Study Document
Symbolic Frame Of Organizational Analysis Walt Disney Company
The Symbolic Frame
A novel approach to organizational behavior, Bolman & Deal’s (2013) model includes the structural, the human resources, the political, and the symbolic frames. The symbolic frame refers to the organization’s use of signs, symbols, and stories to create a brand identity and organizational culture, as well as justify its behaviors. Symbols create and propagate meaning, and encapsulate an organization’s written codes of ethics and values.
Therefore, symbols become one of the most powerful means by which to create and control organizational culture. Bolman & Deal (2013) explain the five assumptions underlying the symbolic frame. The first involves the salience of meaning. What matters most to an organization is not what happens, but what it means on a deeper symbolic level—how actions or facts are interpreted in light of the overarching stories, myths, or symbols that guide the organization and its members.
Second, the symbolic frame allows for……
References
References
“About the Walt Disney Company,” (2020). Retrieved from: https://thewaltdisneycompany.com/about/
Boguszewicz-Kreft, M., Kreft, J. & Zurek, P. (2019). Myth and storytelling: The case of the Walt Disney Company. Myth in Modern Media Management and Marketing. DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-9100-9.ch002
Bohas, A. (2014). Transnational firms and the knowledge structure: The case of the Walt Disney Company. Global Society 29(1): 23-41.
Bolman, L.G. & Deal, T.E. (2013). Reframing organizations. John Wiley & Sons.
Di Giovanni, E. (2014). Cultural otherness and global communication in Walt Disney films at the turn of the century. The Translator 9(2): 207-223.
Forbes, W. & Watson, R. (n.d.). Destructive corporate leadership and board loyalty bias. Retrieved from: https://www.city.ac.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0005/56372/2A_Forbes.pdf
Wasko, J. (2001). Challenging Disney myths. Journal of Communication Inquiry 23(3): 237-257.
Study Document
C Suite Executive Leadership And Ethics
Beliefs, Practices, Challenges
Persons in positions of leadership inevitably encounter major ethical dilemmas and in fact make ethical decisions on a daily basis. Interviews with senior executives can reveal the complexities of ethical decision making at the executive level, as personal morals frequently disconnect from the ethical culture governing the organization or the industry’s regulatory climate (Bailey & Shantz, 2018). Bandwagon fallacies—the sense that because something is normative it is ethical—predominate in the workplace. An interview with C. Linden (name altered to protect the individual’s privacy) shows how personal ethical beliefs clash with the prevailing norms and values in the field. Employee diversity adds to the complications involved in executive ethical decision-making, according to Linden. The predominant ethical challenges usually relate to balancing two equally compelling ethical objectives, or weighing the pros and cons of a decision when there are no clear black-and-white resolutions. No genuine dilemma has a straightforward……
References
References
Bailey, C. & Shantz, A. (2018). Creating an ethically strong organization. MIT Sloan Management Review. http://ilp.mit.edu/media/news_articles/smr/2018/60101.pdf
Crossan, M., Mazutis, D. & Seijts, G. (2013). In search of virtue. Journal of Business Ethics 113(4): 567-581.
Hatcher, T. (2008). The value of values in the C-suite. In Sims, R.R. & Quatro, S.A. (Eds.) Executive Ethics. Charlotte: IAP, pp. 97-122.
Hoekstra, E., Bell, A. & Peterson, S.R. (2008). Humility in Leadership: Abandoning the Pursuit of Unattainable Perfection. In S.A. Quatro & R. R. Sims (Eds.), Executive Ethics: Ethical Dilemmas and Challenges for the C-Suite. Greenwich, CT: Information Age Publishing, pp. 79-96.
MacDougall, A.E., Bagdarasov, Z. & Buckley, M.R. (2008). Applying a primary risk management model to the C-suite. In Sims, R.R. & Quatro, S.A. (Eds.) Executive Ethics. Second Edition. Charlotte: IAP, pp. 211-234.
Martin, R. (2011). The CEO\\\\'s ethical dilemma in the era of earnings management. Strategy & Leadership 39(6): 43-47.
Schwartz, M.S. (2013). Developing and sustaining an ethical corporate culture: The core elements. Business Horizons 56(1): 39-50.
Study Document
Hypothesis Testing
-Provide an example of a hypothesis where a one-tailed hypothesis
test would be used.
An example of a one-tailed test is testing the claim that the mean score of the gender male is higher than the scores of the gender female in public institutions.
-Provide an example of a hypothesis where a two-tailed hypothesis
test would be used.
An example in this case is testing the claim that the mean scores between the gender male and the female are different in public high schools in the United States.
-If a researcher has set alpha at 0.05 for a two-tailed hypothesis test,
what is the p-value required to reject the null hypothesis?
The null hypothesis is rejected when the p-value is less than or equal to 0.05
-A researcher has set alpha at 0.05. When the researcher analyzes the
data from the experiment using a software program, she obtains a p-……
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