Tax Essays (Examples)
Study Document
Deregulation Under The Trump Administration And Its Impact On The
… sector, and so one must see what these outcomes are over time.
Disclosure of Donors’ Names
Under the Trump Administration’s deregulation policy, certain tax-exempt organizations—those described in section 501(c), excluding those described in 501(c)(3) and section 527 organizations—are no longer required to file personally identifiable details of … excluding those described in 501(c)(3) and section 527 organizations—are no longer required to file personally identifiable details of their contributors in their annual tax returns (Brookings Institute, 2020). This means that donors can stay anonymous and organizations do not have to disclose who is giving financial support … organizations, which can receive unlimited donations from individuals, corporations and unions. Now these nonprofits no longer have to disclose those identities in their tax filings—but they still have to maintain them in their records and provide them if requested. This means that big donors can collaborate more ……
References
References
Belton, K. & Graham, J. (2019). Trump’s Deregulatory Record: An Assessment at the Two-Year Mark. Retrieved from http://accf.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/ACCF-Report_Trump-Deregulatory-Record-FINAL.pdf
Benson, M. L., Stadler, W. A., & Pontell, H. N. (2019). Harming America: Corporate Crime in a Context of Deregulation. Victims & Offenders, 14(8), 1063-1083.
Brookings Institute. (2020). Tracking deregulation in the Trump era. Retrieved from https://www.brookings.edu/interactives/tracking-deregulation-in-the-trump-era/
Morrow, D. (2017). Deregulation in the Trump Administration will likely impact nonprofits. Retrieved from http://blog.abila.com/deregulation-trump-administration-impacting-nonprofits/
Weaver, H. L. (2018). One for the price of two: the hidden costs of regulatory reform under executive order 13,771. Administrative Law Review, 70(2), 491-512.
Study Document
Shareholder Vs Stakeholder Theory
...Tax Introduction
Milton Friedman’s quote gets to the heart of the conflict between shareholder theory vs. stakeholder theory. Shareholder theory posits that a corporation’s sole responsibility is to maximize the return on investment (ROI) for shareholders. Stakeholder theory posits, on the other hand, that a company owes a duty to all stakeholders (not just shareholders)—members of the community, workers, consumers; in short, anyone who is part of or who is impacted in some way by the company. The question is: Do corporations exist only to serve the interests of shareholders or do they also have a responsibility to serve stakeholders as well? This paper will answer that question by looking at the nature and essence of business social responsibility from the standpoint of the four major sources of ethical values in business: Law, Culture, Philosophy, and Religion. It will show that in today’s business environment, stakeholder theory needs to be pursued……
References
References
Augustine. (n.d.). Commentaries on Sermon on the Mount. http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/16011.htm
Chen, J. (2019). Market Milestones as the Bull Market Turns 10. Retrieved from https://www.investopedia.com/market-milestones-as-the-bull-market-turns-10-4588903
Egan, M. (2018). Tax cut triggers $437 billion explosion of stock buybacks. Retrieved from https://money.cnn.com/2018/07/10/investing/stock-buybacks-record-tax-cuts/index.html " target="_blank" REL="NOFOLLOW">
Study Document
Online Auctions For Fund Raising By Non Profit Organizations
...Tax A Systematic Review of Online Auctions for Fund Raising by Non-Profit Organizations
Background
Its origin dating back to Babylon in 500 BC auctions account as one of the oldest forms of price determination mechanism in the markets. Auction is negotiation protocols that entail simultaneous bidding with the price determined bidders and products or services allocated based on competition amongst potential buyers (McAfee, 2017).
Classifications of Auctions
There are four major classifications of auctions formats in the market based on the information asymmetry and the flow of prices. The auction types include English Auction, Dutch Auctions, sealed-bid first-price auctions, and Vickrey auctions (Klemperer, 2004).
English and Dutch auctions are both open auctions implying that they are orally implemented but entail distinguishing value setting features. According to Klemperer (2004), an English Auction also known as the oral ascending auction or first-price auction entails an ascending sequential price strategy where the auctioneer sets a……
References
References
Cachon, G. P., Daniels, K., & Lobel, R. (2015). The Role of Surge Pricing on a Service Platform with Self-Scheduling Capacity. https://ssrn.com/abstract=2698192
Connelly, A., & Winter, M. (2003). Going...Going...Gone!: Successful Auctions for Non-Profit Institutions (Second). Target Funding Group, Inc. All.
Fasli, M., Co, C., & Co, C. (2014). Designing and Implementing E-market Games. Designing and Implementing e-Market Games. January 2005.
Forbes Magazine. (2019). The 100 Largest U.S. Charities. Forbes Magazine. https://doi.org/10.1007/springerreference_75918
Hasker, K., & Sickles, R. (2010). eBay in the Economic Literature: Analysis of an Auction Marketplace. Review of Industrial Organization, 37(1), 3–42. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11151-010-9257-5
Kingston, K. (2015). A Higher Bid: How to Transform Special Event with Strategic Benefit Auctions. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey.
Klemperer, P. (2004). Auctions: Theory and Practice. In Princeton University Press. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781839107429.00004
McAfee, P. (2017). The Ideal Auction - Numberphile. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4kWuxfVbIaU
Study Document
What Is Public Administration Today
… there can be a great deal of stalling and what appears to be inaction.
The disadvantages of public administration are that it requires taxation in order to have any revenue to fund its projects. That means the people must pay for its existence and they must pay … does not believe in and does not want to continue to see operating. That sentiment in turn can lead to a drop-off in taxes as people find ways to skirt paying them, which can dry up the revenue streams and cause the public administration to become even … the federal government. Therefore, a local jurisdiction may reject the idea of implementing Common Core standards in its schools and rely upon local tax dollars for funding of the school if it thinks it can afford to do so and it is the will of the local ……
References
References
Cann, S. (2007). The Administrative State, the Exercise of Discretion, and the Constitution. Public Administration Review, 67(4), 780–782.
EPA. (2015). Administrative discretion. Retrieved from https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2015-11/documents/administrative_discretion_nonotesclean.pdf
Reyes, P., & Pounder, D. G. (1993). Organizational orientation in public and private elementary schools. The Journal of Educational Research, 87(2), 86-93.
Reyes, D. R. (1998). Public sector reengineering: Practice, problems and prospects.
Rinaldi, M., Montanari, R., & Bottani, E. (2015). Improving the efficiency of public
administrations through business process reengineering and simulation: A case study. Business Process Management Journal, 21(2), 419-462.
Rubenstein, D. S. (2015). Administrative Federalism as Separation of Powers. Wash. & Lee L. Rev., 72, 171.
Savoie, D. J. (2006). What is wrong with the new public management?. In Comparative Public Administration (pp. 593-602). Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
Study Document
Single Payer Or Universal Health Care
...Tax In Favor of Single Payer Health Care
The American health care system is broken. On this much, almost everybody can agree. Costs are spiralling out of control, health outcomes are among the worst of all developed countries, and nobody can agree on what will make it better. One of the reasons for this disagreement is that different stakeholders fail to agree on what the purpose of the health care system should be. If the purpose is to be a for-profit industry, well, then the industry needs to be set up to earn profits. But the view taken in most parts of the world is that health care serves a greater purpose. Whether this is to provide a high standard of living for people in a country for its own sake, or because healthy populace is better for the economy, such finer points can be debated. But what cannot be debated……
References
References
Christopher, A. (2016) Single payer healthcare: Pluses, minuses, and what it means for you. Harvard Health Publishing. Retrieved April 7, 2019 from https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/single-payer-healthcare-pluses-minuses-means-201606279835
Ivers, N., Brown, A., Detsky, A. (2018) Lessons from the Canadian experience with single-payer health insurance. JAMA Internal Medicine Vol. 178 (9) 1250-1255.
PNHP (2019) About single payer. Physicians for a National Health Program. Retrieved April 7, 2019 from https://pnhp.org/what-is-single-payer/
Study Document
Staffing For Nurses In Hospitals
...Tax Proposal for mandatory staffing ratios
Introduction: Reflection
Public Policy Issue
This policy will mandate that mandatory staffing ratios be met by hospitals throughout the nation. This is an important public policy issue because it would oblige hospitals that are part of the Medicare program to create a committee that is partly made of nurses who can discuss the issue of staffing. As Fowler and Comeaux (2017) point out, staffing is still a major challenge for nurses. If there are too few nurses on staff it can lead to nurse burnout. The right ratio of nurses to patients is required to prevent nurses from being overburdened (Martin, 2015). The reason I selected this policy is because it is clearly important to nurses’ own health and ability to do their jobs. It can also play a part in preventing turnover rates from going too high (Laschinger & Fida, 2015). Therefore, this is……
References
References
ANA. (2019). Nurse staffing. Retrieved from https://www.nursingworld.org/practice-policy/advocacy/state/nurse-staffing/
Dousay, T., Childers, B., Cole, M., Hill, T., & Rogers, C. (2016). Lower Nurse-to-Patient Ratio: Higher Patient Satisfaction. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.moreheadstate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1105&context=student_scholarship_posters
Fowler, D., & Comeaux, Y. (2017). The legislative role in nurse staffing ratios. MedSurg Nursing, 26(2), 12-14.
Laschinger, H. K. S., & Fida, R. (2015). Linking nurses’ perceptions of patient care quality to job satisfaction: the role of authentic leadership and empowering professional practice environments. Journal of Nursing Administration, 45(5), 276-283.
Martin, C. J. (2015). The effects of nurse staffing on quality of care. MedSurg Nursing, 24(2), S4-S4.
Reiter, K. L., Harless, D. W., Pink, G. H., & Mark, B. A. (2012). Minimum Nurse Staffing Legislation and the Financial Performance of C alifornia Hospitals. Health Services Research, 47(3pt1), 1030-1050.
Rondeau, K. V., & Wagar, T. H. (2016). Human resource management practices and nursing turnover. Journal of Nursing Education and Practice, 6(10), 101.
Twigg, D. E., Myers, H., Duffield, C., Giles, M., & Evans, G. (2015). Is there an economic case for investing in nursing care–what does the literature tell us?. Journal of advanced nursing, 71(5), 975-990.
Study Document
Project Management Plan To Upgrade Hospital Equipment
...Tax 1. INTRODUCTION
This project plan is for a hypothetical struggling hospital in the NY Metropolitan area. The hospital is on the verge of bankruptcy but is the only pediatric hospital in the area. It also boasts of some of the most innovative researchers and physicians in the country. The walls are peeling, some of the equipment is outdated, and staff morale is low. As the consultant project manager, I intend to focus on identifying and replacing the outdated equipment, raising the required funds using appropriate strategies.
1.1 Purpose of Project Management Plan
The purpose of the Hospital Equipment Upgrade (HEU) PMP is to identify all outdated equipment in the target hospital, develop a plan of how this equipment will be replaced, and identify the source of the funds required for this purpose.
2. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY OF PROJECT CHARTER
Hospitals in the U.S. lose a total of $8.3 billion a year……
References
References
Healthcare Business. (2013, May 15). Report: Hospitals waste billions using outdated technology. Retrieved from Health Care Business Tech: http://www.healthcarebusinesstech.com/outdated-technology-wastes-money/
Lee, J. (2016, April 14). Top five risks of using outdated technology. Retrieved from Meridian: http://www.whymeridian.com/blog/top-5-risks-of-using-outdated-technology
Moran, W. J. (2019). Hospital Fundraising Best Practices. Retrieved from The Moran Company: https://morancompany.com/hospital-fundraising-best-practices/
Parand, A., Dopson, S., A. R., & Vincent, C. (2014). The role of hospital managers in quality and patient safety: a systematic review. BMJ Open.
Pohjola, T., Suhonen, M., Mattila, K., & Meretoja, R. (2016). The work done in healthcare projects . Journal of Nursing.
Ponemon Institute. (2013). The Economic and Productivity Impact of IT Security on Healthcare. Imprivata.
Study Document
Directors Remuneration And Its Impact On Share Repurchases
… these companies were not piling billions upon billions into market to fund buybacks.
In Ireland, the Companies Act 2014 (CA 2014) and the Taxes Consolidation Act 1997 (TCA 1997) describe the legal procedure for authorizing a repurchase by a company of its own shares and set the ……
References
References
Bendix, R. (1974). Inequality and social structure: a comparison of Marx and Weber. American Sociological Review, 149-161.
Chan, R., & Hoy, M. (1991). East—West joint ventures and buyback contracts. Journal of International Economics, 30(3-4), 331-343.
Choi, C. J., & Maldoom, D. (1992). A simple model of buybacks. Economics Letters, 40(1), 77-82.
Durkheim, E. (1997). The Division of Labor in Society. NY: The Free Press.
Egan, M. (2018). Tax cut triggers $437 billion explosion of stock buybacks. Retrieved from https://money.cnn.com/2018/07/10/investing/stock-buybacks-record-tax-cuts/index.html " target="_blank" REL="NOFOLLOW">
Study Document
Veteran Benefits Administration
… commitment to them; employees will feel that they are both recognized for their contribution and are part of something larger than themselves; and taxpayers will feel that we’ve met the responsibilities they’ve entrusted to us. Courage, honesty, trust, respect, open communication, and accountability will be reflected in … (Panangala, 2018). The 2018 budget request was $182 billion (Panangala, 2018). In short, external support that the VBA relies upon comes directly from taxpayers in terms of financial assistance. However, organizational assistance comes from other places, too.
For example, the VBA also relies upon the assistance and … and essential and it needs to be given more of a place of importance in the VBA’s mission. Programs like The Returning Heroes Tax Credit are helpful because they remind organizations that veterans are qualified leaders who can manage effectively. But the VBA also has to make … exist to help them. And……
References
References
Cohen, S. (2019). Disband the Veterans Administration. Retrieved from https://www.city-journal.org/veterans-administration-benefits
Faurer, J., Rogers-Brodersen, A., & Bailie, P. (2014). Managing the re-employment of military veterans through the Transition Assistance Program (TAP). Journal of Business & Economics Research (Online), 12(1), 55.
Hazle, M., Wilcox, S. L., & Hassan, A. M. (2012). Helping veterans and their families fight on!. Advances in Social Work, 13(1), 229-242.
Panangala, S. (2018). Department of Veterans Affairs FY2018 Appropriations. Retrieved from https://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R45047.pdf
U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. (2014). Retrieved from https://www.benefits.va.gov/BENEFITS/about.asp
VBA. (2019). Retrieved from https://www.benefits.va.gov/benefits/
Study Document
How Interest Rates Compare Over The Last Decade Within The United
...Tax Interest rates form the basis for valuation models around the world. They are used in almost every industry, country, and geography. Interest rates can also influence corporate and consumer behaviors. For example, depending on the inherent risk of a consumer, credit card rates determine how much an individual must pay on a month basis to the financial institution. Corporations looking to borrow funds to expand their market share must consider the variable interest rates being changed and their ability to service the debt. Even governments must be mindful of the extent of their borrowers and the corresponding impact of interest rates on their ability to services the debt. Due primarily to their importance in key elements of human civilization, interest rates are a closely watched tool by individual investors, general consumers, and corporations. Banks in particular are heavily influenced by the change in interest rates as they operate as financial……
References
References
1. Goodhard, C and E Perotti, 2008 “Maturity mismatch stretching: Banking has taken a wrong turn”, CEPR Policy Insight 81, 6-July
2. Holston, Laubach, and Williams. 2017. “Measuring the Natural Rate of Interest: International Trends and Determinants,” Journal of International Economics 108, supplement 1 (May): S39–S75
3. Laubach and Williams. 2003. “Measuring the Natural Rate of Interest,” Review of Economics and Statistics 85, no.4 (November): 1063-70.
4. Rachel, L. and Smith, T.D., 2017. Are low real interest rates here to stay?. International Journal of Central Banking, 13(3), pp.1-42.
5. Schularick, M, and A M Taylor, (2009), “Credit Booms Gone Bust: Monetary Policy, Leverage Cycles and Financial Crises, 1870-2008”, NBER DP 15512
6. Stock, J.H. and Watson, M.W., 2007. Why has US inflation become harder to forecast?. Journal of Money, Credit and banking, 39, pp.3-33
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