Public Essays (Examples)
Study Document
Role Of Descriptive Epidemiology In Nursing Science
Introduction
Public health as a field comprises the convictions, science, and skills relating to the preservation and improvement of the health of the general public through preventative endeavors instead of curative ones. One of the basic sciences that are critical to promoting public health is epidemiology. As a tool, epidemiology is useful in the protection and promotion of public health through the application of common sense as well as scientific reasoning (Stanhope & Lancaster, 2015). One of the main areas of epidemiology … and outcomes and they are measured by self-questionnaire, observation, or from linkages to already existing data.
Conclusion
Epidemiology is a foundational science in public health. It helps in the assessment of the impact of the efforts of public health stakeholders and also outlines the nature of various conditions in given populations. It is an ever-evolving field and new strategies and methods … the nature of various conditions……
References
References
Liu, L., (2018). “Chapter 1 – Introduction.” In Heart Failure: Epidemiology and Research Methods. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 1-12.
Stanhope, M., & Lancaster, J. (2015). Public health nursing-e-book: Population-centered health care in the community. Elsevier Health Sciences.
Richards, E. A., & Cai, Y. (2016). Integrative review of nurse-delivered physical activity interventions in primary care. Western Journal of Nursing Research, 38(4), 484-507.
Katzmarzyk, P. T., Lee, I. M., Martin, C. K., & Blair, S. N. (2017). Epidemiology of physical activity and exercise training in the United States. Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases, 60(1), 3-10.
Mandl, M., Halfens, R. J., & Lohrmann, C. (2015). Incontinence care in nursing homes: a cross?sectional study. Journal of advanced nursing, 71(9), 2142-2152.
Oyesanya, T. O., Bowers, B. J., Royer, H. R., & Turkstra, L. S. (2018). Nurses’ concerns about caring for patients with acute and chronic traumatic brain injury. Journal of clinical nursing, 27(7-8), 1408-1419.
Heavey, E. (2018). Statistics for nursing: A practical approach. Jones & Bartlett Learning.
Colditz, G., Nguyen, N., & Dart, H. (2016). Physical activity and health. In International Encyclopedia of Public Health (pp. 463-472). Elsevier Inc.
Study Document
Government Politics And Political Corruption Values
Introduction
Corruption weakens the strength of a democracy, undermining public trust, and leading to a downward spiral of apathy and discontent. Low voter participation itself becomes a major factor perpetuating the possibility of … likelihood of corrupt individuals maintaining their positions of power requires a multifaceted approach taking into account variables like ethical culture and political climate. Public perceptions of the reliability and accountability of government are also important factors, influenced in part by the media but also by social norms, … on transparency, openness, and trust.
Thesis Statement
Government corruption weakens a governmental legitimacy and principles of democracy. Therefore by developing effective systems of public accountability increase the pressure for more transparent local governance, in which corruption will be easier to bring to light and thus to curtail.
… consider the methods that can be used to strengthen and improve methodologies. Then, the authors focus specifically on supplier collusion……
Study Document
Obesity And Role Of Government
… in the population, obesity is now an epidemic. To address the problem of obesity in the United States, there is a need for public health officials to come up with programs and policies to address obesity. However, as of now, no significant efforts are being made to … made to address the problem. Because of how complex the problem of obesity is, it is probably going to be a very difficult public health problem to solve (Mitchell, Catenacci, Wyatt & Hill, 2012). To reduce obesity, there is a need for the government and relevant authorities … touched on obesity. The report was titled Vision for a Healthy and Fit Nation. Within the report, the Surgeon General highlighted the growing public health issue of obesity. The report also detailed the causes of obesity and its effects on society. Perhaps the most important part of ……
References
References
AAFP. (2010). Federal government takes bigger role in combating obesity. Retrieved from https://www.aafp.org/news/obesity/20100517fed-initiatives.html
Institute of Medicine. 2007. Progress in preventing childhood obesity: how do we measure up?. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/11722 .
Kumanyaki, S. K., Parker, L., & Sim, L. J. (2010). Bridging the evidence gap in obesity prevention: A framework to inform decision making. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK220174/
Mitchell, N., Catenacci, V., Wyatt, H., & Hill, J. (2011). Obesity: Overview of an epidemic. Psychiatr Clin North Am, 34(4), 717-732. DOI: 10.1016/j.psc.2011.08.005
Swinburn, B. (2008). Obesity prevention: The role of policies, laws, and regulations. Aust New Zealand Health Policy, 5(12). DOI: 10.1186/1743-8462-5-12
Study Document
Homelessness In United States Essay Outline
… significantly interrupt critical areas of life like education, psychosocial functioning, and health (Oppenheimer, Nurius & Green, 2018).
· Homelessness causes major social and public health issues/problems (Tsai, O’Toole & Kearney, 2017).
V. Interventions for Homelessness
· As human service programs, Housing First programs is an effective intervention … for more than a month throughout their lives. In 2017 about 1.5% of the American population experienced homelessness. Homelessness puts a strain on public health as it increases the demand and need for primary healthcare services. The authors concluded that a multifaceted approach is needed to deal … Lifetime and 1-year Prevalence of Homelessness in the U.S. Population: Results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions-111, Journal of Public Health 40(1), 65-78, https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdx034
The research indicate that homelessness have become a public health problem Though there a few recent epidemiological studies. The researchers utilize data from structured interviews……
References
Bibiligraphy
Dreyer, B.P. (2018), A Shelter is not a Home: The Crisis of Family Homelessness in the United States, Pediatrics, 142(5) 1-3, httpps://doi.org10.1542/peds.2018-2695 Ly, A. & Latimer, E., (2015), Housing First Impact on Cost and Associated Cost Offsets A review of literature, Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 60(11) 475-487, doi: 10.1177/070674371506001103
Mabhala, M.A., Yohannes, A. & , Griffith, M. (2017), Social Conditions of Becoming Homelessness, Qualitative Analysis of Life Stories of Homelessness People, International Journal for Equity in Health, 16(150), Doi:10.1186/s12939-017-0646-3
Morton et al, (2017), Prevalence and Correlates of Youth Homelessness in the United States, Journal of Adolescent Health, 62, 14-21 Doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2017.10.006
Oppenheimer, S.C., Nurius, P.S. & Green, S. (2018) Homeless History Impact on Health Outcome and Economics and Risk Behaviors Intermediaries: New Insight from Population Data, Families in Society, 97(3), 230-242, Doi:10.1606/1044-3894.2016.97.21
Tsai, J., O’Toole, T. & Kearney, L. K. (2017), Homelessness as a Public Mental Health and Social Problem, New Knowledge and Solution, Psychological Services, 14(2), 113-117, http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/ser0000164
Tsai, J. (2018), Lifetime and 1-year Prevalence of Homelessness in the U.S. Population: Results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions-111, Journal of Public Health 40(1), 65-78, https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdx034
Yousey, A. & Samundra, R. (2018) Defining Homelessness in the Rural United States, Online Journal of Rural Research & Policy, 13(4), http://doi.org/10.4148/1936-0487.1094
Weisz, C. & Quinn, D.M. (2017), Stigmatized and identities Psychological Distress and Physical Health, Intersection of homelessness and Race, Stigma and Health 1-6, http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/sah0000093
Study Document
Fero Beauty
… jeans, and blouses.
In this section of the marketing plan, I will share the company’s pricing and distribution strategy, integrated marketing communications plan, public relations, sales promotion, and personal selling plan, competitive analysis, online and direct marketing plan, and social responsibility/cause-related marketing plan.
Pricing and Distribution Strategy
……
References
References
Al-Hadban, N., Hadeel, A. G., Al-Hassoun, T., & Hamdi, R. (2014). The Effectiveness of Facebook as a Marketing Tool (Saudi Arabia case study). International Journal of Management & Information Technology, 10(2), 1815-1827.
Andrews, J. C., & Shimp, T. A. (2017). Advertising, promotion, and other aspects of integrated marketing communications. Nelson Education.
Deepa, S., & Chitramani, P. (2015). CSR in retailing industry-a case of three retail stores. International Journal of Business and Administration Research Review, 3(9), 128.
Gould, M. (n.d). Pricing Strategies. Research Starters: Academic Topic Overviews.
Khan, S. (2018). Instagram as a marketing tool for luxury brand. International Journal of Management, Business, and Research, 8(2), 126.
Kotler, P., Armstrong, G., Ang, S. H., Leong, S. M., Tan, C. T., & Yau, O. (2009). Principles of marketing: A global perspective. Prentice-Hall.
Palma, A. P. (2016). Effectiveness of Facebook as a free marketing tool. University of Mindanao International Multidisciplinary Research Journal, 1(2), 21-26.
Smith, P. R., & Taylor, J. (2004). Marketing communications: an integrated approach. Kogan Page Publishers.
Study Document
Foxtrot Phone Scandal
Foxtrot Phone Scandal - Case Study
Ethical dilemmas and issues are common in different areas in public and private sectors. These dilemmas and issues are attributable to the emergence of different situations in the work setting. Therefore, addressing these issues ……
References
References
Cooper, T.L. (2012). The responsible administrator: An approach to ethics for the administrative role (6th ed.). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
European Ombudsman. (2012, November 15). Ensuring Ethics in Public Administration: The Role of the Ombudsman. Retrieved June 7, 2020, from https://www.ombudsman.europa.eu/en/speech/en/49379
Kapstein, M. (2015). The Battle for Business Ethics: A Struggle Theory. Journal of Business Ethics, 144, 343-361.
Ondrova, D. (2017). Challenges of Modern Public Administration and Ethical Decision-Making. RAP, 3, 255-279.
Singh, A.K. & Mishra, N.K. (2018). Ethical Theory & Business – A Study Based on Utilitarianism and Kantianism. International Journal of Humanities and Social Development Research, 2(1), 97-113.
Stein, C. (2019, January 25). Ethical Considerations in Public Administration. PA Times. Retrieved June 7, 2020, from https://patimes.org/ethical-considerations-in-public-administration/
Study Document
Influence Of Political Interests Groups On The Educational Policy
Budget and Resource Allocation Influence of Political Interest Groups on the Educational Policy Making Process
Introduction
State support for public education has wavered over time as a consequence of other competing interests. This is more so the case given the competing demands of … concerns of specific stakeholders. Some of the tactics employed by the said formations on this front include, but they are not limited to, public campaigns and advocacy. Thus, common examples of interest groups include political interest groups, economic interest groups, labor interest groups, etc. Interest groups could … Interest groups could also, more specifically, be categorized on the basis of their focus on specific issues. Towards this end, we could have public-interest advocates and single-issue advocates (Anderson, 2003). While the latter could largely focus on issues that could be described as single-policy (i.e. K-12 education), …
It is important to note that as Tandberg (2009) observes,……
References
References
Abbott, I., Rathbone, M. & Whitehead, P. (2012). Education Policy. New York, NY: SAGE.
Anderson, J.E. (2003).Public Policy-Making. Mason, OH: Cengage Learning.
Delaney, J. A., & Doyle, W. R. (2007). The role of higher education in state budgets. Journal of Education Finance, 36(4), 343-268.
Grapevine. (2016). Appropriations: State Tax Funds for Operating Expenses of Higher Education, 1983-1984. Retrieved from: https://education.illinoisstate.edu/grapevine/tables/
Larrabee, B. (2016). Education groups put big money into political causes. Retrieved from https://www.gainesville.com/news/20160828/education-groups-put-big-money-into-political-causes
Tandberg, D. A. (2009). Interest groups and governmental institutions: The politics of state funding of public higher education. Educational Policy, 24(5), 104-117.
Vote Smart (2020). Texas Education Special Interest Groups. Retrieved from https://votesmart.org/interest-groups/TX/27#.XrVCzsBRW00
Vote Smart (2020). Florida Education Special Interest Groups. Retrieved from https://votesmart.org/interest-groups/FL/27#.XrVKScBRW01
Study Document
Domestic Extremism And Terrorism
… is viewed as needed by both sides because communication barriers exist and prejudices are ingrained. Instead of seeing one another as enemies, a public health approach like that recommended by Wynia et al. (2016) should be adopted to raise awareness and fill the education gap. For people … that is empathetic. To combat these groups, a change in culture is needed, which can be facilitated by a three-pronged approach using a public health method, governmental collaboration, and a change in laws regarding the expression of polarizing views. Future research for scholars should focus on how……
References
References
Breger, M. L. (2017). Reforming by re-norming: How the legal system has the potential to change a toxic culture of domestic violence. J. Legis., 44, 170.
Beinart, P. (2017). The rise of the violent left. Retrieved from https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2017/09/the-rise-of-the-violent-left/534192/
Brockhoff, S., Krieger, T. & Meierrieks, D. (2014). Great expectations and hard times: the (nontrivial) impact of education on domestic terrorism. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 59(7), 1186-1215.
Brown, D. (2017). Proud boys founder. Retrieved from https://www.portlandmercury.com/blogtown/2017/12/12/19540403/proud-boys-founder-wants-to-trigger-the-entire-state-of-oregon-by-helping-patriot-prayers-joey-gibson-win-the-oregon-person-of-the-year- p
Cramer, E. P., Choi, Y. J., & Ross, A. I. (2017). Race, Culture, and Abuse of Persons with Disabilities. In Religion, Disability, and Interpersonal Violence (pp. 89-110). Springer, Cham.
Dalgaard-Nielsen, A. (2016). Countering violent extremism with governance networks. Perspectives on Terrorism, 10(6), 135-139.
DeCook, J. R. (2018). Memes and symbolic violence:# proudboys and the use of memes for propaganda and the construction of collective identity. Learning, Media and Technology, 43(4), 485-504.
Doyle, E. (Ed.). (2018). Antifa and the Radical Left. Greenhaven Publishing LLC.
Study Document
Gun Violence Among African American Community
… the disproportionate numbers of people of color in incarceration. Also, the increase in gun violence across the populace and the states has triggered public outcry for changes in the judicial system to bolster the safety of the public(Urban Institute, 2016).
System failures to address the challenge of systematic discrimination, inability to restrict guns from being accessed by deviant elements that are … is the true resolution to gun violence. Changing the social norms that encourage violence holds the key to success in these efforts. The public health approach to dealing with violence follows a similar template (Butts, Roman, Bostwick& Porter, 2015).
This paper will give an overview of a … They could help build resilience and promote healing through the use of strategies that reconstruct social relationships and links in addition to reclaiming public spaces. There is a need to conduct more studies to enhance impact control patterns, how……
References
References
Armstrong, M., & Carlson, J. (2019). Speaking of trauma: The race talk, the gun violence talk, and the racialization of gun trauma. Palgrave Communications, 5(112). https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-019-0320-z
Maxson, C. L., Hennigan, K, and D. C. Sloane. (2003). For the sake of the neighborhood? Civil gang injunctions as a gang intervention tool in Southern California. In Scott H. Decker, Ed. Policing Gangs and Youth Violence. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth/Thomson Learning
Morris, S. (2018). Mass shootings in the US: There have been 1,624 in 1,870 days. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/ng-interactive/2017/oct/02/america-mass-shootings-gun-violence
Payne, B. K. (2006). Weapon bias: split-second decisions and unintended stereotyping. Curr Directions Psychological Sci, 15(6), 287–291.
Roman, J. K. (2013).Race, justifiable homicide, and stand your ground laws: Analysis of FBI supplementary homicide report data. Retrieved from http://www.ncjrs.gov/App/publications/abstract.aspx?ID=265405
Schopper, D., Lormand, J. D.,&Waxweiler, R (eds). (2006).Developing policies to prevent injuries and violence: guidelines for policy-makers and planners. Geneva, World Health Organization.
Tate, J., Jenkins, J., Rich, S., Muyskens, J., Elliott, K., Mellnik, T., &Williams, A. (2016).How the Washington Post is examining police shootings in the United States. The Washington Post.
Tita, G. E., Troshynski, E., & Graves, M. (2007). Strategies for reducing gun violence: The role of gangs, drugs, and firearm accessibility. Research Report: National Crime Prevention Centre (NCPC). Retrieved from https://www.publicsafety.gc.ca/cnt/rsrcs/pblctns/rdcng-gn-vlnc/rdcng-gn-vlnc-eng.pdf
Study Document
Healthcare In The US Vs Healthcare In The UK France And India
… US, UK, Japan, France and India to see how they well they stack up.
Coverage
Coverage in the US is both private and public. The government provides coverage for individuals through Medicare and Medicaid if they meet an age or income threshold. France is a mix of … government provides coverage for individuals through Medicare and Medicaid if they meet an age or income threshold. France is a mix of both public and private coverage but skews mainly towards public care with a universal system recently put in place. In India, it is primarily private, with only 20% of coverage coming from the … primarily private, with only 20% of coverage coming from the government—so the opposite of in France (WHO, 2018).
In the UK, coverage is public, but individuals can pay out of pocket for private, home care. In Japan, it is the same situation with universal coverage……
References
References
Carroll, A. & Frakt, A. (2017). Best health care system. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/09/18/upshot/best-health-care-system-country-bracket.html
CMS. (2010). Annual statistics. Retrieved from https://www.cms.gov/Research-Statistics-Data-and-Systems/Statistics-Trends-and-Reports/NationalHealthExpendData/downloads/proj2008.pdf
IOM. (2010). The future of nursing. Retrieved from http://nacns.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/5-IOM-Report.pdf
Lau, J. S., Adams, S. H., Park, M. J., Boscardin, W. J., & Irwin, C. E. (2014). Improvement in preventive care of young adults after the Affordable Care Act: the Affordable Care Act is helping. JAMA pediatrics, 168(12), 1101-1106.
O’Brien, J. (2003). How nurse practitioners obtained provider status: Lessons for pharmacists. American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy, 60(22), 2301-2307.
Peter G. Peterson Foundation. (2019). US healthcare compared. Retrieved from https://www.pgpf.org/blog/2019/07/how-does-the-us-healthcare-system-compare-to-other-countrie s
Sawyer, B. & McDermott, D. (2019). Quality of care compared. Retrieved from https://www.healthsystemtracker.org/chart-collection/quality-u-s-healthcare-system-compare-countries/#item-start
WHO. (2018). Health report. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/whr/2000/media_centre/press_release/en/
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