Political Science Essays (Examples)
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Free And Fair Trade Issue
… based on various factors relating to serving the interests of the public. However, the process of making budgetary changes is sometimes characterized by political issues and partisan approaches. Policymakers or politicians differ on the measures adopted by the government or public sector organization when proposing changes in … Credit Corporation package on grounds that President Trump was seeking to use it as his personal piggy bank to provide incentives to a political potent constituency weeks before the 2020 presidential elections. On the contrary, Republicans argue that Democrats disgracefully omitted key support and relief needed by … While Congressional Republicans support the agriculture funding on the premise that it would provide necessary support and relief to American farmers, the potential political benefits from this funding also influences their decisions and position on the issue. On the other hand, Democrats seemingly acknowledge the need for ……
References
Reference
Cochrane, E. (2020, September 21). Democrats and Republicans Clash Over Spending Bill to Avoid Shutdown. The New York Times. Retrieved October 7, 2020, from https://www.nytimes.com/2020/09/21/us/politics/spending-bill-government-shutdown.html
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The Assassination Of Qassem Soleimani The Iranian General
… the world view of President Trump of International Relations is limited. He is not tactical in decision making. He sacks key military and political figures in an unorthodox fashion and thus undermines his administration's ability to deliver trusted service to the American nation and the world. The … figures in an unorthodox fashion and thus undermines his administration's ability to deliver trusted service to the American nation and the world. The political opinion polls among the important U.S. allies such as Australia , Germany, France Jordan, Japan, Mexico, the U.K. and South Korea indicate that … war front (Risen, 2020). Qassem was clearly a state agent of Iran. General Soleiman was Iran's most important envoy overseas and was Tehran's political quick fixer in the Middle East. For the first time in history, the U.S. branded a unit of another state, a terrorist group: ……
References
References
Jahanbani, N. (2020). Beyond Soleimani: Implications for Iran\\\\\\\\\\\\'s Proxy Network in Iraq and Syria. CTC Perspectives.
Vladeck, S. I. (2004). Emergency Power and the Militia Acts. Yale LJ, 114, 149.
Brands, H. (2019). Why America Can\\\\\\\\\\\\" t Quit the Middle East. Hoover Institution, 21.
Tillman, S. P. (1982). The United States in the Middle East: Interests and Obstacles (Vol. 82). Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
Terry, J. P. (1986). Countering State-Sponsored Terrorism: A Law-Policy Analysis. Naval L. Rev., 36, 159.
Maogoto, J. N. (2003). War on the enemy: self-defense and state-sponsored terrorism. Melb. J. Int\\\\\\\\\\\\'l L., 4, 406.
Lillich, R. B., & Paxman, J. M. (1976). State Responsibility for Injuries to Aliens Occasioned by Terrorist Activities. Am. U.L. Rev., 26, 217.
Parker, C. & Noack, R. (2020, January 2). Iran has invested in allies and proxies across the Middle East. Here\\\\\\\\\\\\'s where they stand after Soleimani\\\\\\\\\\\\'s death. Washington Post. Retrieved from https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2020/01/03/iran-has-invested-allies-proxies-across-middle-east-heres-where-they-stand-after-soleimanis-death/
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Lincoln S Leadership Abilities Comparison And Contrast
… is one of such studies that introduce the life of Abraham Lincoln as one of the most successful and memorable statesmen in American political history, and his success is examined under various contexts. Lincoln on leadership is the primary study for this paper; however, observations are made … to excite his administrative and personal accomplishments to mythical proportions. In the first part, he assumed office at one of the most perilous political environments of American history, with certain states already seceded to the confederate party and others preparing to join. The major route of the … and statesman at the time, and many regarded him as a pushover. However, through sheer will, deliberate development, and a hands-on/personal approach to political administration, Lincoln was able to inspire and motivate his cabinet, troops, and the entire nation to a common and achievable goal. He mastered … public or private speaking. This……
References
References
Maxwell, J.C. (2005). Ethics 101: What Every Leader Needs to Know. Center Street Publishing. ISBN: 9780446578097. Retrieved from: http://lasacoassurance.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/John_C._MaxwelEthics-101_-What-Every-Leader-Needs-to-K-1.pdf
Maxwell, J.C. (1998). The 21 Irrefutable Laws of Leadership. Thomas Nelson Publishing. ISBN: 9780785288374. Retrieved from: https://www.speakersbase.com/uploads/3567e22e8083ad294bab525f9c0b631c57f40f2b1478780702.pdf
Northouse, P.G. (2012). Leadership: Theory and Practice. California, USA: publications Inc. ISBN: 9781483317533.
Phillips, D.T. (1992). Lincoln on Leadership. New York, NY: Warner Books. ISBN: 9780446394598
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The Modern World Of Autonomy Vs Heteronomy
… upon which culture together with other social organizations rest, creating the superstructure. According to Marx, the base determines how a society’s law, culture, political system, family form, and conflicts will be.
Figure 1. For Marx, each of the elements of the structure of a society depend on ……
References
Works cited
Gerth, H. H., and C. Wright Mills. \\\\\\\\\\\\"Politics as a Vocation.\\\\\\\\\\\\" From Max Weber: Essays in Sociology (1946): 77-128.
Little, William. “Chapter 4. Society and Modern Life.” Introduction to Sociology – 2nd Canadian Edition. (n.d.). Web.
Lumen Learning. “Theoretical Perspectives on Society.” Society and Social Interaction. (n.d.). Web.
Marx, Karl, and Friedrich Engels. \\\\\\\\\\\\"The Communist Manifesto.\\\\\\\\\\\\" Selected Works bu Karl Marx and Frederick Engels. Neu York: International Publishers 1363 (1848). 108-127.
Marx, Karl. \\\\\\\\\\\\"Economic and philosophical manuscripts.\\\\\\\\\\\\" Early writings 333 (1844) 75–112.
Marx, Karl. Grundrisse: Foundations of the critique of political economy. Penguin UK, 2005. 82-111.
Steiner, Pierre, and John Stewart. \\\\\\\\\\\\"From autonomy to heteronomy (and back): The enaction of social life.\\\\\\\\\\\\" Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences 8.4 (2009): 527.
Weber, Max. The protestant ethic and the spirit of capitalism. New Introduction and Translation by Stephen Kalberg. ROXBURY PUBLISHING COMPANY, 2001. 13-37
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Fake News Detection
...Political science Fake News Detection
Introduction
How can fake news be detected and prevented from dominating the online discourse of news events? Numerous researchers have been discussing this issue and identifying ways to detect fake news, whether on social media (Shu et al.) or by creating a benchmark dataset to facilitate the process (Wang). The topic of this study is fake news detection and what methods are available in this new field. The reason for addressing this topic is that fake news has been a hot button issue in politics ever since the election of Donald Trump. Understanding how fake new proliferates and what can be done to stop its proliferation is something that the digital community can benefit from. The inquiry question for this review is: What are some of the ways that fake news detection can be facilitated?
Body
This literature is organized according to what the researchers have found.……
References
References
Conroy, Niall J., Victoria L. Rubin, and Yimin Chen. "Automatic deception detection: Methods for finding fake news." Proceedings of the Association for Information Science and Technology 52.1 (2015): 1-4.
Rubin, Victoria L., Yimin Chen, and Niall J. Conroy. "Deception detection for news: three types of fakes." Proceedings of the 78th ASIS&T Annual Meeting: Information Science with Impact: Research in and for the Community. American Society for Information Science, 2015.
Ruchansky, Natali, Sungyong Seo, and Yan Liu. "Csi: A hybrid deep model for fake news detection." Proceedings of the 2017 ACM on Conference on Information and Knowledge Management. ACM, 2017.
Shu, Kai, et al. "Fake news detection on social media: A data mining perspective." ACM SIGKDD Explorations Newsletter19.1 (2017): 22-36.
Wang, William Yang. "" liar, liar pants on fire": A new benchmark dataset for fake news detection." arXiv preprint arXiv:1705.00648 (2017).
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History And Leopold Von Ranke
… history identified the problems and their causes while, politics, invented in the 19th century according to Ranke, provided the solutions.[footnoteRef:2] In order for political solutions to be effectively developed and applied, history had to be understood critically.[footnoteRef:3] The best way to understand history critically was to examine … healthy government that allows such perusal.[footnoteRef:4] [2: Leopold von Ranke, Excerpts from “The Secret of World History. Selected Writings on the Art and science of History” by Leopold von Ranke. Edited by Roger Wines (Fordham University Press, 1981), 108.] [3: Leopold von Ranke, Excerpts from “The Secret … Wines (Fordham University Press, 1981), 108.] [3: Leopold von Ranke, Excerpts from “The Secret of World History. Selected Writings on the Art and science of History” by Leopold von Ranke. Edited by Roger Wines (Fordham University Press, 1981), 109.] [4: Leopold von Ranke, Excerpts from “The Secret … Wines (Fordham University Press, 1981),……
References
Bibliography
Excerpts from “The Secret of World History. Selected Writings on the Art and Science of History” by Leopold von Ranke. Edited by Roger Wines. Fordham University Press, 1981.
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COVID 19 In South Africa Nigeria And Swaziland
… of the firm and in what way people are obeying them. This would ultimately build an organizational culture for coping with social and political issues. The informal institutions are socially shared instructions, typically unwritten, that are formed, transferred and imposed outside the official boundaries (Torniainen & Sasstamoinen, … diversity inside the processes. The same research also revealed that there are three major sources of pressure on institutional norms, which are functional, political, and social. Functional pressures are observed when difficulty in performance is sensed with the institutionalization of practice within the organization. political pressures are when the existing political arrangement within the institutional powers change, and the related interest dealings are altered accordingly. The social pressures are when different beliefs and practices … through all echelons of the firm.
With the help of another research, it was deducted that informal institutions can entail criteria like corruption, political ideology, and……
References
References
Coelho, A. (2019). The role of informal institutions in the enforcement of rules and how to improve corporate and public governance in Brazil: Studies based on a set of corporate governance cases involving state-owned companies (Working Paper). Retrieved from SSRN website https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3434037
Dacin, M.T., Goodstein, J. & Scott, W.R. (2002). Institutional theory and institutional change: Introduction to the special research forum. Academy of Management Journal, 45(1), 45- 47. DOI: 10.2307/3069284
Escandon-Barbosa, D.M., Urbano, D., Hurtado-Ayala, A., Paramo, J.S. & Dominguez, A.Z. (2019). Formal institutions, informal institutions, and entrepreneurial activity: A comparative relationship between rural and urban areas in Colombia. Journal of Urban Management, 8(3), 458-471. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jum.2019.06.002
Estrin, S. & Prevezer, M. (2010). The role of informal institutions in corporate governance: Brazil, Russia, India, and China compared. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 28, 41- 67. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10490-010-9229-1
Kaufmann, W., Hooghiemstra, R. & Feeney, M.K. (2018). Formal institutions, informal institutions, and red tape: A comparative study. Public Administration, 96(2), 386-403. https://doi.org/10.1111/padm.12397
Meluch, A.L. (2016, August). Understanding the organizational and institutional origins of social support in a cancer support center. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from https://etd.ohiolink.edu/!etd.send_file?accession=kent1466944822&disposition=inline
Torniainen, T.J. & Sasstamoinen, O.J. (2007). Formal and informal institutions and their hierarchy in the regulation of the forest lease in Russia. Forestry: An International Journal of Forest Research, 80(5), 489-501. https://doi.org/10.1093/forestry/cpm033
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The Impact Of The Black Death On European Society
… and recognized its symptoms from the tales told by traveling merchants (Boccaccio 168). Nevertheless, attitudes and beliefs remained heavily steeped in superstition and science. Florentine author Boccaccio speculated that the Black Death was “owing to the influence of the planets, or that it was sent from God … hierarchies and the beginnings of socialist ideologies, especially evident in the peasant revolts that took place in England (Anonimalle…[break]…of Muslim social, economic, and political institutions: particularly the Moors.
The Black Death shifted not just the role of the Church in political, economic, and social life, but also the importance of religion itself. In other words, the Black Death promoted secular values. Disenchantment with the … the world,” Di Tura points out (170). Yet this did not necessarily mean that the common people started to value the importance of science. The inability to provide effective cures meant that contemporary medicine was also……
References
Works Cited
The Anonimalle Chronicle: The English Peasants’ Revolt (1381).
Boccaccio, Giovanni. The Decameron: The Plague Hits Florence. (ca. 1350).
Cohn, Samuel K. “The Black Death and the Burning of Jews.” Past & Present, Volume 196, Issue 1, August 2007, Pages 3–36,
Di Tura, Angelo. Sienese Chronicle (1348-1351).
Petrarca-Meister, The Social Order (ca. 1515).
Sloan AW. The Black Death in England. South African Medical Journal = Suid-afrikaanse Tydskrif vir Geneeskunde. 1981 Apr;59(18):646-650.
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Drug Abuse
...Political science Impact of Drug Abuse on School Children Aged 10 To 18 in Developed Countries (U.S., Canada, France, England, Germany, Italy, Russia, Australia, Japan and China): Narrative Literature Review
Introduction
The problem addressed in this literature review is that in developed countries around the world, drug abuse among school children between the ages of 10 and 18 is on the rise (UN, 2018). School children are particularly vulnerable because their bodies and minds are still developing and when drugs are introduced to their systems, the impact can be devastating to them personally in physical and mental health terms (Stockings et al., 2016). Yet all around the developed world this is happening. Children are being brought into and exposed to drug culture because drug use, particularly marijuana use is on the rise through vaping, which was meant as a tool to wean tobacco smokers off cigarettes. Instead it is allowing young and……
References
References
Baggio, S., Spilka, S., Studer, J., Iglesias, K., & Gmel, G. (2016). Trajectories of drug use among French young people: Prototypical stages of involvement in illicit drug use. Journal of Substance Use, 21(5), 485-490.
Bonyani, A., Safaeian, L., Chehrazi, M., Etedali, A., Zaghian, M., & Mashhadian, F. (2018). A high school-based education concerning drug abuse prevention. Journal of education and health promotion, 7.
Chu, Y. W. L. (2015). Do medical marijuana laws increase hard-drug use?. The Journal of Law and Economics, 58(2), 481-517.
Downes, D. (2017). The drug addict as a folk devil. In Drugs and politics (pp. 89-97). Routledge.
Goodchild, M., Nargis, N., & d\\'Espaignet, E. T. (2018). Global economic cost of smoking-attributable diseases. Tobacco control, 27(1), 58-64.
Grant, C. N., & Bélanger, R. E. (2017). Cannabis and Canada’s children and youth. Paediatrics & child health, 22(2), 98-102.
Herbert, A., Gonzalez-Izquierdo, A., McGhee, J., Li, L., & Gilbert, R. (2016). Time-trends in rates of hospital admission of adolescents for violent, self-inflicted or drug/alcohol-related injury in England and Scotland, 2005–11: population-based analysis. Journal of Public Health, 39(1), 65-73.
Henkel, D., & Zemlin, U. (2016). Social inequality and substance use and problematic gambling among adolescents and young adults: a review of epidemiological surveys in Germany. Current drug abuse reviews, 9(1), 26-48.
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Leadership Ethics For Social Change
… change concepts include leadership without formal authority, transactional leadership, charismatic leadership and so on. The author looks at social movement structure, resource mobilization, political opportunity structure, and the development of strategic capacity.
The key question that the author is addressing is what it means to engage in … inference/conclusions in this chapter are that social change is generally achieved through a complex interaction of factors and variables, such as a ripening political environment in which social change can serve as a lever for political action—somewhat like the movement for a new economic order is happening today among far-left politicians responding to a far-left movement for social change. ……
References
References
Hickman, G. R. (2010). Leading Change in Multiple Contexts : Concepts and Practices in Organizational, Community, Political, Social, and Global Change Settings. SAGE.
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