Study Document
… the PRC
Introduction
The People’s Republic of China (PRC) is the state that most influences contemporary international security. The globalization of the Communist power projects brings employment and economic growth. Since joining the World Trade Organization, China has become an increasingly influential participant in the global economy, … in the global economy, and has used this increase in wealth to finance its other ambitions, including re-establishing itself as a great maritime power and increasing its influence over the South China Sea and nuclear development within the Indo-Pacific region.
People’s Republic of China Context
The People’s Republic of China emerged as the winning side in the post-WWII … the World Trade Organization, and at that time it was already growing its economy rapidly. Since that point, China has become an economic power, and this in turn has allowed China to increase its military might considerably, and restore the nation to……
References
Chatzky, A. & McBride, J. (2019) China’s massive Belt and Road Initiative. Council on Foreign Relations. In possession of the author.
“China as a Trading State” (n.d.) In possession of the author. s
“Foreign Direct Investment” (n.d.) In possession of the author.
Global Times (2018) Best strategic opportunity since the Cold War. Global Times. In possession of the author.
Hoffman, S. (2002) Clash of globalizations. Foreign Affairs. July/August 2002. 105-115.
Morrison, W. (2017) China’s economic rise: History, trends, challenges, and implications for the United States. Congressional Research Service. September 15, 2017. In possession of the author.
NIC (2017) Paradox of progress. National Intelligence Council. In possession of the author.
Pollack, J. (no date). Competing visions: China, America and the Asia-Pacific Security Order. In possession of the author.
Study Document
Countering the Threat of Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMDs)
Purpose Statement
Chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) weapons of mass destruction (WMD) area a threat that can completely disrupt an entire nation’s way of life. The current situation in … made worse because of the instability there now. Yet, even before Gaddafi’s overthrow, the state was seen as a rogue state by Western power (Hochman, 2006). In 2003, Gaddafi had signaled that he would be ending the development of the country’s stockpile of WMDs, which was why … 2006). In 2003, Gaddafi had signaled that he would be ending the development of the country’s stockpile of WMDs, which was why Western power had considered Libya a threat to security. Gaddafi had always denied the nation was developing WMDs—but his turnabout in 2003 showed that he … under the Obama Administration, after which Hillary Clinton callously quipped, “We came, we saw,……
References
Asada, M. (2008). Security Council Resolution 1540 to combat WMD terrorism: effectiveness and legitimacy in international legislation. Journal of Conflict & Security Law, 13(3), 303-332.
Carter, A. B. (2004). Overhauling counterproliferation. Technology in Society 26(2-3), 257-269.
CBS. (2011). Clinton on Qaddafi: We came, we saw, he died. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mlz3-OzcExI
The Commission to Assess the Organization of the Federal Government to Combat the Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction. (1999). Combating Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction. Washington, D.C.
Forest, J.J.F. (2012, Winter). Framework for Analyzing the Future Threat of WMD Terrorism. Journal of Strategic Security 5, 4. Retrieved from http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1193&context=jss
Hochman, D. (2006). Rehabilitating a rogue: Libya's WMD reversal and lessons for US policy. Parameters, 36(1), 63.
Lang, C. G. (1937). Archbishop's Appeal: Individual Will and Action; Guarding Personality. London Times, 28.
Stone, O., & Kuznick, P. (2013). The untold history of the United States. Simon and Schuster.
Study Document
… usage of WMDs by terrorists against America and American interests was “based on a counterproliferation strategy developed in response to the threat of nuclear, biological, and chemical (NBC) weapons to military forces in the 1990s.”[footnoteRef:3] Yet, it was 9/11 that truly introduced the intensely broadened scope, especially … and the walking away from treaties, such as recently took place between the U.S. and Russia with respect to the suspension of the nuclear Arms Control Treaty.[footnoteRef:7] The destabilization of the relationship between the East and the West is evidence of the growing nature of this challenge. … Intelligence: Counterproliferation,” Journal of U.S. Intelligence Studies 21, no. 1 (Winter 2014-15), 78-79.] [7: David E. Sanger and William J. Broad, “US Suspends nuclear Arms Control Treaty with Russia,” The New York Times, Feb 1., 2019. https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/01/us/politics/trump-inf-nuclear-treaty.html]
Covert Operations
Organizing to combat the proliferation of WMDs “requires a clear delineation of responsibilities,” according……
Bibliography
Arnold, Aaron and Daniel Salisbury, “The Long Arm,” Belfer Center, 2019. https://www.belfercenter.org/publication/long-arm
Carter, Ashton B. "Overhauling counterproliferation." Technology in Society 26, no. 2-3 (2004): 257-269.
The Commission to Assess the Organization of the Federal Government to Combat the Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction. “Combating Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction,” Washington, D.C., 1999.
FBI. “COINTELPRO.” https://vault.fbi.gov/cointel-pro
FBI Counterproliferation Center. “About.” https://www.fbi.gov/about/leadership-and-structure/national-security-branch/fbi-counterproliferation-center
Fischer, Rowena Rege. “Guide to the Study of Intelligence: Counterproliferation,” Journal of U.S. Intelligence Studies 21, no. 1 (Winter 2014-15), 78-82.
Liow, Joseph Chinyong. "The Mahathir administration's war against Islamic militancy: operational and ideological challenges." Australian Journal of International Affairs 58, no. 2 (2004): 241-256.
Manchikanti, Laxmaiah, Jaya Sanapati, Ramsin M. Benyamin, Sairam Atluri, Alan D. Kaye, and Joshua A. Hirsch. "Reframing the prevention strategies of the opioid crisis: focusing on prescription opioids, fentanyl, and heroin epidemic." Pain physician 21, no. 4 (2018): 309-326.
Study Document
… on the one hand and Capitalism on the other. The West favored Capitalism and the East favored Communism. The U.S. was the main power in the West and Soviet Russia was the main power in the East. The economic approaches of the two power were only part of the story, however; this was also a war for hegemony. The U.S. wanted to influence the world order just ……
References
Hogan, M. J. & Hogan, M. (1989). The Marshall Plan: America, Britain and the
Reconstruction of Western Europe, 1947-1952. Cambridge University Press.
Stone, O. & Kuznick, P. (2012). The untold history of the United States. NY: Gallery.
Study Document
...Nuclear power The Past Present and Future of Warfare Impact of Technology and Strategy
Introduction
Military tactics and strategies are essential in warfare. Without the right tactics and strategy, it is impossible to win wars. By definition, military strategy is the planning, coordination, and implementation of military operations to meet some set objectives. Tactics can be defined as short-term military strategies in the field of operations in terms of the equipment to use, how to use them, and troop movement. According to renowned Carl von Clausewitz, who was a distinguished military strategist and theorist, the strategy is how to utilize battles to win wars and tactics is how to utilize troops and weaponry in battles (Phifer, 2012). However, both tactics and strategies have been theorized, defined, or utilized in different ways at different times in history. In this work, it is my argument that the United States military needs to adopt tactics……
Bibliography
Grieco, K. A. (2018). The 2018 national defense strategy: continuity and competition. Strategic Studies Quarterly, 12(2), 3-8.
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Noel, E. (1905). Gustaf Adolf (King of Sweden): The Father of Modern War. Bale & Danielsson.
Parrot, D. A. (1985). Strategy and Tactics in the Thirty Years\\\\\\\\\\\\' War: The\\\\\\\\\\\\" Military Revolution.\\\\\\\\\\\\" Militärgeschichtliche Zeitschrift, (2), 7.
Phifer, M. (2012). A Handbook of Military Strategy and Tactics. Vij Books India Pvt Ltd.
RisCassi, R. W. (1997). Doctrine for joint operations in a combined environment: A necessity. Military Review, 77(1), 103.
Steele, B. (2005). Military Reengineering Between the World Wars. RAND NATIONAL DEFENSE RESEARCH INST SANTA MONICA CA.
Study Document
… the U.S. and her allies.[footnoteRef:4] Over the past few years, Russia has continued to modernize her military forces on the premise that military power is key to achieving key strategic goals and global influence. As a result, the country continues to invest in nuclear weapons as part of her power projection and deterrence abilities. For example, the Russian military carries out “regular nuclear-capable Tu-95 Bear bomber long-range aviation flights off the coasts of Japan, Korea, Canada, and Alaska.”[footnoteRef:5] In the past few years, Russia has increased … weaken her forces by lessening the aggregate quantities of war materials and weapons. [11: Ibid., 7.]
With regards to space, this coercive air power strategy will entail controlling the adversary’s air space. The United States will focus on obtaining and maintain air superiority over China through controlling … overall quantities of war materials and weapons, U.S. forces will control Chinese fielded forces……
Bibliography
Davidson, P.S. “Statement of Admiral Philip S. Davidson, U.S. Navy Commander, U.S. Indo-Pacific Command Before the House Armed Services Committee on U.S. Indo-Pacific Command Posture.” United States Senate, March 27, 2019, https://www.armed-services.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/Davidson_02-12-19.pdf
Department of Defense. “Summary of the 2018 National Defense Strategy of the United States of America.” National Defense Strategy, 2018, https://dod.defense.gov/Portals/1/Documents/pubs/2018-National-Defense-Strategy-Summary.pdf
Muller, K. “The Essence of Coercive Air Power: A Primer for Military Strategies.” Air University, https://www.airuniversity.af.edu/Portals/10/ASPJ/journals/Chronicles/mueller.pdf
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Study Document
… accounts for 38% of all electricity production in the US, and coal is used to produce another 23% of electricity in the US; nuclear energy using steam turbines produces another 20% of electricity generation, while renewable energy sources only provided 17% of electricity generation in the US ……
Works Cited
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Lemonick, Sam. “Scientists Underestimated How Bad Cow Farts Are.” Forbes, 29 September 2017. https://www.forbes.com/sites/samlemonick/2017/09/29/scientists-underestimated-how-bad-cow-farts-are/#6c0aca2178a9
Loss, Scott R., Tom Will, and Peter P. Marra. \\\\\\\\\\\\"Estimates of bird collision mortality at wind facilities in the contiguous United States.\\\\\\\\\\\\" Biological Conservation 168 (2013): 201-209.
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Study Document
… that in spite of their abundant historical and linguistic differences, Haiti, Jamaica, and Puerto Rico share in common similar sociological patterns related to power and labor exploitation.
Slavery
Slavery is the defining feature of the settlement of the New World, particularly in the Caribbean after the establishment … if beating to the sound of the same drums. One plantation manager named Pierre Mossut wrote with alarm, “There is a motor that power them and that keeps power them and that we cannot come to know,” (Dubois 96). The “success of the insurrection” in Haiti dealt a blow to the colonial … Haiti and Jamaica both had a vibrant peasant class to establish new post-colonial sociological institutions (115). In Haiti, religion was crucial for the power of the peasantry, all of which were liberated slaves. Religion can be a means to oppress or to liberate the peasantry, and is ………
Works Cited
Dubois, Laurent. “Fire in the Cane,” in Avengers of the New World, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2007.
Geggus, David. “The Caribbean in the Age of Revolution.”
Godreau, Isar P., Cruz, Mariolga Reyes, Ortiz, Mariluz, et al. “The Lessons of Slavery: Discourses of Slavery, Mestizaje, and Blanqueamiento in an Elementary School in Puerto Rico.” American Ethnologist, Vol. 35, No. 1, 2008, pp. 115-135.
Laguerre, Michael. “The Place of Voodoo in the Social Structure of Haiti.” Caribbean Quarterly, Vol. 19, No. 3, 1973, pp. 36-50.
Mintz, Sidney Three Ancient Colonies: Caribbean Themes and Variations, Harvard University Press, 2012.
Safa, Helen. “The Matrifocal Family and Patriarchal Ideology in Cuba and the Caribbean,” Journal of Latin American Anthropology, Vol. 10, No.2, 2005.
Stinchcombe, Arthur. “Planter power, Freedom, and Oppression of Slaves in 18th century Caribbean”, from Sugar Island Slavery in the Age of Enlightenment, Princeton University Press, pp. 125-158.
Stinchcombe, Arthur. “Race as a Social Boundary: Free Colored versus Slaves and Blacks,” from Sugar Island Slavery in the Age of Enlightenment, Princeton University Press, pp. 159-172.
Study Document
...Nuclear power Trust and Relationships in Negotiation
Introduction
Successful negotiations rely heavily upon the ability of those involved to develop trust and build solid relationships. If parties to a negotiation cannot trust one another and do not develop the kind of relationships required, it is highly unlikely that they will arrive at the kind of satisfactory, win-win outcome that all sides desire. But how does one define trust? What steps can be taken to best support a working relationship? How can one tell if one is moving towards a successful negotiation or working against one’s own best interests? This paper will review the topic of trust and relationship development in negotiations to show how one can approach the problem of trust and relationship building while working on negotiating an outcome that satisfies all parties.
What is Trust?
Trust is a concept that has different meanings depending on how one thinks of its……
References
Butler Jr, J. K. (1999). Trust expectations, information sharing, climate of trust, and negotiation effectiveness and efficiency. Group & Organization Management, 24(2), 217-238.
Lewicki, R. J., & Stevenson, M. A. (1997). Trust development in negotiation: Proposed actions and a research agenda. Business & Professional Ethics Journal, 16(1/3), 99-132.
Olekalns, M., & Smith, P. L. (2009). Mutually dependent: Power, trust, affect and the use of deception in negotiation. Journal of Business Ethics, 85(3), 347-365.
Ross, W., & LaCroix, J. (1996). Multiple meanings of trust in negotiation theory and research: A literature review and integrative model. International Journal of Conflict Management. 7(4), 314–360.
Shell, G. R. (1991). Opportunism and trust in the negotiation of commercial contracts:Toward a new cause of action. Vand. L. Rev., 44, 221.
Study Document
… to analyze today because the Middle East remains a global hotspot with the very real potential to erupt in other conflicts with Western power in general and the United States in particular. To determine the facts, the overarching purpose of this paper is to review the relevant … out of Kuwait. Coalition forces then advanced into Iraq itself but settled for a cease fire within 100 hours which left Hussein in power, an outcome that was highly controversial then and now (Taylor, 2015).
Against the backdrop of other military conflicts prosecuted by the United States, ……
References
Curtis, J. (2015, November). Reflecting on strategic results of Operation Desert Storm. Army, 65(11), 24-27.
Khan, H. (2011, July 1). An unbiased estimate of present American competitiveness from deontological and teleological perspectives of utilitarianism. Competition Forum, 9(2), 348-352.
Klotzer, C. L. (2002, October). A lesson for Americans: Desert Storm operation reports were full of lies and distortions. St. Louis Journalism Review, 32(250), 34-39.
Lindsey, J. M. & Smith, C. (2003, Summer). Rally 'round the flag: Opinion in the United States before and after the Iraq War. Brookings Review, 21(3), 20-24.
Operation Desert Storm. (2020). U.S. History. Retrieved from https://www.ushistory.org/ us/60a.asp.
Stilwell, B. (2015, September 12). 21 facts about the first Gulf War. Military.com. Retrieved from https://www.military.com/undertheradar/2015/09/21-facts-about-the-first-gulf-war .
Taylor, A. (2016, January 14). Operation Desert Storm: 25 years since the first Gulf War. The Atlantic. Retrieved from https://www.theatlantic.com/photo/2016/01/operation-desert-storm-25-years-since-the-first-gulf-war/424191/ .
Tilford, K. H., Jr. (1993, Summer). Review: The meaning of victory in Operation Desert Storm: A review essay. Political Science Quarterly, 108(2), 327-331.
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