International Econ Essays (Examples)
Study Document
Brazilian Market Entry Pricing Strategy
… quality of climbing harnesses probably does not change much around the world, for a couple of reasons. One is that climbing is an international sport, and two is that the safety standards for climbing gear are critical, and any gear that does not adhere to international-level safety standards simply won’t be purchased by serious climbers, as it would risk their lives to do so. So it is reasonable to … so. So it is reasonable to assume that gear that is premium in the US would also be considered premium in Brazil.
The econ strength for Peak is that they already have a distributor in the country, Amazonas. With a distribution already in place, they have the … they can also do premium pricing with this option.
A third strength is that the Brazilian market appears to be sophisticated, with many international competitions held in the country, and the……
References
References
Chappelow, J. (2019) Monopolistic competition. Investopedia. Retrieved March 28, 2020 from https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/monopolisticmarket.asp
CIA World Factbook. (2020) Brazil. Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved March 28, 2020 from https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/br.html
Decker, A. (2020) The ultimate guide to pricing strategies HubSpot. Retrieved March 28, 2020 from https://blog.hubspot.com/sales/pricing-strategy
Dourado, A., Canabrava, L, Spadano, L, Alvarenga, P., Salles, R., Advogados, F., Lourencao, M. & Trung, T. (2019) Doing business in Brazil: An overview. Thomson Reuters Practical Law. Retrieved March 28, 2020 from https://uk.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.com/0-503-8385?__lrTS=20180603124715781&transitionType=Default&contextData= (sc.Default)&firstPage=true&bhcp=1#co_anchor_a102539
Downey, L. (2019) Brazilian real. Investopedia. Retrieved March 28, 2020 from https://www.investopedia.com/terms/forex/a/brl-brazilian-real.asp
Furgison, L. (2019) SWOT analysis, step 5: developing actionable strategies. BPlans.com. Retrieved March 28, 2020 from https://articles.bplans.com/swot-analysis-challenge-day-5-turning-swot-analysis-actionable-strategies/
Kokemuller, N. (2020) Entry pricing strategy. Houston Chronicle. Retrieved March 28, 2020 from https://smallbusiness.chron.com/entry-pricing-strategy-61428.html
Riley, C. (2019) Jair Bolsinaro says Brazil is open for business. CNN Business. Retrieved March 28, 2020 from https://www.cnn.com/2019/01/22/business/bolsonaro-brazil-davos-foreign-investment/index.html
Study Document
Investing Overseas Market Entry Decision Making
international Acquisition
EU or not EU?
On the question of whether to expand into the European Union or not, there are a few different … an American firm. While the EU has a fairly complex regulatory environment that could prove challenging, the decision as to where to expand international still has to be more of a market-based decision. That means looking at an ROI or net present value type of calculation, weighing … of entering the market against the size of the market opportunity. That calculation might show that the EU is the best choice for international expansion, or it might not.
There is a lot of information available about expanding into Europe, so at least the decision to enter … an external market if it feels that market is growing more rapidly. Credit is typically one of the best ways to start expanding international.
Many of the world’s largest……
References
References
CE Intelligence. (2019) EU – market entry strategies. CE Intelligence.com. Retrieved December 5, 2019 from http://www.ceintelligence.com/content_manager/contentPages/view/eu-market-entry-strategies
Chapman, K. & Edmond, H. (2010) Mergers/acquisitions and restructuring in the EU chemical industry: Patterns and implications. Regional Studies. Vol. 34 (8) 753-767
Conyon, M., Girma, S., Thompson, S. & Wright, P. (2003) The productivity and wage effects of foreign acquisitions in the United Kingdom. The Journal of Industrial Economics. Vol. 50 (1) 85-102.
EF.com (2019) English proficiency index. EF.com. Retrieved December 5, 2019 from https://www.ef.com/wwen/epi/
Export.gov (2019) European Union – market entry strategy. Export.gov. Retrieved December 5, 2019 from https://www.export.gov/article?id=European-union-Market-Entry-Strategy
Girma, S. (2002) The process of European integration and the determinants of entry by non-EU multinationals in UK manufacturing. DOI:10.1111/1467-9957.00305
Girma, S. (2005) Technology transfer from acquisition FDI and the absorptive capacity of domestic firms: An empirical investigation. Open Economies Review. Vol. 16 (2) 175-187.
Lamson, M. (2016) 5 things you need to know before doing business in Europe. Inc. Magazine. Retrieved December 5, 2019 from https://www.inc.com/melissa-lamson/5-things-you-need-to-know-before-doing-business-in-europe.html
Study Document
Individuals Using Customary Practices In Times Of Crises
… H.N., Miles, L.S. & Gordon, R.D. (2019). Disaster Risk Reduction in Cameroon: Are Contemporary Disaster Management Frameworks Accommodating the Sendai Framework Agenda 2030? international Journal of Disaster Risk Science, 10, 462-477.
According to the authors of this present study, most disasters in Africa have severe implications on ……
References
Roberts. A.R. (Ed.). (2005). Crisis Intervention Handbook: Assessment, Treatment, and Research (3rd ed.). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Sama’ila, A. (2019). Economic crisis and the coping strategies of indigenous automobile entrepreneurs in northern Nigeria, 1983-2014. Sociology International Journal, 3(6), 437-442.
Study Document
Influence Of The PRC With Great Power Competition Globalization
The Influence of the PRC
Introduction
The People’s Republic of China (PRC) is the state that most influences contemporary international security. The globalization of the Communist superpower projects brings employment and econ growth. Since joining the World Trade Organization, China has become an increasingly influential participant in the global econ, and has used this increase in wealth to finance its other ambitions, including re-establishing itself as a great maritime power and increasing its … Macau to PRC rule in 1997 and 1999 respectively. In the early 1980s the Communist Party began the process of opening up China’s econ, but did so without opening up much else in Chinese society (“The international of China’s econ). By 2001, China joined the World Trade Organization, and at that time it was already growing its econ rapidly. Since that point, China has become an econ powerhouse, and this in turn has allowed China to……
References
References
Chatzky, A. & McBride, J. (2019) China’s massive Belt and Road Initiative. Council on Foreign Relations. In possession of the author.
“China as a Trading State” (n.d.) In possession of the author. s
“Foreign Direct Investment” (n.d.) In possession of the author.
Global Times (2018) Best strategic opportunity since the Cold War. Global Times. In possession of the author.
Hoffman, S. (2002) Clash of globalizations. Foreign Affairs. July/August 2002. 105-115.
Morrison, W. (2017) China’s economic rise: History, trends, challenges, and implications for the United States. Congressional Research Service. September 15, 2017. In possession of the author.
NIC (2017) Paradox of progress. National Intelligence Council. In possession of the author.
Pollack, J. (no date). Competing visions: China, America and the Asia-Pacific Security Order. In possession of the author.
Study Document
Cyber Espionage
… study research design based on the Just War Theory will be utilized to conduct this research. Data will be collected from professionals in international relations and cyber security as well as existing publications on recent cyber espionage activities by China and Russia.
Keywords: cyber espionage, acceptability, proposition, … use of cyberspace in modern warfare has also been characterized by the emergence of cyber espionage, which is one of the most complex international problems in today’s world. Cyber espionage refers to the practice of obtaining secrets with the permission of the owner/possessor of the information.[footnoteRef:2] While … and Combating Techniques”, Indian Computer Emergency Response Team, 2013. https://www.cert-in.org.in/Downloader?pageid=5&type=2&fileName=CIPS-2013-0128.pdf]
Background Information
Cyber espionage has become one of the most important and complex international problem in today’s world. It is a practice that involves obtaining secrets without the permission of the owner/possessor of the information. The information … is a practice that involves……
References
Bibliography
Agarwal A. & CERT-IN. “Cyber Espionage, Infiltration and Combating Techniques.” Indian Computer Emergency Response Team, 2013. https://www.cert-in.org.in/Downloader?pageid=5&type=2&fileName=CIPS-2013-0128.pdf
Banks, W.C. “Cyber Espionage and Electronic Surveillance: Beyond the Media Coverage.” Emory law Journal 66, (2017).
Georgieva, I. “The Unexpected Norm-Setters: Intelligence Agencies in Cyberspace.” Contemporary Security Policy (2019).
Hjortdal, M. “China’s Use of Cyber Warfare: Espionage Meets Strategic Deterrence.” Journal of Strategic Security 4, no. 2 (2011).
Libicki, M. “The Coming of Cyber Espionage Norms.” 9th International Conference on Cyber Conflict, 2017. https://ccdcoe.org/uploads/2018/10/Art-01-The-Coming-of-Cyber-Espionage-Norms.pdf " target="_blank" REL="NOFOLLOW">
Study Document
Cyber Espionage
… study research design based on the Just War Theory will be utilized to conduct this research. Data will be collected from professionals in international relations and cyber security as well as existing publications on recent cyber espionage activities by China and Russia.
Keywords: cyber espionage, acceptability, proposition, … use of cyberspace in modern warfare has also been characterized by the emergence of cyber espionage, which is one of the most complex international problems in today’s world. Cyber espionage refers to the practice of obtaining secrets without the permission of the owner/possessor of the information.[footnoteRef:2] While … and Combating Techniques”, Indian Computer Emergency Response Team, 2013. https://www.cert-in.org.in/Downloader?pageid=5&type=2&fileName=CIPS-2013-0128.pdf]
Background Information
Cyber espionage has become one of the most important and complex international problem in today’s world. It is a practice that involves obtaining secrets without the permission of the owner/possessor of the information. The information … is a practice that involves……
References
Bibliography
Agarwal A. & CERT-IN. “Cyber Espionage, Infiltration and Combating Techniques.” Indian Computer Emergency Response Team, 2013. https://www.cert-in.org.in/Downloader?pageid=5&type=2&fileName=CIPS-2013-0128.pdf
Banks, W.C. “Cyber Espionage and Electronic Surveillance: Beyond the Media Coverage.” Emory law Journal 66, (2017).
Georgieva, I. “The Unexpected Norm-Setters: Intelligence Agencies in Cyberspace.” Contemporary Security Policy (2019).
Hjortdal, M. “China’s Use of Cyber Warfare: Espionage Meets Strategic Deterrence.” Journal of Strategic Security 4, no. 2 (2011).
Libicki, M. “The Coming of Cyber Espionage Norms.” 9th International Conference on Cyber Conflict, 2017. https://ccdcoe.org/uploads/2018/10/Art-01-The-Coming-of-Cyber-Espionage-Norms.pdf " target="_blank" REL="NOFOLLOW">
Study Document
Strategy For National Defense
… and includes safeguarding the interests of partners/allies around the world. Through the strategy, the United States responds to the increasing military, political and econ competitions encountered worldwide. As part of ensuring suitable response to these competitions, NSS includes a regional context strategy through which the United States … that acknowledge the nature and extent of threats, intensity of rivalry, and potential opportunities across all regions. Such strategies become the premise of international Relations and U.S. foreign policy. [1: The White House, “National Security Strategy of the United States of America”, The White House, December 2017, … National Security Strategy. It extends from the west coast of India to the United States’ western shores and represent one of the most econ vibrant and populated regions in the world.[footnoteRef:2] America’s interest in this region, which is currently facing competition between free and repressive visions of … between free and repressive visions……
References
Bibliography
Davidson, P.S. “Statement of Admiral Philip S. Davidson, U.S. Navy Commander, U.S. Indo-Pacific Command Before the House Armed Services Committee on U.S. Indo-Pacific Command Posture.” United States Senate, March 27, 2019, https://www.armed-services.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/Davidson_02-12-19.pdf
Department of Defense. “Summary of the 2018 National Defense Strategy of the United States of America.” National Defense Strategy, 2018, https://dod.defense.gov/Portals/1/Documents/pubs/2018-National-Defense-Strategy-Summary.pdf
Muller, K. “The Essence of Coercive Air Power: A Primer for Military Strategies.” Air University, https://www.airuniversity.af.edu/Portals/10/ASPJ/journals/Chronicles/mueller.pdf
Pape, R.A. Bombing to Win: Air Power and Coercion in War, 1st ed. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1996.
Tammen, R.L., Kugler, J. & Lemke, D. “Power Transition Theory.” International Relations, June 27, 2017, DOI: 10.1093/OBO/9780199743292-0038
The White House. “National Security Strategy of the United States of America.” The White House, December 2017, https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/NSS-Final-12-18-2017-0905.pdf
Withers, P. “Integrating Cyber with Air Power in the Second Century of the Royal Air Force.” Medium, March 4, 2019, https://medium.com/raf-caps/integrating-cyber-with-air-power-in-the-second-century-of-the-royal-air-force-bca74b8d42ed
Study Document
Effectiveness Of The War On Drugs
… non-state actors including terrorist organizations and other organized crime syndicates worldwide. Perpetuating the War on Drugs has become fundamental to the political and econ stability of nations around the world, which is why drug policy reform proves particularly thorny in spite of the fact that no research … no research can substantiate its effectiveness. Quite the opposite: the War on Drugs has led to more lives lost, more crime, and more econ and social instability, than drug abuse or addiction has ever caused.
Fear of addiction, and fear of drugs, have become the propaganda fueling … on drugs by pointing out effects on the children of those who are serving time in prison and the reverberations within the global econ (“America is At War,” n.d.). Thus, the literature shows that the War on Drugs is more responsible for breaking apart families and communities … the decriminalization of drugs and……
References
References
ACLU (2020). Against drug prohibition. Retrieved from: https://www.aclu.org/other/against-drug-prohibition " target="_blank" REL="NOFOLLOW">
Study Document
War On Drugs
… non-state actors including terrorist organizations and other organized crime syndicates worldwide. Perpetuating the War on Drugs has become fundamental to the political and econ stability of nations around the world, which is why drug policy reform proves particularly thorny in spite of the fact that no research … no research can substantiate its effectiveness. Quite the opposite: the War on Drugs has led to more lives lost, more crime, and more econ and social instability, than drug abuse or addiction has ever caused.
Fear of addiction, and fear of drugs, have become the propaganda fueling … on drugs by pointing out effects on the children of those who are serving time in prison and the reverberations within the global econ (“America is At War,” n.d.). Thus, the literature shows that the War on Drugs is more responsible for breaking apart families and communities … the decriminalization of drugs and……
References
References
ACLU (2020). Against drug prohibition. Retrieved from: https://www.aclu.org/other/against-drug-prohibition " target="_blank" REL="NOFOLLOW">
Study Document
The FBI Counterproliferation And Weapons Of Mass Destruction
… policy directive aimed at countering biological threats with a focus on infectious illnesses whether such threats were manmade or natural. It was the econ such directive the Administration had issued. The Quadrennial Defense Review in 2010 emphasized on how WMD’s proliferation was a threat to global security. … the general population and defense experts. Agroterrorism, in particular, involves attacking agricultural targets using biological agents. These attacks can have tremendous health and econ effects as has been demonstrated by the outbreaks of “mad cow” and foot-and-mouth diseases in Europe. This is true even in scenarios where … the spread of such diseases is organic and not artificially created. These attacks have the potential to cause a lot of social and econ disruption and lead to the infection of humans…[break]…domestic and international security. Going forward, there is need for a more collaborative effort between all concerned agencies that stresses on consistency……
References
References
Busch, Nathan, and Joyner, Daniel (ed). 2009. “Introduction: Nonproliferation at a Crossroads.” In Combating Weapons of Mass Destruction: The Future of Nonproliferation Policy. Athens, GA: The University of Georgia Press.
Reiss, Mitchell. 2009. “Foreword.” In Combating Weapons of Mass Destruction: The Future of Nonproliferation Policy. Edited by Nathan Busch, and Daniel Joyner. Athens, GA: The University of Georgia Press.
Cameron, Gavin, Pate, Jason & Vogel, Kathleen. (2001). “Planting Fear: How Real is the Threat of Agricultural Terrorism?” Bulletin of Atomic Scientists, 57(5), 38-44.
Jennings, Elain. 2013. U. S. proliferation policy and the campaign against transnational terror: Linking the U.S. non-proliferation regime to homeland security efforts. Master’s Thesis. Naval Postgraduate School.
Levi, Michael. 2009. “On Nuclear Terrorism.” Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press.
Mauroni, Albert. J. 2010. “A Counter-WMD Strategy for the Future.” Parameters, 58-73.
Ogilvie-White, Tanya. 2008. “Facilitating Implementation of Resolution 1540 in South- East Asia, and the South Pacific.” In Implementing Resolution 1540: The Role of Regional Organizations. Edited by Lawrence Scheinman. New York: United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research.
Pilat Joseph F. 2009. “Dealing with Proliferation and Terrorism.” In Combating Weapons of Mass Destruction: The Future of International Nonproliferation Policy, edited by Nathan E. Busch and Daniel H. Joyner. Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press.
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