Financial System Essays (Examples)
Study Document
Impact Of Agency Theory
Agency Theory
Agency theory refers to the relationship with the principle and the agent, where the principle delegates its financial decision making to the agent. In most cases, the agent is the owner/executive of the company while the principle is the shareholder. Challenging … it gives room for agency theory to impact its decision. It impacts the profitability, return on investment, operating expense, shareholder value and other financial performance through influencing the key decision making that goes around these factors. Wells Fargo have a decentralized set up, which gives the autonomy … and other factors are involved while on the other hand, and there can be benefits to that too in the form of improved financial performance. These decisions are also impacted by agency theory. Sometimes, harsh targets and goals are also set to push the employees work in … unrealistic for the employees who had to resort to other……
References
References
Demsetz, R. S. (1997). Agency Problems and Risk Taking at Banks.
Heath, J. (n.d.). Uses and Abuses of Agency Theory. Business Ethics Quarterly.
Kuypers, A. (2011). How is dealt with the agency problem and what is the role of the board of directors in it?
Lumen. (n.d.). Agency and Conflicts of Interests. Lumen. Retrieved from https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-finance/chapter/agency-and-conflicts-of-interest/
Murray, I. (2016, September ). Wells Fargo and the Principle Agent Problem. Competitive Enterprise Institute.
Palia, D. (2007). “Agency Theory in Banking: An Empirical Analysis of Moral Hazard and the Agency Costs of Equity. Banks and Banks System.
Pennsylvania, W. U. (2017, August 08). Wells Fargo: What It Will Take to Clean Up the Mess. Wharton University of Pensylvannia.
Study Document
Understanding The Factors Affecting The Success Of Credit Risk In
… companies and entrepreneurs. In the past decade, there have been dramatic changes concerning the management of risk in the banking industry. Progressively more financial institutions and managers have augmented the focus on the significance of risk management. In delineation, risk management encompasses the practice of identifying, assessing … and influence of disastrous events or to capitalize in the realization of prospects (Gizaw, Kebede, and Selvaraj, 2015).
The power and supremacy of financial establishments, particularly commercial banks, to generate money is of great significance in business operations. These banks operate as financial intermediaries within any economic setting and they are key providers of financial credit to both the corporate and household sectors. Credit risk is basically the likelihood that a borrower in a financial institution or a counterparty will end up failing to meet its obligations in line with the consented terms and conditions. In general, credit … it basically……
References
References
Bhattarai, Y. R. (2016). Effect of credit risk on the performance of Nepalese commercial banks. NRB Economic Review, 28(1), 41-64.
Das, A. and Ghosh, S. (2007). Determinants of Credit Risk in Indian State-owned Banks: An Empirical Investigation. Economic Issues, 12(2): 48-66.
Derelio?lu, G., & Gürgen, F. (2011). Knowledge discovery using neural approach for SME’s credit risk analysis problem in Turkey. Expert Systems with Applications, 38(8), 9313-9318
Garr, D. K. (2013). Determinants of credit risk in the banking industry of Ghana. Developing Country Studies, 3(11), 64-77.
Gizaw, M., Kebede, M., & Selvaraj, S. (2015). The impact of credit risk on profitability performance of commercial banks in Ethiopia. African Journal of Business Management, 9(2), 59-66.
Johnson, B., & Christensen, L. (2008). Educational research: Quantitative, qualitative, and mixed approaches. New York: Sage.
Kithinji, A. M. (2010). Credit risk management and profitability of commercial banks in Kenya. (Doctoral dissertation, University of Nairobi).
Limam, I. (2001). Measuring technical efficiency of Kuwaiti banks. Kuwait: Arab Planning Institute.
Study Document
US Healthcare Reimbursement And Insurance Issues
… It constitutes one means by which individuals in different nations pay for their healthcare needs. When individuals hailing from poor backgrounds without any financial risk protection get sick or injured, they encounter the following difficulty: they may either make use of healthcare services, further impoverishing themselves by … entails out-of-pocket expenses if one gets services outside member organizations or network (Araujo, 2020).
Role of Health Care Providers, Insurers and Integrated Delivery system
Healthcare insurers’ market power is leveraged to obtain price discounts from healthcare organizations and system or providers or for screening out costly providers from the networks. Insured individuals profit from such discounts even if they are paying out … function impact healthcare organizations’ and providers’ negotiating leverage about insurers. For instance, Medicare establishes payment rates using fee schedules, instead of enabling healthcare system to utilize their leverage in the market for driving up charged rates. The ACA……
References
References
Araujo, M. (2020). Health and medical insurance differences: HMO, PPO, POS, EPO. Retrieved from https://www.thebalance.com/health-and-medical-insurance-2645378
Bertram, M. Y., Lauer, J. A., De Joncheere, K. D., Edejer, T., Hutubessy, R., Kieny, M. P., & Hill, S. R. (2016). Cost-effectiveness thresholds: pros and cons. Bull World Health Organ, 94, 925–930. http://dx.doi.org/10.2471/BLT.15.164418926
Dey, P., & Bach, P. B. (2019). The 6 functions of health insurance. The JAMA Forum, 321(13), 1242-1243. DOI:10.1001/jama.2019.2320
Ho, A. (2015). Health insurance. Encyclopedia of Global Bioethics. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/298022702_Health_Insurance
IMedPub. (2020). Health insurance. Retrieved from https://www.imedpub.com/scholarly/health-insurance-journals-articles-ppts-list.php
Maruthappu, M., Hasan, A., & Zeltner, T. (2016). Enablers and barriers in implementing integrated care. Health System & Reform, 1(4), 250-256. https://doi.org/10.1080/23288604.2015.1077301
Sekhri, N. (2000). Managed care: The US experience. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 78(6), 830-844. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/bulletin/archives/78(6)830.pdf
Strata Decision Technology. (2020). Healthcare and hospital capital budget. Retrieved from https://www.stratadecision.com/healthcare-and-hospital-capital-budget/
Study Document
The Rising Cost Of Public Education In United States
… costs (Hess “The Cost of College Increased”).
The three causes for the rise in the cost of public education in the US are financial aids from the government and educational institutes, sticker price and price discrimination, and cost increment due to management issues. The consequences of this … educational institutions both if the family comes out to be defaulter ( Mitchell, Leachman and Saenz 2). Several administrators are added into the system and the bureaucratic system becomes even more complex. To minimize their negative impacts, educational institutes have to further increase their tuition fees. Another reason for increment in … from the institutions.
Opposing Viewpoints
Despite an increase in costs of public educational institutions in the US for which the reasons mainly entail financial aids from the government and educational institutes, price discrimination, and cost increment due to management issues, there are numerous benefits for obtaining high … for……
References
Works Cited
Amour, Madeline. “Report: living expenses, not tuition, are the problem.” Inside Higher Ed, 13 May 2020, https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2020/05/13/living-expenses-are-larger- barrier-students-tuition-report-finds. Accessed 30 Jul. 2020.
Cude, Katherine. The Rising Cost Of Tuition At Four Year Public Universities: A Comparison Of The Explanations Offered By The Academic Literature And University Decision Makers. 2016. University of Vermont, Undergraduate theses. Scholar Works, https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1027&context=castheses
Davidson, Adam. “Is College Tuition Really Too High?” The New York Times Magazine, 8 Sep. 2015, https://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/13/magazine/is-college-tuition-too-high.html . Accessed 30 Jul. 2020.
Desrochers, Donna, and Kirshstein, Rita. Labor Intensive or Labor Expensive? 2014. American Institutes for Research, Delta Cost Project. Lumina Foundation, https://www.luminafoundation.org/files/resources/deltacostair-labor-expensive-higher- education-staffing-brief-feb2014.pdf
Dickler, Jessica. “Why College Tuition Keeps Rising.” CNBC, 24 Oct. 2019, https://www.cnbc.com/2019/10/24/why-college-tuition-keeps-rising.html, Accessed 30 Jul. 2020.
Hemelt, Steven, and Marcotte, Dave. Rising Tuition And Enrollment In Public Higher Education. 2008. IZA, Discussion Paper. IZA, http://ftp.iza.org/dp3827.pdf
Hemelt, Steven, and Marcotte, Dave. “The Impact of Tuition Increases on Enrollment at Public Colleges and Universities.” Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, vol. 33, no. 4, Dec. 2011, pp. 435-457.
Hess, Abigail. “The Cost of College Increased by More Than 25% In the Last 10 Years- Here’s Why.” CNBC, 13 Dec. 2019, https://www.cnbc.com/2019/12/13/cost-of-college- increased-by-more-than-25percent-in-the-last-10-years.html. Accessed 30 Jul. 2020.
Study Document
Theory Practice Of Business Psychology In Johnson & Johnson Company
… also comprehensive in making sure that the employees are given significant benefits, including pension, and retirement benefits, compensation for education expenses, and even financial health (Johnson & Johnson, 2020).
In contrast, motivator factors consist of personal attainment, status, acknowledgment or recognition, promotion, the job itself, and prospects ……
References
References
Asim, M., 2013. Impact of Motivation on Employee Performance with effect of training: Specific to Education Sector of Pakistan. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 3(9), 1-9.
Heneman, H. G., & Schwab, D. P., 1972. Evaluation of research on expectancy theory predictions of employee performance. Psychological Bulletin, 78(1), 1.
Herzberg, F., 1987. One More Time: How Do You Motivate Employees? Harvard Business Review, 65, 5.
Herzberg, F., Mausner, B. & Snyderman, B. 1959. The motivation to work. New York. John Wiley.
Hilgert, R. L., Leonard, E. C., 2001. Supervision: Concepts and practices of management. New York: South-Western College Publication.
Johnson & Johnson., 2020. Wellness 360: 9 Innovative Johnson & Johnson Employee Benefits for Mind, Body, and Budget. Retrieved 25 February 2020 from https://www.jnj.com/health-and-wellness/innovative-employee-benefits-and-wellness-programs-from-johnson-johnson
Johnson & Johnson., 2020. Careers: Healthiest Finances. Retrieved 25 February 2020 from https://www.careers.jnj.com/employee-benefits/financial-benefits .
Johnson & Johnson. , 2018. 2018 Health for Humanity Report: Creating Unique Career Opportunities. Retrieved 25 February 2020 from https://healthforhumanityreport.jnj.com/our-people/creating-unique-career-opportunities
Study Document
Investing Overseas Market Entry Decision Making
… among the most mature and sophisticated in the world. For an American company seeking expansion, they will find that Europe has robust legal system, the opportunity to employ a land and expand strategy, access to capital markets and financial institutions, along with plentiful potential partners or acquisitions in most fields. The member nations of the European Union are sufficiently sophisticated to handle … nations (Girma, 2002).
Sometimes, acquisition of a company in the EU is done mainly to take advantage of shifts within the EU production system – for example taking advantage of lower cost labor markets in the south of the EU but high end technological expertise in the … similar market like the UK or Ireland makes expansion into the EU a viable choice. If all other factors are equal, Europe’s robust financial markets, mature market structures and legal regime all make a strong case for expanding……
References
References
CE Intelligence. (2019) EU – market entry strategies. CE Intelligence.com. Retrieved December 5, 2019 from http://www.ceintelligence.com/content_manager/contentPages/view/eu-market-entry-strategies
Chapman, K. & Edmond, H. (2010) Mergers/acquisitions and restructuring in the EU chemical industry: Patterns and implications. Regional Studies. Vol. 34 (8) 753-767
Conyon, M., Girma, S., Thompson, S. & Wright, P. (2003) The productivity and wage effects of foreign acquisitions in the United Kingdom. The Journal of Industrial Economics. Vol. 50 (1) 85-102.
EF.com (2019) English proficiency index. EF.com. Retrieved December 5, 2019 from https://www.ef.com/wwen/epi/
Export.gov (2019) European Union – market entry strategy. Export.gov. Retrieved December 5, 2019 from https://www.export.gov/article?id=European-union-Market-Entry-Strategy
Girma, S. (2002) The process of European integration and the determinants of entry by non-EU multinationals in UK manufacturing. DOI:10.1111/1467-9957.00305
Girma, S. (2005) Technology transfer from acquisition FDI and the absorptive capacity of domestic firms: An empirical investigation. Open Economies Review. Vol. 16 (2) 175-187.
Lamson, M. (2016) 5 things you need to know before doing business in Europe. Inc. Magazine. Retrieved December 5, 2019 from https://www.inc.com/melissa-lamson/5-things-you-need-to-know-before-doing-business-in-europe.html
Study Document
Violence Prevention Programs
Using Social Media to Build Out Support system
Introduction
Violence prevention programs focus on curtailing forms of violence in society, such as child abuse, domestic violence and sexual assault. These programs … the budget expenses. The program is funded through State and Federal grants and some community-based fundraising. The program is operating at a surplus.
financial, the programs can be seen as operating efficiently. But what about in terms of impact in the community? To understand the actual impact … posits that people are pressured to commit crime by society: they may be unaccepted by others, or they may face severe economic or financial pressures; they may face pressures from family, or from school or from church. They commit crime when the pressure becomes too great and … involved in the programs who might not otherwise have heard about them or have had any interest. The key to building out……
References
References
Altafim, E. R. P., & Linhares, M. B. M. (2016). Universal violence and childmaltreatment prevention programs for parents: A systematic review. Psychosocial Intervention, 25(1), 27-38.
Alternative Paths. (2020). Violence prevention. Retrieved from https://www.alternativepaths.org/services/diversion-programs/violence-prevention-program
Farrell, A. D., Meyer, A. L., Kung, E. M., & Sullivan, T. N. (2001). Development and evaluation of school-based violence prevention programs. Journal of clinical child psychology, 30(2), 207-220.
Johnson, D. W., & Johnson, R. T. (1995). Why violence prevention programs don't work--and what does. Educational Leadership, 52(5), 63-68.
Lee, C., & Wong, J. S. (2020). Examining the effects of teen dating violence prevention programs: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Experimental Criminology, 1-40.
Siegel, L. (2018). Criminology, 7th Ed. Cengage Learning.
Stagg, S. J., & Sheridan, D. (2010). Effectiveness of bullying and violence prevention programs: A systematic review. Aaohn Journal, 58(10), 419-424.
Study Document
HR Strategy And Practice
Specific HR Strategy
Summary
Human resource management (HRM) is an integral part of organizational operations with greater impacts on financial performance. Modern HR strategies and practices have evolved to incorporate strategic HRM. HR strategies are divided into two categories: general HR strategies and … in the increasingly competitive modern business environment. As a result, organizations are increasingly establishing HR strategies that seek to enhance employee productivity and financial performance while lessening employee turnover. This paper examines a specific HR strategy employed by organizations to enhance their productivity and performance.
Strategic Human … people management.
In conclusion, HRM is an important part of the operations of an organization as it relates to people management and influences financial performance and success. As the modern business environment is becoming more competitive, organizations are adopting strategic measures for HR practices. Business organizations develop ……
References
References
Boon, C., Eckardt, R., Lepak, D.P. & Boselie, P. (2017, October 5). Integrating Strategic Human Capital and Strategic Human Resource Management. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 29(1), 34-67.
Boon, C., Hartog, D.N.D. & Lepak, D.P. (2019, January 14). A Systematic Review of Human Resource Management Systems and Their Measurement. Journal of Management, 45(6), 2498-2537.
Richard, O.C. & Johnson, N.B. (2001, March). Strategic Human Resource Management Effectiveness and Firm Performance. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 12(2), 299-310.
Seyyedjavadin, S.R. & Zadeh, M.H. (2009, June). HR Strategy and Its Aligning with Organizational Strategy and Human Capabilities. Iranian Journal of Management Studies, 2(2), 5-29.
Wright, P.M. (2008). Human Resource Strategy – Adapting to the Age of Globalization. Retrieved July 25, 2020, from https://www.shrm.org/hr-today/trends-and-forecasting/special-reports-and-expert-views/Documents/HR-Strategy-Globalization.pdf
Study Document
How Amazon Hedges Its Forex Risk
… tend to be offsetting in terms of costs and revenues, there still foreign currency profits that end up being translated back to Amazon’s financial statements. This creates translational risk for the company. The operating offsets mean that Amazon doesn’t need to utilize hedging strategies, but tactics like … power to bring prices on things like Amazon Basics down. The transparency of comparing pricing across similar products is also built into the system, so that there is a quasi-auction feel to the pricing – a vendor can easily see if its products are priced competitively, should … be curious about sales levels. There are more tricks and subtleties to Amazon’s pricing, but cost-plus is at the core of the pricing system. Because so many consumers search Amazon first, there is less need for Amazon to take market considerations into account, except with high volume … are set in local currency,……
References
References
Amazon 2019 Annual Report. Retrieved April 29, 2020 from https://s2.q4cdn.com/299287126/files/doc_financials/2020/ar/2019-Annual-Report.pdf
HowMuch.net (2019) Charting the most powerful reserve currencies in the world. HowMuch.net. Retrieved April 29, 2020 from https://howmuch.net/articles/worlds-top-reserve-currencies-2019
Mehta, N., Detroja, P. & Agashe, A. (2018) Amazon changes prices on its products about every 10 minutes – here’s how and why they do it. Business Insider. Retrieved April 29, 2020 from https://www.businessinsider.com/amazon-price-changes-2018-8
Reiff, N. (2020) Hedge. Investopedia. Retrieved April 29, 2020 from https://www.investopedia.com/terms/h/hedge.asp
Roamy (2019) The consequences of Amazon’s pricing power. Medium.com. Retrieved April 29, 2020 from https://medium.com/goods-services/https-medium-com-goods-services-amazons-pricing-power-797e28b63fbd
Statista (2019) Annual net sales of Amazon in selected leading markets from 2014 to 2019. Statista. Retrieved April 29, 2020 from https://www.statista.com/statistics/672782/net-sales-of-amazon-leading-markets/
Study Document
Healthcare Advocacy For The Elderly
… touch on the inability to pay for care or the isolation they suffer by being marginalized and victims of ageism, and so on. financial issues, transportation issues, depression and withdrawal are all risks that the elderly face—and making those risks known to the public is what can … rest of society.
When the advocate shifts from the community to the business setting, the temptation is to be more concerned about the financial side of things—i.e., whether the organization is meeting its own financial needs, whether the financial needs of the vulnerable population are being met, how the organization will acquire funding and so on. What has to be remembered is … being met, how the organization will acquire funding and so on. What has to be remembered is that there is more than just financial considerations in advocacy work. The advocate also has to be mindful of the emotional……
References
References
Brojeni, S. A., Ilali, E. S., Taraghi, Z., & Mousavinasab, N. (2019). Lifestyle and its related factors in elderly. Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Sciences, 6(1), 32.
Community Health Advocates. (2015). Helping New Yorkers get, keep, and use health coverage. Retrieved from: http://www.cssny.org/programs/entry/community-health-advocates
Davoodvand, S., Abbaszadeh, A., & Ahmadi, F. (2016). Patient advocacy from the clinical nurses' viewpoint: A qualitative study. Journal of Medical Ethics & History of Medicine, 9(5), 1-8.
Maryland, M. A., & Gonzalez, R. I. (2012). Patient advocacy in the community and legislative arena. Online Journal of Issues in Nursing, 17(1), 2.
Stainton, H. (2016). Horizon to fund new NJ healthcare advocacy organization. News, Issues, andIinsight for New Jersey. Retrieved from: http://www.njspotlight.com/stories/16/11/21/horizon-to-fund-new-nj-healthcare-advocacy-organization/
Yamada, T., Chen, C. C., Murata, C., Hirai, H., Ojima, T., & Kondo, K. (2015). Access disparity and health inequality of the elderly: unmet needs and delayed healthcare. International journal of environmental research and public health, 12(2), 1745-1772.
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