Financial Reporting Essays (Examples)
Study Document
Agency Theory
… as hard and with determination as the owner would, bearing in mind that the manager does not have any direct shares in the financial results of the company (Tearney and Dodd, 2009).
As a result, this could give rise to agency problems for the reason that this … explaining three important ways in which agency theory might impact decisions made in a company in relation to the recording and presentation of financial information.
Agency Theory & Decision-Making in Accounting
There are important ways in which agency theory might have an effect on decisions that are … which agency theory might have an effect on decisions that are made by a company in association with the recording and presenting of financial data and information. These ways include moral hazard, adverse selection, and information asymmetry.
Moral Hazard
Moral hazard alludes to the agent’s conceivable lack … substantial use of stock options,……
References
References
Ballwieser, W., Bamberg, G., Beckmann, M. J., Bester, H., Blickle, M., Ewert, R., ... & Gaynor, M. (2012). Agency theory, information, and incentives. Springer Science & Business Media.
Bou?ková, M. (2015). Management accounting and agency theory. Procedia Economics and Finance, 25, 5-13.
Eisenhardt, K. M. (1989). Agency theory: An assessment and review. Academy of management review, 14(1), 57-74.
Healy, P. M. (2005). Financial Reporting Problems at Molex, Inc.(A). Harvard Business School.
Larcker, D. F., & Tayan, B. (2007). Executive Compensation at Nabors Industries: Too Much, Too Little, or Just Right?. Rock Center for Corporate Governance at Stanford University Case Teaching No. CG-05.
Mitnick, B. M. (2015). Agency theory. Wiley encyclopedia of management, 1-6.
Scott, W. R., & O\\\\\\'Brien, P. C. (2003). Financial accounting theory (Vol. 3). Toronto: Prentice Hall.
Tearney, M. G., & Dodd, J. (2009). Accounting theory. H. I. Wolk (Ed.). New York: Sage.
Study Document
Globalization Of Insurance
… even regulation that impacts publicly traded companies impacts insurance companies and their investments because investors are watching the S&P and looking at the financial statements of companies, too—and their actions will determine where the market prices these companies’ shares, which in turn impacts the investments of insurance … the regulatory agencies tasked with overseeing these markets and the rules that are meant to govern them in their practices of accounting and reporting. The financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) and the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) are two examples of regulatory bodies tasked with overseeing accounting…[break]…just that. The … role that AIG played in setting off the U.S. economic crisis in 2008 has not gone unnoticed. Insurance companies are not only insuring financial products—they are also buying them. So it matters to insurance companies a great deal what is going on in the global market. The ……
References
References
Egan, M. (2018). Tax cut triggers $437 billion explosion of stock buybacks. Retrieved from https://money.cnn.com/2018/07/10/investing/stock-buybacks-record-tax-cuts/index.html
Flegm, E. H. (2008). The Need for Reliability in Accounting. Why historical cost is more reliable than fair value. Journal of Accountancy, 205(5), 34.
Healy, P. M., Palepu, K., & Serafeim, G. (2009). Subprime Crisis and Fair-Value Accounting. HBS Case, (109-031).
Laux, C., & Leuz, C. (2010). Did fair-value accounting contribute to the financial crisis?. Journal of economic perspectives, 24(1), 93-118.
Light, L. (2019). More than Half of All Stock Buybacks are Now Financed by Debt. Here’s Why That’s a Problem. Retrieved from https://fortune.com/2019/08/20/stock-buybacks-debt-financed/
Reda, J. (2018). How Stock Buybacks Can Affect Executive Compensation. Retrieved from http://clsbluesky.law.columbia.edu/2018/08/03/how-stock-buybacks-can-affect-executive-compensation/
Young, M. R., (2008). Both sides make good points. Journal of Accountancy, 205(5), 34.
Vaughan, E. J., & Vaughan T. M., (2013). Fundamentals of Risk and Insurance, 11th Edition.
Study Document
Elder Abuse
… Is Known About Elder Abuse
Elder abuse occurs at an alarming rate: around one million incidences a year and perhaps more due to under-reporting and inconsistencies in defining what constitutes elder abuse (Falk, Baigis, Kopac, et al., 2012). Roberto (2016) estimates as many as one in every … abuse and certain instances can be considered unequivocal (Saghafi, Bahramnezhad, Poormollamirza, et al., 2019).
Some types of abuse may go undetected, such as financial abuse or identity theft, which could go unnoticed for years. Healthcare workers often feel powerless to intervene in instances of financial abuse perpetrated by family members because of the fact that the family members are also primary caregivers, and there may also be little … caregivers, and other elders in assisted living/nursing home communities, not much is known about elder abuse because there are no established means of reporting it or assessing for risk factors (Lachs, Teresi,……
References
References
Falk, N. L., Baigis, J., Kopac, C., (August 14, 2012) \\\\\\\\\\\\"Elder Mistreatment and the Elder Justice Act\\\\\\\\\\\\" OJIN: The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing 17(3).
Forum on Global Violence Prevention; Board on Global Health; Institute of Medicine; National Research Council (2014). Ethical considerations. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 2014 Mar 18.
Lacher, S., Wettstein, A., Senn, O., et al. (2016). Types of abuse and risk factors associated with elder abuse. Swiss Medical Weekly 2016(146): 1-10.
Lachs, M.S., Teresi, J.A., Ramirez, M., et al. (2016). The prevalence of ersident-to-resident elder mistreatment in nursing homes. Annals of Internal Medicine 165(4):229-236.
Malmedal, W., Iversen, M.H. & Kilvik, A. (2014). Sexual abuse of older nursing home residents: A literature review. Nursing Research and Practice 2015(Article 902515): http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/902515
Roberto, K.A. (2016). The complexities of elder abuse. American Psychologist 71(4): 302-311.
Saghafi, A., Bahramnezhad, F., Poormollamirza, A., et al. (2019). Examining the ethical challenges in managing elder abuse: a systematic review. Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine 2019(12): https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6642445/
Wangmo, T., Nordstrom, K. & Kressig, R.W. (2017). Preventing elder abuse and neglect in geriatric institutions: Solutions from nursing care providers. Geriatric Nursing 38(5): 385-392.
Study Document
Self Regulation Proposal
… 2008). Omarova (2011) describes the problematic nature of third-party regulation best in our industry: “Given the complexity and global nature of the modern financial market, any government's attempt to regulate it in a purely unilateral command-and-control manner will inevitably encounter the fundamental problem of regulatory arbitrage, whereby … market, any government's attempt to regulate it in a purely unilateral command-and-control manner will inevitably encounter the fundamental problem of regulatory arbitrage, whereby financial institutions find new ways to get around government rules, thus creating a never-ending spiral of rulemaking and rule evading” (Omarova, 2011, p. 416). … in many cases these fines do not cover the losses caused by the offending firm’s actions—nor are they more than a wrist-slap in financial terms (Greene & Odorski, 2015). The Fair Funds provision of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (2002) was meant to ensure that fines were placed into … honor the code that the……
References
References
Arner, D. W., Barberis, J., & Buckey, R. P. (2016). FinTech, RegTech, and the reconceptualization of financial regulation. Nw. J. Int'l L. & Bus., 37, 371.
Arnone, M., & Padoan, P. C. (2008). Anti-money laundering by international institutions: a preliminary assessment. European Journal of Law and Economics, 26(3), 361-386.
Greene, E., & Odorski, C. (2015). SEC enforcement in the financial sector: addressing
Omarova, S. T. (2010). Rethinking the future of self-regulation in the financial industry. Brook. J. Int'l L., 35, 665.post-crisis criticism. Bus. L. Int'l, 16, 5.
Omarova, S. T. (2011). Wall street as community of fate: Toward financial industry self-regulation. University of Pennsylvania Law Review, 159(2), 411-492.
Pritchard, A. C. (2003). Self-regulation and securities markets. Regulation, 26, 32.
Study Document
How Amazon Hedges Its Forex Risk
… tend to be offsetting in terms of costs and revenues, there still foreign currency profits that end up being translated back to Amazon’s financial statements. This creates translational risk for the company. The operating offsets mean that Amazon doesn’t need to utilize hedging strategies, but tactics like … are set in local currency, as well, but the frequent changes may take into account foreign currency fluctuations in some situations.
On its financial statements, Amazon reports in…[break]…but operates across 58 international markets, and these markets typically use foreign currencies. The largest of these markets also happen ……
References
References
Amazon 2019 Annual Report. Retrieved April 29, 2020 from https://s2.q4cdn.com/299287126/files/doc_financials/2020/ar/2019-Annual-Report.pdf
HowMuch.net (2019) Charting the most powerful reserve currencies in the world. HowMuch.net. Retrieved April 29, 2020 from https://howmuch.net/articles/worlds-top-reserve-currencies-2019
Mehta, N., Detroja, P. & Agashe, A. (2018) Amazon changes prices on its products about every 10 minutes – here’s how and why they do it. Business Insider. Retrieved April 29, 2020 from https://www.businessinsider.com/amazon-price-changes-2018-8
Reiff, N. (2020) Hedge. Investopedia. Retrieved April 29, 2020 from https://www.investopedia.com/terms/h/hedge.asp
Roamy (2019) The consequences of Amazon’s pricing power. Medium.com. Retrieved April 29, 2020 from https://medium.com/goods-services/https-medium-com-goods-services-amazons-pricing-power-797e28b63fbd
Statista (2019) Annual net sales of Amazon in selected leading markets from 2014 to 2019. Statista. Retrieved April 29, 2020 from https://www.statista.com/statistics/672782/net-sales-of-amazon-leading-markets/
Study Document
White Collar Criminal
… from through and through: they lack the internal controls for preventing fraud from occurring and they lack the audit team to catch bad reporting from lower down in the company. They do not report to law enforcement when a crime takes place and the keep the cycle ……
References
References
Association of Certified Fraud Examiners. (2010). Who is Most Likely to Commit Fraud at Your Company? Retrieved from https://www.acfe.com/press-release.aspx?id=1677
Friedrichs, D. (2009). Trusted Criminals: White Collar Crime In Contemporary Society. Cengage Learning.
US Attorney’s Office. (2019). Attorney Convicted of Embezzling Over $1.5 Million from Virginia Senator, Canadian Business, and Autism Organization. Retrieved from https://www.justice.gov/usao-edva/pr/attorney-convicted-embezzling-over-15-million-virginia-senator-canadian-business-and-0
Study Document
Cyber Crime IT Security Auditing
… analyzed; (3) performance of audit tests – a broad examination of current security standards, policies, technical tests, or security configurations; (4) audit outcome reporting – presenting the existing security environment in the organization; (5) safeguarding of audit instruments and information – ensuring the safety of audit instruments ……
References
References
Almatari, O. and Helal, I., and Mazen, S., and El Hennawy, S. (2018). \\\\\\"Cybersecurity Tools for IS Auditing.\\\\\\" The 6th International Conference on Enterprise Systems, At Limassol, Cyprus 10.1109/ES.2018.00040.
Davis, W. S., & Yen, D. C. (Eds.). (2019). The information system consultant\\\\\\'s handbook: Systems analysis and design. CRC press.
Diamantopoulou, V., Tsohou, A., & Karyda, M. (2019). From ISO/IEC 27002: 2013 Information Security Controls to Personal Data Protection Controls: Guidelines for GDPR Compliance. In Computer Security (pp. 238-257). Springer, Cham.
Khan, M. (2017). Computer security in the human life. International Journal of Computer Science and Engineering (IJCSE), 6(1), 35-42.
Lenghel, R. D., & Vlad, M. P. (2017). INFORMATION SYSTEMS AUDITING. Quaestus, (11), 178.
Manaseer, S., & Alawneh, A. (2019). ON CYBERSECURITY AUDITING AWARENESS: CASE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY SECTOR. International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security (IJCSIS), 17(7).
Suduc, A. M., Bîzoi, M., & Filip, F. G. (2010). Audit for information systems security. Informatica Economica, 14(1), 43.
Study Document
Recruiting And Managing Volunteers For Social Impact Organizations
… out to the target group with the message, information and services required; providing access to the target group, and fundraising to supply the financial capital. Key resources will include communication resources, funding operations resources, human resources, infrastructural resources, and mobile resources, who would supply the human and … And the mission achievement factors would consist of the variables that must be addressed in order for the organization to reach its goals. financial, human, intellectual, social, and political capital are all required.
Conclusion
Volunteers are essential elements of the social impact organization and should be treated ……
References
References
The Economist. (2011). Wikipedia’s fundraising, free but not easy. Retrieved from http://www.economist.com/node/21536580
Eisner, D., Grimm Jr, R. T., Maynard, S., & Washburn, S. (2009). The new volunteer workforce. Stanford Social Innovation Review, 7(1), 32-37.
Georgetown University Alumni Career Services. (2016). Effective Volunteer Recruitment & Management Strategies for Non-Profits. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a6h4Pk47ymE#action=share
Hager, M.A., & Brudney, J.L. (2004). Volunteer management practices and retention of volunteers. Retrieved from http://www.urban.org/uploadedpdf/411005_volunteermanagement.pdf
Screwvala, T. (2018). How Volunteering can help Change the World. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uGtFvOSmZ8A#action=share
Smith, D. H. (1994). Determinants of voluntary association participation and volunteering: A literature review. Nonprofit and voluntary sector quarterly, 23(3), 243-263.
US Department of Health and Human Services. (2005). Successful Strategies for Recruiting, Training, and Utilizing Volunteers. Retrieved from https://www.samhsa.gov/sites/default/files/volunteer_handbook.pdf
Study Document
Governments Procurement Methods In Integrated Public Service
… The contract is weaved around a specific project and points out operational, clinical service standards that the private organization should meet and the financial obligations.
In the arrangement, the government will keep its role in paying for healthcare services. In some situations, the government will not make … the timely…[break]…the same instead. They will be managers in the partnership and buyers of the infrastructure and service provided. To ensure success, sufficient financial and workforce resources must be pumped into the project.
The capability of the private and public sectors to develop a partnership arrangement that … assets, for the benefit of the public, and redevelopment initiatives. The partnerships utilize the experience and expertise of the private sector, including the financial resources, to achieve goals for the public sector. PPPs are complex, though. Thus, different communities and stakeholders approach them with varying concerns and ……
References
Bibliography
Duff, V. (2020). What is organizational integration? Retrieved from https://smallbusiness.chron.com/organizational-integration-82053.html
Friedman, S. (2016). Successful public/private partnerships from principles to practices. Washington, DC: Urban Land Institute.
Ma, L., Li, J., Jin, R., &Ke, Y. (2019). A holistic review of public-private partnership literature published between 2008 and 2018. Advances in Civil Engineering. Retrieved from http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/ace/2019/7094653.pdf
PrivacySense. (2016). Public sector. Retrieved from http://www.privacysense.net/terms/public-sector/
Reddy, C. (2016). Staff training: Importance, benefits, advantages, and disadvantages. Retrieved from https://content.wisestep.com/staff-training-importance-benefits-advantages-disadvantages/
Sekhri, N., Feachem, R., & Ni, A. (2011). Public-private integrated partnerships demonstrate the potential to improve health care access, quality, and efficiency. Health Affairs, 30(8).
Study Document
Hand Hygiene And Infection In Hospitals
… HAIs is part of the nationwide health agenda. There is also the recommendation of structural reforms, handing authority to infection control commissions, augmenting financial and material resources, and reinforcing the information and reporting system. Secondly, there is the recommendation that significant advancements in controlling HAIs could be attained if healthcare providers were incentivized to abide by ……
References
References
Joshi, S. C., Diwan, V., Tamhankar, A. J., Joshi, R., Shah, H., Sharma, M., ... & Lundborg, C. S. (2012). Qualitative study on perceptions of hand hygiene among hospital staff in a rural teaching hospital in India. Journal of Hospital Infection, 80(4), 340-344.
Tan Jr, A. K., & Jeffrey Olivo, B. S. (2015). Assessing healthcare associated infections and hand hygiene perceptions amongst healthcare professionals. International Journal of Caring Sciences, 8(1), 108.
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