European Essays (Examples)
Study Document
The Modern World Of Autonomy Vs Heteronomy
...European Introduction
In the world today, information societies, all referred to as digital or postindustrial societies, are among the latest developments and are mainly founded on the generation of services and information. Information societies are powered by digital technology, and high-tech organizations like Microsoft, RIM, and Apple are its version of steel and railroad production companies. Given that the information societies’ economy is steered by knowledge, great power lies among those in control of the production, storage, and distribution of information (Steiner and Stewart, 527). Social classes are subdivided by peoples’ access to an education, because without any communication and technical skills, individuals part of an information society do not have any means to succeed.
Theoretical perspectives on modern society
Whereas several sociologists have conducted various research on social and society interactions, Max Weber and Karl Max established different theoretical strategies to assist us in understanding the development and growth of……
References
Works cited
Gerth, H. H., and C. Wright Mills. \\\\\\\\\\\\"Politics as a Vocation.\\\\\\\\\\\\" From Max Weber: Essays in Sociology (1946): 77-128.
Little, William. “Chapter 4. Society and Modern Life.” Introduction to Sociology – 2nd Canadian Edition. (n.d.). Web.
Lumen Learning. “Theoretical Perspectives on Society.” Society and Social Interaction. (n.d.). Web.
Marx, Karl, and Friedrich Engels. \\\\\\\\\\\\"The Communist Manifesto.\\\\\\\\\\\\" Selected Works bu Karl Marx and Frederick Engels. Neu York: International Publishers 1363 (1848). 108-127.
Marx, Karl. \\\\\\\\\\\\"Economic and philosophical manuscripts.\\\\\\\\\\\\" Early writings 333 (1844) 75–112.
Marx, Karl. Grundrisse: Foundations of the critique of political economy. Penguin UK, 2005. 82-111.
Steiner, Pierre, and John Stewart. \\\\\\\\\\\\"From autonomy to heteronomy (and back): The enaction of social life.\\\\\\\\\\\\" Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences 8.4 (2009): 527.
Weber, Max. The protestant ethic and the spirit of capitalism. New Introduction and Translation by Stephen Kalberg. ROXBURY PUBLISHING COMPANY, 2001. 13-37
Study Document
Program Logic Model
...European 1) What social problem did the program seek to address?
The social problem that the program sought to address was the need to reduce risky sexual behaviors among teenage youths. Risky sexual behavior is common among teens (Chapin, 2001) and programs that focus on educating teens about reducing risks associated with sex can be a way to address the issue (Walsh-Buhi et al., 2016). However, there is a need to understand teens’ perspective and for adults to be able to relate to what teens are going through in order to help convey the message about risk (Kerpelman, McElwain, Pittman & Adler-Baeder, 2016). For that reason, the program aimed to find a way to help bridge the gap between adult educators and youths and the idea of using young parents as peer educators to talk to teens about sex and preventing teen pregnancy was the focus of the program in the……
References
References
Bandura, A. (2018). Toward a psychology of human agency: Pathways and reflections. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 13(2), 130-136.
Bickel, R., Weaver, S., Williams, T., & Lange, L. (1997). Opportunity, community, and teen pregnancy in an Appalachian state. The Journal of Educational Research, 90(3), 175-181.
Chapin, J. (2001). It won't happen to me: The role of optimistic bias in African American teens' risky sexual practices. Howard Journal of Communication, 12(1), 49-59.
Damon, W. (1984). Peer education: The untapped potential. Journal of applied developmental psychology, 5(4), 331-343.
Kerpelman, J. L., McElwain, A. D., Pittman, J. F., & Adler-Baeder, F. M. (2016). Engagement in risky sexual behavior: Adolescents’ perceptions of self and the parent–child relationship matter. Youth & Society, 48(1), 101-125.
Sciolla, A., Ziajko, L. A., & Salguero, M. L. (2010). Sexual health competence of international medical graduate psychiatric residents in the United States. Academic Psychiatry, 34(5), 361-368.
Stakic, S., Zielony, R., Bodiroza, A., & Kimzeke, G. (2003). Peer education within a frame of theories and models of behaviour change. Entre Nous: The European Magazine for Sexual and Reproductive Health, 56, 4-6.
Walsh-Buhi, E. R., Marhefka, S. L., Wang, W., Debate, R., Perrin, K., Singleton, A., ... & Ziemba, R. (2016). The impact of the Teen Outreach Program on sexual intentions and behaviors. Journal of Adolescent Health, 59(3), 283-290.
Study Document
Privacy In Social Networks Regarding Machine Learning
...European Abstract
This paper discusses the issue of privacy in social networks with respect to advances in machine learning. It shows how machine learning protocols have been developed both to enhance and secure privacy as well as to invade privacy and collect, analyze, predict data based on users’ information and experience online. The conflict between these two directions in machine learning is likely to lead to a system wherein machine learning algorithms are actively engaged in the subversion of one another, with one attempting to conceal data and the other attempting to uncover it. This paper concludes with recommendations for social networks and the issue of privacy regarding machine learning.
Introduction
Social networks have allowed an ocean of personal data to form that is now sitting there waiting for machine learning algorithms to collect it, analyze it, and recognize individuals on social media (Oh, Benenson, Fritz & Schiele, 2016). Machine learning……
References
References
Balle, B., Gascón, A., Ohrimenko, O., Raykova, M., Schoppmmann, P., & Troncoso, C. (2019, November). PPML\\\\\\\\\\\\'19: Privacy Preserving Machine Learning. In Proceedings of the 2019 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security (pp. 2717-2718). ACM.
Bilogrevic, I., Huguenin, K., Agir, B., Jadliwala, M., Gazaki, M., & Hubaux, J. P. (2016). A machine-learning based approach to privacy-aware information-sharing in mobile social networks. Pervasive and Mobile Computing, 25, 125-142.
Bonawitz, K., Ivanov, V., Kreuter, B., Marcedone, A., McMahan, H. B., Patel, S., ... & Seth, K. (2017, October). Practical secure aggregation for privacy-preserving machine learning. In Proceedings of the 2017 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security (pp. 1175-1191). ACM.
Hunt, T., Song, C., Shokri, R., Shmatikov, V., & Witchel, E. (2018). Chiron: Privacy-preserving machine learning as a service. arXiv preprint arXiv:1803.05961.
Lindsey, N. (2019). New Research Study Shows That Social Media Privacy Might Not Be Possible. Retrieved from https://www.cpomagazine.com/data-privacy/new-research-study-shows-that-social-media-privacy-might-not-be-possible/
Mohassel, P., & Zhang, Y. (2017, May). Secureml: A system for scalable privacy-preserving machine learning. In 2017 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (SP) (pp. 19-38). IEEE.
Mooney, S. J., & Pejaver, V. (2018). Big data in public health: terminology, machine learning, and privacy. Annual review of public health, 39, 95-112.
Oh, S. J., Benenson, R., Fritz, M., & Schiele, B. (2016, October). Faceless person recognition: Privacy implications in social media. In European Conference on Computer Vision (pp. 19-35). Springer, Cham.
Study Document
Global Transformations And The Human Condition Global Lives Of Things
… were a total estimated amount of US$ 31 billion in the 2018 fiscal year. In regard to the different continents, nations within the European region consumed the greatest value of imported coffee with almost 59 percent of the global total. They were followed by North American nations ……
References
References
Bhupathiraju, S. N., Pan, A., Manson, J. E., Willett, W. C., van Dam, R. M., & Hu, F. B. (2014). Changes in coffee intake and subsequent risk of type 2 diabetes: three large cohorts of US men and women. Diabetologia, 57(7), 1346-1354.
Cadden, I. S. H., Partovi, N., & Yoshida, E. M. (2007). Possible beneficial effects of coffee on liver disease and function. Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics, 26(1), 1-8.
D’Costa, K. (2011). The Culture of Coffee Drinkers. Scientific American.
Einstein, E. (2019). The Health Benefits of Coffee: How does drinking coffee help your body and your brain? Scientific American.
Lucas, M., Mirzaei, F., Pan, A., Okereke, O. I., Willett, W. C., O’Reilly, É. J., ... & Ascherio, A. (2011). Coffee, caffeine, and risk of depression among women. Archives of internal medicine, 171(17), 1571-1578.
Ponte, S. (2002). The latte revolution? Regulation, markets and consumption in the global coffee chain. World development, 30(7), 1099-1122.
Rudeen, K. (2018). The History of Coffee and its Concurrent Marketing Strategies. Scholars Archive.
Samoggia, A., & Riedel, B. (2019). Consumers’ Perceptions of Coffee Health Benefits and Motives for Coffee Consumption and Purchasing. Nutrients, 11(3), 653.
Study Document
Homeless Population And Health Disparities
… for the health disparities to be removed, there is a need to deal with the big problem itself and that is homelessness.
In European states, the development of housing solutions for the homeless have resulted in the development of social and welfare states with affordable social housing ……
References
References
Andaya, A. (2016). Understanding the Causes Health Disparities among the Homeless. UC Merced Undergraduate Research Journal, 9(1).
Fajardo-Bullón, F., Esnaola, I., Anderson, I., & Benjaminsen, L. (2019). Homelessness and self-rated health: evidence from a national survey of homeless people in Spain. BMC public health, 19(1), 1081.
Koh, H. K., & O’Connell, J. J. (2016). Improving health care for homeless people. Jama, 316(24), 2586-2587.
Plumb J. D. (2000). Homelessness: reducing health disparities. CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l\\\\\\'Association medicale canadienne, 163(2), 172–173.
Study Document
Globalization Of Insurance
...European While the U.S. enjoys the largest insurance market, U.S. companies no longer own the majority of the insurance market share in the country. Foreign companies do with 74% (Vaughan & Vaughan, 2013). This goes to show the extent to which foreign companies have grown in the insurance industry thanks to the globalization of insurance but also to the spread of wealth throughout the world. Insurance companies and finance go together as the former depends upon the latter for return on investment (ROI). Part of the problem with the globalization of insurance is that everything has been globalized—right down to investable markets. Since 2008, central banks around the world have lowered rates to the point that it is impossible for insurance funds to obtain a targeted ROI without investing in risk assets. Likewise, regulatory bodies have gone global as well with organizations like the Common Framework for the Supervision of Internationally……
References
References
Egan, M. (2018). Tax cut triggers $437 billion explosion of stock buybacks. Retrieved from https://money.cnn.com/2018/07/10/investing/stock-buybacks-record-tax-cuts/index.html
Flegm, E. H. (2008). The Need for Reliability in Accounting. Why historical cost is more reliable than fair value. Journal of Accountancy, 205(5), 34.
Healy, P. M., Palepu, K., & Serafeim, G. (2009). Subprime Crisis and Fair-Value Accounting. HBS Case, (109-031).
Laux, C., & Leuz, C. (2010). Did fair-value accounting contribute to the financial crisis?. Journal of economic perspectives, 24(1), 93-118.
Light, L. (2019). More than Half of All Stock Buybacks are Now Financed by Debt. Here’s Why That’s a Problem. Retrieved from https://fortune.com/2019/08/20/stock-buybacks-debt-financed/
Reda, J. (2018). How Stock Buybacks Can Affect Executive Compensation. Retrieved from http://clsbluesky.law.columbia.edu/2018/08/03/how-stock-buybacks-can-affect-executive-compensation/
Young, M. R., (2008). Both sides make good points. Journal of Accountancy, 205(5), 34.
Vaughan, E. J., & Vaughan T. M., (2013). Fundamentals of Risk and Insurance, 11th Edition.
Study Document
The Character Of Polonius In Hamlet
...European Polonius: A Literature Review
As chief counselor to the king of Denmark, Polonius plays an important and nefarious role in Shakespeare’s Hamlet—yet his words are often quoted out of context and it is Polonius, the spying, lying, manipulating old fool of a father and counselor who gives one of Shakespeare’s most memorable lines: “To thine own self be true!” (Shakespeare 1.3.564). Polonius shows of course that it matters not if one is being true to one’s self because the self is a chameleon that shifts and changes depending on the environment: Polonius adapts his character to the situation, as does Hamlet, Ophelia, Claudius, Rosencrantz and Guildenstern and so on (Wilson; Landy). Horatio is one of the few characters who consistently expresses himself from scene to scene; the others attempt to deceive regularly, and deceive themselves throughout. Instead of being true to God or to others, Polonius’s counsel is essentially a……
References
Works Cited
Cox, Roger L. Between earth and heaven: Shakespeare, Dostoevsky, and the meaning of Christian tragedy. Holt McDougal, 1969.
Di, Poona Mtrive. \\\\\\"Unraveling Hamlet’s Spiritual and Sexual Journeys: An Inter- critical Detour via the Gita and Gandhi.\\\\\\" Shakespeare’s Asian Journeys. Routledge, 2016. 75-86.
Farahmandfar, Masoud, and Gholamreza Samigorganroodi. \\\\\\"\\\\\\" To Thine Own Self Be True\\\\\\": Existentialism in Hamlet and The Blind Owl.\\\\\\" International Journal of Comparative Literature and Translation Studies 3.2 (2015): 25-31.
Felce, Ian. \\\\\\"In Search of Amlóða saga: The Saga of Hamlet the Icelander.\\\\\\" Studies in the Transmission and Reception of Old Norse Literature: The Hyperborean Muse in European Culture. Edited by Judy Quinn and Adele Cipolla (2016): 101-22.
Hadfield, Andrew. \\\\\\"Jonson and Shakespeare in an Age of Lying.\\\\\\" Ben Jonson Journal 23.1 (2016): 52-74.
Landy, Joshua. \\\\\\"To Thine Own Selves Be True-ish.\\\\\\" Shakespeare\\\\\\'s Hamlet: Philosophical Perspectives (2017): 154.
Wilson, Jeffrey R. What Shakespeare Says About Sending Our Children Off to College. No. 402071. 2016. https://www.aaup.org/article/what-shakespeare-says-about-sending-our-children-college
Study Document
Effect Of Training And Re Education On Employee Performance
...European In the present day intensely competitive marketplace, businesses must incessantly enhance the level of quality of their products and services in order to gain competitive advantages. Corporations have to attain and capitalize on their resources in an efficacious manner. As a result, it is of the best interest for the corporations to improve the job performances of their staff by carrying out training and education as one of the fundamental measures to increase productivity. Training and education is a significant component in human resource growth and development for enhancement of performance and organizational efficacy. In addition, training and education is a wide ranging aspect necessitated to attain most output and productivity from the human assets as it is utilized to enhance or increase activity that is linked with general performance requirements of the staff and the organization in its entirety.
The main objective of the research is to determine whether……
References
References
Becker, B. E., Huselid, M. A., & Beatty, R. W. (2009). The differentiated workforce: Translating talent into strategic impact. Harvard Business Press.
Brayfield, A.H. and Crockett, W.H. (1955). Employee attitudes and employee performance. Psychological bulletin, 52(5), p.396.
Dessler, G. and Varrkey, B. (2005). Human Resource Management, 15e. India: Pearson Education India.
Falola, H.O., Osibanjo, A.O. and Ojo, I.S. (2014). Effectiveness of training and development on employees' performance and organisation competitiveness in the nigerian banking industry. Bulletin of the Transilvania University of bra?ov, 7(1), p.161.
Halidu, S.G. (2015). The Impact of Training and Development on Workers’ Productivity. Review Public Administration Management, 3(160).
Keep, E. (2014). Corporate training strategies: the vital component? New Perspectives, pp.109-125.
Kothari, C. R. (2004). Research methodology: Methods and techniques. New Age International.
Lussier, R. N. (2010). Human relations in organizations: Applications and skill building. McGraw-Hill.
Study Document
Amazon S Code Of Ethics
… the stringent conditions under which they are expected to work. Amazon being an American company is likely not of the same culture that Europeans are used to, so what works in America in terms of the workplace culture is not necessarily going to work in Germany. Thus, ……
References
References
Amazon Code of Ethics. (2019). Retrieved from https://ir.aboutamazon.com/corporate-governance/documents-charters/code-business-conduct-and-ethics?c=97664&p=irol-govConduct
Amazon Sustainability. (2019). Retrieved from https://www.aboutamazon.com/sustainability
Study Document
Walmart And Starbucks Sustainability
… two. Both the companies being studied are American, but Starbucks is more international in nature, and has a lot of stores in different European countries. Ultimately, what CSR is and how it is implemented at the corporate level is defined by the differences in local cultural perceptions. ……
References
References
Aguilera, R, Rupp, D., Williams, C. & Ganapathi, J. (2005) Putting the S back in corporate social responsibility: A multi-level theory of social change in organizations. Academy of Management Review. (2005). Retrieved November 4, 2017 from https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/bitstream/handle/2142/1768/TS_Aguilera.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=y
Banerjee, S. (2008) Corporate social responsibility: the good, bad and the ugly. Critical Sociology. Vol. 34 (1)
Blowfield, M., Frynas, J. (2005) Editorial setting new agendas: Critical perspectives on corporate social responsibility in the developing world. International Affairs. Vol. 81 (3) 499-513.
Brammer, S., Jackson, G. & Matten, D. (2012). Corporate social responsibility and institutional theory: New perspectives on private governance. Socio-Economic Review. Vol. 10 (2012) 3-28.
Campbell, J. (2007) Why would corporations behave in socially responsible ways? An institutional theory of corporate social responsibility The Academy of Management Review. Vol. 32 (3) 946-967.
Epstein, E. (1987) The corporate social policy process: Beyond business ethics, corporate social responsibility, and corporate social responsiveness. California Management Review. Vol. 29 (3) 99.
Friedman, M. (1970) The social responsibility of business is to increase its profits. New York Times Magazine. Retrieved November 4, 2017 from https://www.colorado.edu/studentgroups/libertarians/issues/friedman-soc-resp-business.html
Heningway, C. & Maclagan, P. (2004) Managers' personal values as drivers of corporate social responsibility. Journal of Business Ethics. Vol. 50 (1) 33-44.
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