Discourse Community Essays (Examples)
Study Document
Race And Ethnicity In The US Military
… has stemmed not so much from the killing of an unarmed black man by police but rather from the perception that the black community in general has been marginalized and oppressed for years. High profile celebrities like LeBron James, Steph Curry and Colin Kaepernick have supported the … a knee during NFL games when the National Anthem was sung. His actions outraged some but invigorated others who wanted to see a discourse on the issue promoted in the national spotlight.
However, having that discourse became a problem because of the role that the flag and the anthem played in certain associations made by the act of taking … Anthem, in particular—were used as a way to avoid completely discussions on racism” (1). In other words, by playing up the patriotism angle, discourse on othering and the oppression of black communities was sidestepped. Those who sought to have that discourse……
References
Works Cited
Carbado, Devon W. \\\\\\"Racial naturalization.\\\\\\" American Quarterly 57.3 (2005): 633-658.
Graber, Shane M., Ever J. Figueroa, and Krishnan Vasudevan. \\\\\\"Oh, Say, Can You Kneel: A Critical Discourse Analysis of Newspaper Coverage of Colin Kaepernick’s Racial Protest.\\\\\\" Howard Journal of Communications (2019): 1-17.
Morrison, Toni. “Recitatif.” Skin Deep. Doubleday, 1995.
Naber, Nadine. “Osama’s Daughters: Cultural Racism, Nation-Based Racism, and the Intersectionality of Oppressions after 9/11.” Review of Women’s Studies, 5 (2009), 50-63.
Sabo, Samantha, et al. \\\\\\"Everyday violence, structural racism and mistreatment at the US– Mexico border.\\\\\\" Social Science & Medicine 109 (2014): 66-74.
Study Document
Immigration Terms And Analysis Of Interview
… structures and institutions support new immigrants, and immigration is frequently a family phenomenon—particularly evident in the Mexican immigrant experience (Massey, 1986). Prevailing anti-immigration discourse in the United States obfuscates the tremendous amount of diversity within the American immigrant experience, and even among specific immigrant groups like those … tremendous amount of diversity within the American immigrant experience, and even among specific immigrant groups like those who hail from Mexico.
Furthermore, anti-immigrant discourse also echoes the nativist sentiments that have steeped their way through some segments of American society since the 19th century. The most extreme … immigrants.
Juan’s story reflects the salience of social organization as a key factor in immigration experiences. As Massey (1986) points out, kinship and community bonds can be either formal or informal but always have a strong bearing on the individual and collective immigrant experience. However, he has … attitudes towards newcomers.
Juan is……
References
References
Fox, C. & Guglielmo, T.A. (2012). Defining America’s racial boundaries: Blacks, Mexicans, and European Immigrants, 1890–1945. American Journal of Sociology 118(2) (September 2012): 327-379.
Gonzales, R. G. (2011). Learning to be illegal: Undocumented youth and shifting legal contexts in the transition to adulthood. American Sociological Review 76(4) (AUGUST 2011): 602-619
Huntington, S.P. (2009). The Hispanic challenge. Foreign Policy, 28 Oct, 2009.
Jones-Correa, M. (2012). Contested ground. Transatlantic Council on Migration. July 2012.
Massey, D. S. (1986). The social organization of Mexican Migration to the United States.” The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 48(7):, Vol. 487, Immigration and American Public Policy (Sep., 1986): 102-113?
Massey, D. S. (n.d.). What were the paradoxical consequences of militarizing the border with Mexico?
Study Document
Evolving Public Interpretation Of Gentrification
… phenomenon has garnered a growing amount of attention from policymakers, the media and the general American public, causing a certain shift in its discourse of media and academic evaluation. Through the case study of New York City, this paper will underline the contemporary interpretation of gentrification by … displacement. These findings suggest that investment and revitalization of poor neighborhoods don’t have to push out the people who lived there before. Moreover, community leaders around the nation have developed approaches to encourage investment and avoid displacement. For instance, New York City offers caps or breaks on … offer easy options for renters to report bad landlords; negotiate payment plans with homeowners who have fallen behind on their property taxes; establish community benefits agreements with investors in large projects to ensure that local residents benefit from the investment; offer developers higher levels of density in … a second headquarters operation in……
References
Bibliography
Anderson, Elijah. 1990. Streetwise. Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press.
Betancur, John J. “Gentrification in Latin America: Overview and Critical Analysis.” Urban Studies Research 37-41.
Berrey, Ellen C. 2005. Divided over diversity. City & Community 4 (2): 143-70
Black’s Law Dictionary. 1990. St. Paul, MN: West Publishing Co.
Bostic, Raphael W., and Richard W. Martin. 2003. Black home-owners as a gentrifying force? Urban Studies 40 (12): 2427-49.
Brown-Saracino, Japonica. 2004. Social preservationists and the quest for authentic community. City & Community 3 (2): 135-56.
Brummet, Quentin, and Davin Reed. “The Effects of Gentrification on the Well-Being and Opportunity of Original Resident Adults and Children.” Working Paper (Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia), 2019.
Capps, Kriston. “The Hidden Winners in Neighborhood Gentrification.” CityLab, July 22, 2019.
Study Document
Education Law Policy And Social Justice
… child’s cultural as well as social identity. This is the meaning of mother tongue that will be embraced in the context of this discourse.
To a large extent, English remains the most spoken language in the global context. However, the list of widely-spoken mother tongues is endless. … as it relates to immigration, language, and education policy.
It should be noted, from the onset, that the arguments presented in this particular discourse tie to the struggle for the promotion of education access. This is more so the case as to relates to America’s immigrant populations ……
References
References
Awopetu, A.V. (2016). Impact of Mother Tongue on Children’s Learning Abilities in Early Childhood Classroom. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 23, 58-63.
Busse, V., Cenoz, J., Dalmann, N. & Rogge, F. (2019). Addressing Linguistic Diversity in the Language Classroom in a Resource?Oriented Way: An Intervention Study with Primary School Children. Language Learning.
Bingol, A.S. (2012). Mother tongue instruction policies towards Turkish migrant children in Europe. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 70, 1016-1023.
Mcmahon, T., Griese, E.R. & Kenyon, D.B. (2019). Cultivating Native American scientists: An application of an Indigenous model to an undergraduate research experience. Cultural Studies of Science Education, 14, 77-110.
Ozfidan, B. (2017). Right of Knowing and Using Mother Tongue: A Mixed Method Study. English Language Teaching; 10(12), 15-23.
Peyton, J.K. (2015). Language of Instruction: Research Findings and Program and Instructional Implications. Reconsidering Development, 4(1), 71-79.
Philips, J.S. (2015). The rights of indigenous peoples under international law. Global Bioethics, 26(2), 75-82.
Sahin, I. (2018). A look at mother tongue education in the context of the right to education. Educational Research and Reviews, 13(9), 343-353.
Study Document
Individuals Using Customary Practices In Times Of Crises
… well. It, therefore, follows that this is an essential resource in the definition of what constitutes a crisis at both the individual and community levels. This particular resource is a collection of perspectives from diverse authors in social work practice.
Ayeb-Karlsson, S., Knveton, D., Cannon, T., Geest, … Traditional Coping Mechanism in Disaster Management in the Builsa and Sissala Districts of Northern Ghana. European Journal of Social Sciences, 25(2), 78-84.
No community is immune to occasional disasters and crises. It is for this reason that various communities and individuals have, over time, applied diverse tactics … This is the very same assertion that the authors of the present article advance. Indeed, in the words of the authors, “the current discourse underrates the use of indigenous knowledge of communities by practitioners when dealing with disasters’, as the knowledge is often viewed as outdated and … to as amazibuko to facilitate……
References
Roberts. A.R. (Ed.). (2005). Crisis Intervention Handbook: Assessment, Treatment, and Research (3rd ed.). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Sama’ila, A. (2019). Economic crisis and the coping strategies of indigenous automobile entrepreneurs in northern Nigeria, 1983-2014. Sociology International Journal, 3(6), 437-442.
Study Document
Walmart And Starbucks Sustainability
… each on several fronts. These are complex issues, and they receive some complexity in their treatment. Starbucks has four main areas of focus: community, ethical sourcing, environment, and diversity. Roughly, community and diversity would fall into the category of social responsibility, as these cover community service, youth action, the Starbucks Foundation, the Ethos Water Fund, and the company's diversity plan. On the sustainability front, there is the ethics … The social side is somewhat thin, and focuses on things that Starbucks already does pretty well, such as diversity, but there is the community involvement element that distinguishes it from some other large companies.
The Wal-Mart approach to Global Responsibility (2017) focuses a lot on sustainability. For ……
References
References
Aguilera, R, Rupp, D., Williams, C. & Ganapathi, J. (2005) Putting the S back in corporate social responsibility: A multi-level theory of social change in organizations. Academy of Management Review. (2005). Retrieved November 4, 2017 from https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/bitstream/handle/2142/1768/TS_Aguilera.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=y
Banerjee, S. (2008) Corporate social responsibility: the good, bad and the ugly. Critical Sociology. Vol. 34 (1)
Blowfield, M., Frynas, J. (2005) Editorial setting new agendas: Critical perspectives on corporate social responsibility in the developing world. International Affairs. Vol. 81 (3) 499-513.
Brammer, S., Jackson, G. & Matten, D. (2012). Corporate social responsibility and institutional theory: New perspectives on private governance. Socio-Economic Review. Vol. 10 (2012) 3-28.
Campbell, J. (2007) Why would corporations behave in socially responsible ways? An institutional theory of corporate social responsibility The Academy of Management Review. Vol. 32 (3) 946-967.
Epstein, E. (1987) The corporate social policy process: Beyond business ethics, corporate social responsibility, and corporate social responsiveness. California Management Review. Vol. 29 (3) 99.
Friedman, M. (1970) The social responsibility of business is to increase its profits. New York Times Magazine. Retrieved November 4, 2017 from https://www.colorado.edu/studentgroups/libertarians/issues/friedman-soc-resp-business.html
Heningway, C. & Maclagan, P. (2004) Managers' personal values as drivers of corporate social responsibility. Journal of Business Ethics. Vol. 50 (1) 33-44.
Study Document
Field Experience Report Observation In The Deaf Classroom
… classroom at the school for the Deaf
Introduction
In the US, residential institutions of learning have had a long relationship with the deaf community. They are the centers where linguistic and cultural transmission takes place. The residential, educational institutions for deaf people serve learners at K-12 levels. … class covers more, compared to when there is an interpreter. The learners have a challenge in calling the teacher when he is in discourse with another learner or looking towards the screen.
Data collection
The study made use of a descriptive qualitative research approach that included interviews, … with the attitude of the average population of employees of a school that serves to enhance the cultural transmission for a given language community, i.e., the deaf in this case. Teachers are pivotal in the implementation of the ASL program.
Conclusion
The essence of the residential schools ……
References
References
Guardino, C., & Antia, S. D. (2012). Modifying the classroom environment to increase engagement and decrease disruption with students who are deaf or hard of hearing. Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education, 17(4), 518-533.
Hombo, C. M. (2003). NAEP and No Child Left Behind: Technical challenges and practical solutions. Theory into Practice, 42(1), 59-65.
Jeffries Jr., R. L. (2010). A Case Study of a Teacher Implementing Guided Reading in a Deaf Classroom. ProQuest LLC.
Malik, A. M., Rashid, M., Awan, M. Y., & Alvi, I. B. (2018). The Role of Architecture in the Identification of Obstacles and Spatial Solutions to Inclusive Education. UMT Education Review (UER), 1(2), 39-58.
Renard, M. (1999). Les sourds dans la ville: surdités et accessibilité. ARDDS (Association pour la réadaptation et la défense des devenus-sourds).
Romano, A.M. (2013). Observing a Residential School for the Deaf: Identifying Factors in Creating a Deafcentric Environment. (The Honors Program, Gallaudet University).
Staten, F. D. (2011). Examining the influence of the residential school for the deaf experience on deaf identity. (Doctor of Philosophy thesis, University of Iowa).
Van Gent, T., Goedhart, A. W., Knoors, H. E., Westenberg, P. M., & Treffers, P. D. (2012). Self-concept and ego development in deaf adolescents: a comparative study. Journal of deaf studies and deaf education, 17(3), 333-351.
Study Document
Intelligence Oversight Ethics
… were controversial to say the least because they begged the question of just what kind of IO was in place in the intelligence community when it came to Big Data: “phone companies were sharing their consumer data with the NSA; private conversations were data mined and monitored ……
References
References
Bailey, Christopher and Susan M. Galich. “Codes of Ethics: The Intelligence Community.” International Journal of Intelligence Ethics 35.2 (2012), 77-99.
Brown, William F., and Americo R. Cinquegrana. \\\\\\\\\\\\"Warrantless Physical Searches for Foreign Intelligence Purposes: Executive Order 12,333 and the Fourth Amendment.\\\\\\\\\\\\" Cath. UL Rev. 35 (1985): 97.
Cantarella, Michele. \\\\\\\\\\\\"Intelligence ethics in the digital age.\\\\\\\\\\\\" (2016).
Congressional Research Service, “CIA Ethics Education: Background and Perspectives” (2018).
Ferrari, Rachel. \\\\\\\\\\\\"Moral Relativism and Dangerous Ethical Dilemmas in the US Intelligence Community.\\\\\\\\\\\\" (2018).
Ford, Christopher M. \\\\\\\\\\\\"Intelligence Demands in a Democratic State: Congressional Intelligence Oversight.\\\\\\\\\\\\" Tul. L. Rev. 81 (2006): 721.
Goldman, Jan. \\\\\\\\\\\\"Teaching About Intelligjence and Ethics.\\\\\\\\\\\\" Journal of US Intelligence Studies 20, no. 2 (2013): 79.
Hayes, Jonathan. \\\\\\\\\\\\"The Cinema of Oliver Stone: Art, Authorship and Activism by Ian
Study Document
Agency Theory And The Limitations Of Representative Government
...Discourse community The Political Nature of the Federal Budget Process
Introduction
The federal budget process is overseen by US Congressmen, who are fundamentally immersed in the political nature of government. As Elwood (2008) notes, members of Congress are influenced in three ways: 1) by money that is used to finance their political campaigns; 2) by obtaining the votes necessary for reelection; and 3) by obtaining expert advice on topics that are of personal importance to them. The federal budget process is particularly impactful on the first two and vice versa. For example, “the ability to funnel money into a congressional district or state provides an excellent opportunity for a legislator to remain in office” (Elwood, 2008, p. 3). This ability creates a conflict of interest among the politicians overseeing the budget process. On the one hand they are tasked with producing a budget resolution and allocating funds based on the duty to……
References
References
Eisenhardt, K. M. (1989). Agency theory: An assessment and review. Academy of management review, 14(1), 57-74.
Elwood, T. W. (2008). Politics of the US Federal Budget Process. International quarterly of community health education, 28(1), 3-12.
Jennings, M. (2008). Business Ethics: Case Studies and Selected Readings. Cengage.
Machold, S., Ahmed, P.K., & Farquhar, S.S. (2007). Corporate Governance and Ethics: A Feminist Perspective. Journal of Business Ethics (2008) 81:665-678.
ProActive Solutions. (2020). Agency theory. Retrieved from http://knowledgegrab.com/learners-zone/study-support/performance-management-review/framework-introduction-to-hrm/agency-theory/
Study Document
Domestic Extremism And Terrorism
… results showed that both groups feed off one another and exist essentially as extreme representations of the already existing culture that dominates American discourse. The members of both groups tend to be young, enthusiastic, impressionable and wanting to act. They see violence as necessary to suppress the ……
References
References
Breger, M. L. (2017). Reforming by re-norming: How the legal system has the potential to change a toxic culture of domestic violence. J. Legis., 44, 170.
Beinart, P. (2017). The rise of the violent left. Retrieved from https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2017/09/the-rise-of-the-violent-left/534192/
Brockhoff, S., Krieger, T. & Meierrieks, D. (2014). Great expectations and hard times: the (nontrivial) impact of education on domestic terrorism. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 59(7), 1186-1215.
Brown, D. (2017). Proud boys founder. Retrieved from https://www.portlandmercury.com/blogtown/2017/12/12/19540403/proud-boys-founder-wants-to-trigger-the-entire-state-of-oregon-by-helping-patriot-prayers-joey-gibson-win-the-oregon-person-of-the-year- p
Cramer, E. P., Choi, Y. J., & Ross, A. I. (2017). Race, Culture, and Abuse of Persons with Disabilities. In Religion, Disability, and Interpersonal Violence (pp. 89-110). Springer, Cham.
Dalgaard-Nielsen, A. (2016). Countering violent extremism with governance networks. Perspectives on Terrorism, 10(6), 135-139.
DeCook, J. R. (2018). Memes and symbolic violence:# proudboys and the use of memes for propaganda and the construction of collective identity. Learning, Media and Technology, 43(4), 485-504.
Doyle, E. (Ed.). (2018). Antifa and the Radical Left. Greenhaven Publishing LLC.
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