Disasters Essays (Examples)
Study Document
Disaster Preparedness At A Department Of Veterans Affairs Medical
… two main questions that were asked during this interview are provided below.
1) Question: “What do you consider to be the top three disasters for which you prepare?”
Responses:
a) Inclement weather and earthquakes: We live and work in “Tornado Alley” and we are routinely hit with … corresponding changes in disaster preparedness planning. This point is also consistent with the guidance provided by Blake and Wilson (2019) who report that, “Disasters have become a real threat to health care. They can strike at any time and preparedness is vital so healthcare facilities can continue … highest quality of health care possible. The research was consistent in showing, though, that hospitals are also highly vulnerable to natural and manmade disasters of all types depending most especially on the geographic location. The results of the interview with a disaster preparedness administrator at a VA ……
References
References
Blake, N. & Wilson, E. (2019, September/October). Disaster preparedness: Mitigation, response, and recovery to ensure staffing excellence in Los Angeles County. Nursing Economics, 37(5), 231-233.
Labrague, L. J. & Yboa, B. C. (2016, January). Disaster preparedness in Philippine nurses. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 48(1), 98-102.
Natural disasters and severe weather. (2020). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved from https://emergency.cdc.gov/planning/index.asp .
VA fast facts. (2019). U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. Retrieved from https://www.va. gov/health/aboutvha.asp.
Veenema, T. G. & Griffin, A. (2016, March). Nurses as leaders in disaster preparedness and response - A call to action. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 48(2), 187-192.
Study Document
Individuals Using Customary Practices In Times Of Crises
… & Opondo, D. (2019). I will not go. I cannot go: cultural and social limitations of disaster preparedness in Asia, Africa, and Oceania. Disasters, 43(4), 752-770.
This paper explores the influence of cultural and social contexts on perceptions of hazards and disaster and the responses to them … Accommodating the Sendai Framework Agenda 2030? International Journal of Disaster Risk Science, 10, 462-477.
According to the authors of this present study, most disasters in Africa have severe implications on the developmental and fiscal fronts. Many factors act together to exacerbate hazardous events in Africa. One of … the need for policymakers to go back to the drawing board and strategize on the most effective approach to minimize the impact of disasters on vulnerable populations. The relevance of utilizing customary practices in crisis scenarios will be restated. The utilization of the case study design in … Management in the Builsa and……
References
Roberts. A.R. (Ed.). (2005). Crisis Intervention Handbook: Assessment, Treatment, and Research (3rd ed.). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Sama’ila, A. (2019). Economic crisis and the coping strategies of indigenous automobile entrepreneurs in northern Nigeria, 1983-2014. Sociology International Journal, 3(6), 437-442.
Study Document
Incident Command System ICS
… the Incident Command System (ICS)
The Incident Command System (ICS) is a standardized organization model or method for incident response and management during disasters. The system is made up of standard management and leadership hierarchy procedures, including processes meant to support various types of incidents. It does … system is increasingly assessed through scholarly studies. According to Lutz and Lindell (2008), inter-organizational coordination of societal efforts in organizing and deploying natural disasters response is the core purpose of ICS. Bigley and Roberts (2001) identified shifting of authority as need arises, the structuring mechanisms with role … stage when many people volunteered to help out. Operations during the early phase of response included coordinating with volunteers, Volunteer Organization Active in Disasters (VOADs), incoming CNCS members, and developing of the command center’s physical infrastructure (CNCS, 2014).
Conclusion
ICS was effective during the flood disaster that … Improving the work assignment process,……
References
References
AmeriCorps St. Louis. (2016). “Missouri Winter Flooding 2016.” Retrieved from https://www. americorps-stl.org/our-teams/emergency-response-team/disaster-deployment-archive/missouri-winter-flooding-2016/.
Buck, Dick A., Joseph E. Trainor, and Benigno E. Aguirre. (2006). “A Critical Evaluation of the Incident Command System and NIMS.” Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management, 3(3).
Bigley, Gregory A. and Karlene H. Roberts. (2001). “The Incident Command System: High-Reliability Organizing for Complex and Volatile Task Environments.” Academy of Management Journal, 44(6): 1281-1299.
Butterfield, Karen. (2016, January 21). “AmeriCorps Helping Flood Victims Find Place to Stay.” The Missourian. Retrieved from http://www.emissourian.com/local_news/washington/americorps-helping-flood-victims-find-place-to-stay/article_56f75bab-87de-5198-843e-bdfdb8229b5a.html.
Cardwell, Michael D. and Patrick T. Cooney. (2000). “Nationwide Application of the Incident Command System: Standardization Is the Key.” FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin 69.10: 10-16.
Cole, Dana. (2000). The Incident Command System: A 25-Year Evaluation by California Practitioners. National Fire Academy.
Corporation for National and Community Service (CNCS). (2014). “Disaster Response Framework.” Retrieved from http://www.nationalservice.gov/sites/default/files/documents/CNCS%20DSU%20 Disaster%20Response%20Framework.pdf.
Dynes, Russell Rowe. (1970). Organized Behavior in Disaster. Lexington, MA: Heath Lexington.
Study Document
Emergency Managers And Climate Risk
… change depend in large part on the geographic location of the communities. Some communities are at far greater risk of some types of disasters such as flooding in the case of low-lying regions or severe weather in the case of the residents of Tornado Alley. It is … and quality” (p. 1).
Beyond the foregoing considerations, emergency managers across the country are also faced with the potential for new types of disasters that are related to a complex interaction between the environment and the infrastructure. For instance, the IPCC Working Group II also emphasizes that, ……
References
References
Edwards, F. L. (2011, Spring). Symposium: Preparing for climate change. The Public Manager, 40(1), 20-25.
IPCC Working Group II. (2014). Assessing and managing the risks of climate change. Retrieved from https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/03/WGIIAR5_SPM_Top_Level_ Findings-1.pdf.
Labadie, J. R. (2011). Emergency managers confront climate change. Sustainability, 3, 1250-1264.
Leven, R. & Goldstein, Z. (2019). Kentucky is among the states blocking climate action. As weather gets more extreme, its residents — and U.S. taxpayers — are paying a price. Public Integrity. Retrieved from https://publicintegrity.org/environment/one-disaster-away/a-dangerous-disconnect-disaster-prone-states/ .
Mickus, J. (2017, June 1). A Sugar Creek chronicle: Observing climate change from a Midwestern woodland. Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith, 69(2), 110-114.
The Nature Conservancy. (2020). Pennsylvania climate solutions. Retrieved from https://www. nature.org/en-us/about-us/where-we-work/united-states/pennsylvania/stories-in-pennsylvania/pennsylvania-climate-solutions/.
Study Document
Hurricane Maria And Puerto Rico S Emergency Management
...Disasters Introduction
Hurricane Maria was the strongest hurricane to strike Puerto Rico in nearly a hundred years when it made landfall on the tiny island state in September of 2017 (Amnesty International, 2018). Maria followed upon the heels of Hurricane Irma, which had struck the island only a mere matter of weeks before. Nearly 3000 died as a result, according to Puerto Rico’s Governor and tens of thousands of people were displaced and forced to take up temporary shelter that gradually took on a character of permanence as the island struggled to cope with the devastation of the Category 4 hurricane (Amnesty International, 2018). Losses were estimated at some $90 billion. The fact that Puerto Rico was still reeling from the damages caused by Irma, which hit on September 6th, meant that local organizations were ill-prepared to cope with a second larger hurricane on September 20th. Irma had already “caused the……
References
References
Acevedo, N. (2018). Puerto Rico lacked disaster planning, communications strategy, hurricane study found. Retrieved from https://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/puerto-rico-crisis/puerto-rico-lacked-disaster-planning-communications-strategy-hurricane-study-found-n904866
Achenbach, J. & Hernandez, A. (2017). FEMA administrator: Puerto Rico’s politics, lack of unity, hindering hurricane response. Retrieved from https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/fema-administrator-puerto-ricos-politics-lack-of-unity-hindering-hurricane-response/2017/10/09/f1711996-ad10-11e7-9e58-e6288544af98_story.html?noredirect=on&utm_term=.eef2e6bc0e3e
Amnesty International. (2018). Puerto Rico a year after Hurricane Maria. Retrieved from https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/research/2018/09/puerto-rico-a-year-after-hurricane-maria/
Bomey, N. (2017). Hurricane Maria halts crucial drug manufacturing in Puerto Rico, may spur shortages. Retrieved from https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/2017/09/22/hurricane-maria-pharmaceutical-industry-puerto-rico/692752001/
CDC. (2019). PHEP. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/cpr/epf/docs/PuertoRico.pdf de Arzola, O. R. (2018). Emergency Preparedness and Hurricane Maria: The Experience of a Regional Academic Medical Center in Southwest Puerto Rico. Journal of Graduate Medical Education,10(4), 477-480. Florido, A. (2018). Government Lawyer Says Puerto Rico's Hurricane Response Plan 'Does Not Exist'. Retrieved from https://www.npr.org/2018/10/30/662345336/government-lawyer-says-puerto-ricos-hurricane-response-plan-does-not-exist
McMahon, C. (2018). Double down on the Jones Act? Journal of Maritime Law & Commerce, 49(2), 153-195.
Samaan, J. L., & Verneuil, L. (2009). Civil–Military Relations in Hurricane Katrina: a case study on crisis management in natural disaster response. Humanitarian Assistance: Improving US-European Cooperation, Center for Transatlantic Relations/Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD/Global Public Policy Institute, Berlin, 413-432.
Study Document
Hurricane Katrina Military Response
...Disasters Introduction
The major problem that New Orleans faced in the wake of Hurricane Katrina was a lack of preparedness and leadership at both the local and the federal level. New Orleans’ Incident Command System (ICS) was not prepared for the type of flooding the city saw. Prior to the hurricane, the ICS had really only been trained in responding to fires. The ICS failed to know what steps to take to respond to the various needs of the people at the time (Samaan & Verneuil, 2009). The emergency operations center (EOC) was more of a liability than an asset as it had not been trained for such a disaster either. A National Response Plan had not been developed nor was there a National Incident Management System, which meant FEMA was not ready to act (Lewis, 2009; Select Bipartisan Committee to Investigate the Preparation for and Response to Hurricane Katrina, 2006).……
References
References
The Brookings Institution. (2007). 9/11, Katrina and the future of interagency disaster response. Retrieved from https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/20070529.pdf
E-PARCC Collaborative Governance Initiative. (2008). Collaboration Amid Crisis: The Department of Defense During Hurricane Katrina Teaching Note. Retrieved from https://www.maxwell.syr.edu/uploadedFiles/parcc/eparcc/cases/Moynihan-%20Teaching%20Notes.pdf
Lewis, D. E. (2009). Revisiting the administrative presidency: Policy, patronage, and agency competence. Presidential Studies Quarterly, 39(1), 60-73.
Philipps, D. (2017). Seven hard lessons responders to Harvey learned from Katrina. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/07/us/hurricane-harvey-katrina-federal-responders.html
Samaan, J. L., & Verneuil, L. (2009). Civil–Military Relations in Hurricane Katrina: a case study on crisis management in natural disaster response. Humanitarian Assistance: Improving US-European Cooperation, Center for Transatlantic Relations/Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD/Global Public Policy Institute, Berlin, 413-432.
Select Bipartisan Committee to Investigate the Preparation for and Response to Hurricane Katrina. (2006). A failure of initiative. Retrieved from http://govinfo.library.unt.edu/a257.g.akamaitech.net/7/257/2422/15feb20061230/www.gpoaccess.gov/katrinareport/mainreport.pdf
Study Document
Building Resilience In Travis County
...Disasters Introduction of Strategy
Almost ten years back, the Austin History Center launched a new permanent exhibit on African American history in Travis County that has since inspired local activism, awareness, and community self-empowerment (Castillo, 2018). This strategy builds upon the success of the Austin History Center projects, which include the vast resources contained in the Austin History Center’s African American Community Archivist (2019). Building resilience through the arts, culture, and community pride will be the solution-focused approach to addressing persistent disparities in Travis County, Texas.
Vulnerabilities
A needs assessment of the African American community in Travis County reveals several areas of vulnerability this strategy aims to address by coordinating with existing ongoing initiatives and organizations.
Physical and Mental Health Disparities
Physical and mental health disparities are among the top vulnerabilities for the African American community in Travis County. Research reveals several major disparities in mental and physical health that render the……
References
References
Austin History Center (2019). African American Community Archivist. Retrieved from https://library.austintexas.gov/ahc/african-american-community-archivist
Castillo, J. (2018). Exhibit on African Americans in Travis County tells stories, reveals gaps. Statesman. 27 Sept, 2018. Retrieved from https://www.statesman.com/article/20120925/NEWS/309259130
Chang, J. (2018). Black children in Travis County 8 times more likely to be removed by CPS than white children. Statesman. 25 Oct, 2018. Retrieved from https://www.statesman.com/news/20181020/black-children-in-travis-county-8-times-more-likely-to-be-removed-by-cps-than-white-children
Craver, J. (2017). African-Americans spend more time in Travis County jail for same offenses as whites. Austin Monitor. 14 Jul 2017. Retrieved from https://www.austinmonitor.com/stories/2017/07/african-americans-spend-time-travis-county-jail-offenses-whites/
Davis, C. (2018). African-Americans are moving to Austin again, but many don’t feel welcome. KXAN. 15 Jan, 2018. Retrieved from https://www.kxan.com/news/local/austin/african-americans-are-moving-to-austin-again-but-many-dont-feel-welcome/
Menon, S. (2019). Conference aims to help more African-Americans get mental health care. KUT. 25 Feb, 2019. Retrieved from https://www.kut.org/post/conference-aims-help-more-african-americans-get-mental-health-care
“New report points to racism and longer confinement of African Americans in Travis County Jail,” (2017). Grassroots Leadership. 13 July, 2017. Retrieved from https://grassrootsleadership.org/releases/2017/07/new-report-points-racism-and-longer-confinement-african-americans-travis-county
Prosperity Now (2019). Racial wealth divide in Austin. Retrieved from https://www.austincf.org/Portals/0/Uploads/Documents/Reports/Racial%20Wealth%20Divide%20Profile%20Austin_February%202019_%20Final3.pdf
Study Document
Social Media And Its Effects On Girls
… girls can be generally grouped into three categories: (a) body image pressures; (b) online bullying; and, (c) adverse responses to anthropogenic and natural disasters, including global pandemics and each of these effects is discussed in turn below.
Body image pressures. Despite efforts to address this issue by … most girls as well as being victimized through cyber bullying attacks. In addition, the potential for the negative effects of manmade and natural disasters is also intensified when girls rely on social media platforms exclusively for the most accurate and up to date information. On the other ……
References
Works Cited
Ali, S. (2018). “Social Media Usage among Teenage Girls in Rawalpindi and Islamabad.” Global Media Journal, vol. 16, p. 31.
Chukwuere, Joshua Ebere and Chukwuere, Precious. (2017, December). Cyberbullying of female students: An exploration of literature study. Gender & Behaviour, vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 9983-9991.
Goodwin, Robin, Palgi,Yuval, Osnat, Lavenda, Yaira, Hamama-Raz and Ben-Ezra, Menachem. (2015), “Association between Media Use, Acute Stress Disorder and Psychological Distress.” Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, vol. 84, no. 4, pp. 253-254
Granello, Paul F. and Zyromski, Brett. (2018, September-August). “Developing a Comprehensive School Suicide Prevention Program.” Professional School Counseling, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 37-42.
Hutchinson, Tracy S. (2020, April 19). Ten things mentally strong people do during a pandemic. Psychology Today. [online] available: https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/the-pulse-mental-health/202004/10-things-mentally-strong-people-do-during-pandemic.
Kemp. Simon. (2020, January). “Digital 2020.” We Are Social. [online] available: https://wearesocial.com/blog/2020/01/digital-2020-3-8-billion-people-use-social-media.
Redden, Crystal V. (2018, December). “The Media\\\\\\\\\\\\'s Influence on Female Relational Aggression and Its Implications for Schools.” Canadian Journal of Education, vol. 36, no. 4, pp. 374-381.
Reinberg, Steven. (2019, August 14). “Here\\\\\\\\\\\\'s How Too Much Social Media Can Harm Girls.” WebMD. [online] available: https://www.webmd.com/mental-health/news/20190814/ heres-how-too-much-social-media-can-harm-girls#1.
Study Document
Employment Law
...Disasters II. Client’s Case
D. Application of the Law to the Facts
Was Jennifer in breach of the confidentiality agreement that she signed committing never to disclose confidential/proprietary information she encounters in the course of her employ at Greene’s’s?
Case in Brief: In Hallmark Cards, Inc. v. Janet L. Murley (2013), the defendant (Murley) parted ways with the plaintiff (Hallmark Cards) and was paid a total of $735,000 as the severance package. As Hallmark’s marketing vice-president, Murley had come across and was indeed in possession of some confidential information regarding the operations of the company. The said information was inclusive of, but was not limited to, market research and business plans. Upon the payment of the severance highlighted above, Murley amongst other things agreed to dispose-off any confidential documents and ensure that the company’s confidential information was not disclosed to any third party. Years later, the defendant got hired by a……
References
References
Frey, M.A. (2015). Essentials of Contract Law (2nd ed.). Mason, OH: Cengage Learning.
Gross, J.A. & Compa, L.A. (2009). Human Rights in Labor and Employment Relations International and Domestic Perspectives. Champaign, IL: Labor and Employment Relations Association.
Peacock, W. (2013). Breach of Contract, Confidential Info Leak Case: Hallmark Prevails. Retrieved from https://blogs.findlaw.com/eighth_circuit/2013/01/hallmark-prevails-in-breach-of-contract-confidential-info-leak-case.html
Study Document
Homeland Defense And Private Security After September 11 Attacks
...Disasters Introduction
The most significant terrorist attack on American soil was the September 11 attacks by Al Qaeda terrorists. The attacks changed the perception that America cannot suffer such attacks, considering how far away it is from where terrorist organizations such as Al Qaeda are based. The attacks also initiated America’s war against terrorism, which continues to date. Before the September 11 attacks, Americans had never experienced a large scale terrorist incident within their country’s borders. Moreover, most local and state security agencies had no experience with such attacks and were, therefore, very ill-prepared to respond to them. The only historic attacks or incidents that compare to the September 11 attacks were the airplane hijackings of the seventies and the eighties. The fact that Americans were not prepared and for the attacks and never expected such attacks to happen on their soil resulted in many people being very surprised and mentally……
References
References
Chanley, V. (2002). Trust in Government in the Aftermath of 9/11: Determinants and Consequences. Political Psychology, 23(3), 469-483. Retrieved May 11, 2020, from https://www.jstor.org/stable/3792588
Dugulin, R., & Niglia, A. (2015, May 17). The private sector in the protection of critical infrastructure - GRI. Global Risk Insights. https://globalriskinsights.com/2015/05/the-private-sectors-vital-role-in-the-protection-of-critical-infrastructure/
Gramlich, J. (2018, September 11). Since 9/11, Americans have seen anti-terrorism policy as a top priority. Pew Research Center. https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2018/09/11/defending-against-terrorism-has-remained-a-top-policy-priority-for-americans-since-9-11/
Morgan, D. (2019). Homeland Security Research and Development: Homeland Security Issues in the 116th Congress. Current Politics and Economics of the United States, Canada, and Mexico, 21(1), 43-46.
Moteff, J., Copeland, C., & Fischer, J. (2003, January). Critical infrastructures: What makes an infrastructure critical?. Library of Congress Washington DC Congressional Research Service.
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