Cancer Treatment Essays (Examples)
Study Document
Henrietta Lacks And The Social Covenant Of Nursing
… asked her husband to take her to the Johns Hopkins Hospital. It was the only regional health facility where black people could get treatment for complicated conditions back then (Skloot, 2010).
After undergoing tests at the hospital, she was found to have cervical cancer. This was in the second month of 1951. She subsequently received radiation treatment under general anesthesia. Cervical radiation treatment was the gold standard intervention back then for the disease. Continuing research at the hospital by two physicians, George Gey and Richard TeLinde, … Lacks’ story. Gey was trying to develop and grow immortal cell lines in the lab for research, while TeLinde was a renowned cervical cancer doctor who at the time was investigating how cervical cancer types are related (Skloot, 2010; Stump, 2014).
Just 21 days into utilizing Lacks’ cells for research, Gey made a breakthrough in his research. … combining the first two……
References
References
American Nurses Association. (2010). Nursing\\'s social policy statement: The essence of the profession. Nursesbooks. org.
Cruess, R. L., & Cruess, S. R. (2008). Expectations and obligations: professionalism and medicine\\'s social contract with society. Perspectives in Biology and Medicine, 51(4), 579-598.
Fowler, M. D. M. (2015). Guide to nursing\\'s social policy statement: Understanding the profession from social contract to social covenant. Silver Spring, MD: American Nurses Association.
Palmd, (2010). More on Lacks ethics. Science blogs. Retrieved from https://scienceblogs.com/whitecoatunderground/2010/02/03/more-on-lacks-ethics
Quinlan, C. (2018). Trust in Medical Research: The Legacy of Henrietta Lacks, Part 1. Science 36 Trial Mix. Retrived from https://www.science37.com/blog/medical-research-trust-and-henrietta-lacks/
Reeves, S., van Soeren, M., MacMillan, K., & Zwarenstein, M. (2013). Medicine and nursing: A social contract to improve collaboration and patient-centred care. Journal of interprofessional care, 27(6), 441-442.
Skloot, R. (2010). The immortal life of Henrietta Lacks. Broadway Books.
Stump, J. L. (2014). Henrietta Lacks and The HeLa Cell: Rights of Patients and Responsibilities of Medical Researchers. The History Teacher, 48(1), 127-180.
Study Document
Sexual Health Promotion Among Middle Eastern Women
… main purpose of health promotion is to positively influence the health behavior of communities and individuals. There have been increased efforts for cervical cancer screening using PAP tests, which have led to the declining mortality rates, especially in the developed countries like the United States (Abboud et … these women remain low even for those who are located in developed countries, which puts them at a higher risk of advanced cervical cancer and poor health outcomes. Considering that cervical cancer is almost entirely preventable or curable if it is detected early middle eastern women must begin undergoing PAP smears (Vahabi & Lofters, 2016; … smears (Vahabi & Lofters, 2016; Ziaei, Farahmand Rad, Rezaei Aval, & Roshandel, 2017). This is the only way that they can detect the cancer early and undergo treatment if it is detected. The reasons leading to the women not undergoing the tests should be established……
References
References
Abboud, S., De Penning, E., Brawner, B. M., Menon, U., Glanz, K., & Sommers, M. S. (2017). Cervical cancer screening among Arab women in the United States: an integrative review. Paper presented at the Oncology nursing forum.
AL-Hammadi, F. A., Al-Tahri, F., Al-Ali, A., Nair, S. C., & Abdulrahman, M. (2017). Limited understanding of pap smear testing among women, a barrier to cervical cancer screening in the United Arab Emirates. Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention: APJCP, 18(12), 3379.
Ali, S., Skirton, H., Clark, M. T., & Donaldson, C. (2017). Integrative review of cervical cancer screening in Western Asian and Middle Eastern Arab countries. Nursing & health sciences, 19(4), 414-426.
Endeshaw, M., Clarke, T., Senkomago, V., & Saraiya, M. (2018). Cervical cancer screening among women by birthplace and percent of lifetime living in the United States. Journal of lower genital tract disease, 22(4), 280-287.
National Council of State Boards of Nursing. (2019). NCLEX-RN examination blueprint. Retrieved from https://www.ncsbn.org/nclex.htm
Payton, M., Parente, M., Al-Hawarri, M., Manasseh, M., Scott, M., & Altshuler, M. (2016). Barriers and Facilitators To Cervical Cancer Screening Among Iraqi Refugees Resettled in Philadelphia: A Qualitative Analysis of Patient and Provider Perceptions.
Vahabi, M., & Lofters, A. (2016). Muslim immigrant women’s views on cervical cancer screening and HPV self-sampling in Ontario, Canada. BMC public health, 16(1), 868.
Ziaei, T., Farahmand Rad, H., Rezaei Aval, M., & Roshandel, G. (2017). The relationship between Sexual self-concept and sexual function in women of reproductive age referred to health centers in Gorgan, North East of Iran. Journal of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, 5(3), 969-977.
Study Document
Medicare Access And CHIP Reauthorization Act
… them to receive reimbursement: care must be quality care, i.e., care that helps them to keep from having to come back for more treatment—rather than just treatment after treatment, keeping patients coming back through the revolving door of medicine without every actually helping them. The type of quality care required by MACRA … literacy promotion. As Licthenfeld (2011) pointed out, too many doctors are diagnosing patients with health problems that are insignificant and do not need treatment—but because Medicare was always willing to bankroll treatment it made good business sense to treat every patient for every symptom. The problem is that people are like cars—as they age, they … every patient for every symptom. The problem is that people are like cars—as they age, they break down—that is just nature. Too much treatment can actually decrease the quality of the life of the patient, just as always having one’s……
References
References
Glasziou, P., Moynihan, R., Richards, T., & Godlee, F. (2013). Too much medicine; too little care. BMJ, 347, f4247.
Lichtenfeld, L. (2011). Overdiagnosed: Making people sick in the pursuit of health. The Journal of Clinical Investigation, 121(8), 2954-2954.
Moynihan, R. (2015). Preventing overdiagnosis: the myth, the music, and the medical meeting. BMJ: British Medical Journal (Online), 350.
Welch, H., Schwartz, L. & Woloshin, S. (2011). Overdiagnosed. Beacon Hill.
Study Document
Non Hodgkin Lymphoma
Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL)
Overview: Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), in basic terms, “is a cancer that starts in white blood cells called lymphocytes, which are part of the body’s immune system” (American cancer Society, 2019). In this case, the lymphocytes affected begin abnormal multiplication and collect in various places of a person’s lymphatic system. When this … no longer be able to fight infections – effectively making the affected individual prone to a wide range of infections. As the American cancer Society (2019) points out, although most of those affected by NHL happen to be adults, children could also suffer from this condition.
The … that the presence of two or more symptoms in this case ought not to be directly interpreted as NHL. Indeed, as the American cancer Society (2019) observes, some (or even several) of the symptoms of NHL could be an indication of an infection, or another condition.
Diagnosis……
References
References
American Cancer Society (2019). What Is Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma? Retrieved from https://www.cancer.org/cancer/non-hodgkin-lymphoma/about/what-is-non-hodgkin-lymphoma.html
Evens, A.M. & Bloom, K.A. (Eds.). (2015). Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma: Pathology, Imaging, and Current Therapy. New York, NY: Springer.
Study Document
Chronic GI GU Condition
… Other diagnostic procedures that could be taken into consideration include, but they are not limited to, upper digestive system x-ray and esophageal manometry.
treatment in this case would be include of both pharmacological and nonpharmacological interventions. The most appropriate pharmacological interventions in the present scenario would be … case presented are consistent with those presented by the patient, i.e. frequent urination. Differential diagnosis in this case would be diabetes and prostate cancer.
To ascertain the BPH diagnosis, physical exam and, if necessary, further tests to verify prostate enlargement would come in handy. The said physical … infection, a urine test could be conducted. In some instances, it might be necessary to undertake a prostate biopsy.
The appropriate approach to treatment in this case would be dictated by quite a number of considerations that include; overall health, age, and how large the prostate is. ……
References
References
Fisichella, P.M., Allaix, M.E., Morino, M. & Patti, M.G. (Eds.). (2014). Esophageal Diseases: Evaluation and Treatment. New York, NY: Springer.
Lacy, B.E. & Patel, B.K. (2017). Rome Criteria and a Diagnostic Approach to Irritable Bowel Syndrome. J Clin Med., 6(11), 95-101.
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases – NIDDK (2014). Symptoms & Causes of GER & GERD. Retrieved from https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/acid-reflux-ger-gerd-adults/symptoms-causes
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases – NIDDK (2019). Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS). Retrieved from https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/irritable-bowel-syndrome
National Cancer Institute (2019). NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms. Retrieved from https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/benign-prostatic-hypertrophy
Study Document
Can Aging Be Reversed
… assumptions that 1) Aging cannot be reversed; and 2) Aging can be delayed; however, the average person could not afford the cost of treatment to delay aging because one would need a lot of money to engage in delaying treatment.
The first assumption—that aging cannot be reversed—has been challenged by a group of Japanese scientists who think they may have discovered a “switch” … be delayed or reversed—possibly—but whether it could be done safely and over a long period of time is another matter. Moreover, if the cancer drug is required to delay the aging process, it could prove expensive for many people; but if quercetin will work as well then ……
References
References
Alvarado, K. A., Templer, D. I., Bresler, C., & Thomas?Dobson, S. (1995). The relationship of religious variables to death depression and death anxiety. Journal of clinical psychology, 51(2), 202-204.
Drugs. (2019). Sprycel. Retrieved from https://www.drugs.com/price-guide/sprycel
Easwaran, E. (1996). The undiscovered country: Exploring the promise of death. Nilgiri Press.
Hashizume, O., Ohnishi, S., Mito, T., Shimizu, A., Ishikawa, K., Nakada, K., ... & Okita, K. (2015). Epigenetic regulation of the nuclear-coded GCAT and SHMT2 genes confers human age-associated mitochondrial respiration defects. Scientific reports, 5, 10434.
Liu, J., Yu, H., & Ning, X. (2006). Effect of quercetin on chronic enhancement of spatial learning and memory of mice. Science in China Series C: Life Sciences, 49(6), 583-590.
Mack, E. (2015). Researchers may have discovered fountain of youth by reversing aging in human cells. Retrieved from https://newatlas.com/reversal-of-aging-human-cell-lines/37721/
Quick, D. (2015). Senolytics: A new class of drugs with the potential to slow the aging process. Retrieved from https://newatlas.com/senolytics-drug-slow-aging/36472/
Study Document
Hepatitis B Virus Infection
… is a major public health problem across the globe. HBV can cause chronic infection and increases the risk of people dying from liver cancer and cirrhosis. In essence, the infection results in considerable human morbidity and mortality due to the effects of chronic infection (MacLachlan & Cowie, … extreme fatigue, nausea, and jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes). The probable complications associated with this infection include acute liver failure, liver cancer, chronic liver infection, and cirrhosis. Since there is no specific treatment for the infection, existing care approaches focus on maintaining comfort and adequate nutritional balance. They include medications using oral antiviral agents like tenofovir … barriers to testing, cultural factors, ecological factors, lack of access to medical care, and country of origin. Given the lack of a specific treatment, the management of HBV focuses on maintaining comfort and adequate nutritional balance. Nurse practitioners play an important……
References
References
American Association of Nurse Practitioners. (2019, January 28). Nurse Practitioner Role Grows to More Than 270,000. Retrieved July 23, 2020, from https://www.aanp.org/news-feed/nurse-practitioner-role-continues-to-grow-to-meet-primary-care-provider-shortages-and-patient-demands
Greene, K.M., Duffus, W.A., Xing, J., & King, H. (2017). Social Determinants of Health Associated with HBV Testing and Access to Care among Foreign-born Persons Residing in the United States: 2009-2012. Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice, 10(2), 1-20.
Healthy People. (2020). Determinants of Health. Retrieved from U.S. Department of Health and Human Services website: https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/about/foundation-health-measures/Determinants-of-Health
Kim, H. & Kim, W.R. (2018, August 22). Epidemiology of Hepatitis B Virus Infection in the United States. Clinical Liver Disease, 12(1), 1-4.
Kim, W.R. (2012, March 1). Epidemiology of Hepatitis B in the United States. Hepatology, 49(5), S28-S34.
MacLachlan, J.H. & Cowie, B.C. (2015, May). Hepatitis B Virus Epidemiology. Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine, 5(5). doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a021410
World Health Organization. (2019, July 18). Hepatitis B. Retrieved July 23, 2020, from https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hepatitis-b
Zhang, Z., Wang, C., Liu, Z., Zou, G., Li, J. & Lu, M. (2019, August 13). Host Genetic Determinants of Hepatitis B Virus Infection. Frontiers in Genetics, 10(696),1-24.
Study Document
Gender And Veterans Differences In Access To Mental Health Care Services
… et al., 2014).
A key reason for such failure can be because the V.A. mental health care service was not meeting the veterans’ treatment requirement. This difference can be eliminated by providing high-quality mental health care so that enrollment in V.A. mental care could be increased in … other veterans who are in other careers. Recently, there has been a growing number of women seeking V.A. medical health care concerning chronic cancer pain. A study directed that there was a gender difference in the prescription of younger veterans as compared to the older ones (Weimer ……
References
References
Adams, R.E., Urosevich, T.G., Hoffman, S.N., Kirchner, H.L., Figley, C.R., Withey, C.A., Boscarino, J.J., Dugan, R.J. & Boscarino, J.A. (2019). Social and psychological risk and protective factors for veteran well-being: The role of veteran identity and its implications for intervention. Military Behavioral Health, 7(3), 304-314. https://doi.org/10.1080/21635781.2019.1580642
Allore, H.G., Ning, Y., Brandt, C.A., & Goulet, J.L. (2013). Accounting for the hierarchical structure in veterans’ health administration data: Differences in healthcare utilization between men and women veterans. International Journal of Statistics in Medical Research, 2(2), 94-103. DOI: 10.6000/1929-6029.2013.02.02.03
Brooks, C. & Chopik, W. (2010, June 17). Research finds deployment affects mental health of veterans differently. Michigan State University. https://msutoday.msu.edu/news/2020/research-finds-deployment-affects-mental-health-of-veterans-differently/
Duggal, M., Goulet, J.L., Womack, J., Gordon, K., Mattocks, K., Haskell, S.G., Justice, A.C. & Brandt, C.A. (2010). Comparison of outpatient health care utilization among returning women and men veterans from Afghanistan and Iraq. BMS Health Services Research, 10 (175). https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6963-10-175
Harpaz-Rotem, I. & Rosenheck, R.A. (2011). Serving those who served: Retention of newly returning veterans from Iraq and Afghanistan in mental health treatment. Psychiatric Services, 62(1), 22-27. DOI: 10.1176/ps.62.1.pss6201_0022.
Haskel, S.G., Brandt, C.A., Krebs, E.E., Skanderson, M., Kerns, R.D., & Goulet, J.L. (2009). Pain among veterans of operations enduring freedom and Iraqi freedom: Do women and men differ? Pain Medicine, 10(7), 1167-1173. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1526- 4637.2009.00714.x
Kaur, S., Stechuchak, K.M., Coffman, C.J., Allen, K.D., & Bastain, L.A. (2007). Gender differences in health care utilization among veterans with chronic pain. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 22(2), 228-233. DOI: 10.1007/s11606-006-0048-5
Koo, K.H., Madden, E. & Maguen, S. (2015). Race, ethnicity, and gender differences in V.A. health care service utilization among U.S. veterans of recent conflicts. Psychiatric Services, 66(5), 507-513. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.201300498
Study Document
Patient Scenario Metastatic Prostate Adenocarcinoma
...Cancer treatment Patient Scenario
1. What are the components of physical examination? Describe each component. (See Module 1, Commentary, Topic 8. Disease Categories, Part B. Steps in Diagnosis attached)
As per the course module, there are several components of a physical examination. To begin with, we have the observation of the diseases’ physical signs as well as assessment of a few factors such as skin color changes, stimuli responsiveness, alertness, mobility, facial expression, posture, etc. Next, there is the taking of the vital signs of the patient which could in this case be inclusive of the patient’s breathing rate, heart rate, blood pressure, etc. Third, yet another key component of physical examination is auscultation. In this case, a physician makes use of a stethoscope to listen a patient’s bowel movements as well as well as heart and lungs for abnormalities. Fourth is a procedure referred to as percussion. It is important to note……
References
References
American Heart Association (2020). Understanding Blood Pressure Readings. Retrieved from https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/high-blood-pressure/understanding-blood-pressure-reading s
Davis, C.P. (2018). CT Scan vs. MRI Differences between Machines, Costs, Uses. Retrieved from https://www.medicinenet.com/ct_scan_vs_mri/article.htm
Palmer, A. (2005). A Simple Guide to Blood Pressure. Mason, OH: CSF Medical Communications.
Sawyers, T. (2019). CT Scan vs. MRI. Retrieved from https://www.healthline.com/health/ct-scan-vs-mri
Taylor, R. (2002). Family Medicine: Principles and Practice. New York, NY: Springer Science & Business Media.
Study Document
Social Media Campaign Discouraging Binge Drinking Among Teens
… alcohol is associated with a wide range of adverse health outcomes including chronic illnesses (such as liver disease and high blood pressure) and cancer (specifically colon, liver, esophagus, and throat cancer) (CDC, 2019). Next, the benefits of harmful behavior avoidance that teenagers ought to be aware of include; better academic performance, improves chances of ……
References
References
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention – CDC (2019). Binge Drinking. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/alcohol/fact-sheets/binge-drinking.htm
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention – CDC (2020). Underage Drinking. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/alcohol/fact-sheets/underage-drinking.htm
Grenard, J.L., Dent, C.W. & Stacy, A.L. (2013). Exposure to Alcohol Advertisements and Teenage Alcohol-Related Problems. Pediatrics, 131(2), e369-e379.
Karen, P., Wei, Q. & Scott, L. (2017). Binge drinking and academic performance, engagement, aspirations, and expectations: a longitudinal analysis among secondary school students in the COMPASS study. Health Promot Chronic Dis Prev Can., 37(11), 376-385.
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism – NIAAA (2020). Underage Drinking. Retrieved from https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/brochures-and-fact-sheets/underage-drinking
Rothoni, A. (2019). Teenagers’ Everyday Literacy Practices in English: Beyond the Classroom. New York, NY: Springer Nature.
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