Brain Essays (Examples)
Study Document
Enlarged Growth And Pituitary
...Brain What is the most likely diagnosis?
John is believed to be suffering from gigantism or acromegaly.
Symptoms of acromegaly
The term 'acromegaly' has its roots in the Greek terms for "enlargement" and "extremities"; these terms reflect one among the ailment's most commonly occurring signs of abnormally expanding feet and hands (Marieb & Hoehn, 2018a; 2018b). Swollen feet and hands typically manifest as an initial sign. Those suffering from the acromegaly notice changes in their shoe or ring sizes, especially shoe width. Slowly, changes in the bone begin to transform their facial features, with their lower jaw and brow protruding, spacing out of the teeth, and enlargement of their nasal bone (Colao et al., 2019).
Abnormal cartilage and bone growth frequently results in arthritis. Tissue thickening can trap nerves and result in the development of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) that in turn produces weakening and numbness of hands. Enlargement may also……
References
References
Colao, A., Grasso, L. F., Giustina, A., Melmed, S., Chanson, P., Pereira, A. M., & Pivonello, R. (2019). Acromegaly. Nature Reviews Disease Primers, 5(1), 20.
Maffezzoni, F., & Formenti, A. M. (2018). Acromegaly and bone. Minerva endocrinologica, 43(2), 168-182.
Marieb, E. & Hoehn, K. (2018a). Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th ed). Boston, MA: Pearson. ISBN: 9780134756363
Marieb, E. & Hoehn, K. (2018b). Study Guide: Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th ed). Boston, MA: Pearson. ISBN: 9780134760230
Melmed, S. (2016). New therapeutic agents for acromegaly. Nature Reviews Endocrinology, 12(2), 90.
Study Document
Anxiety And Depression Treatment Through Mindfulness
...Brain Abnormal Psychology Questions
Q1. According to your text please describe how negative reinforcement increases the avoidance behaviors often associated with anxiety.
Negative reinforcement refers to the withdrawal of an unpleasant stimulus to reward behavior. Using operant conditioning in a laboratory experiment, this might be accomplished by the withdrawal of an unpleasant sound when the desired behavior is completed. However, in the real world, for someone experiencing anxiety, the usual way in which someone suffering from this psychological disorder deals with the unpleasant feelings of anxiety (pounding heart, sweating, and racing thoughts) is to withdraw from the situation and avoid the triggering stimulus. Although this, on the surface, might seem to be sensible on the one hand, on the other hand it can result in the anxious individual becoming socially withdrawn or avoiding positive life experiences because of the fear. For fears of very common things—such as driving—it can significantly impair……
References
References
Cameron, O.G. (2007). Understanding comorbid depression and anxiety, 24 (14). Retrieved from: https://www.psychiatrictimes.com/anxiety/understanding-comorbid-depression-and- anxiety
Facts and Statistics. (2020). Anxiety and Depression Association of America. Retrieved from: https://adaa.org/about-adaa/press-room/facts-statistics
Study Document
Borderline Personality Disorder
… the suggestion that the impulsive and aggressive behavior often witnessed among people with BPD is usually caused by low serotonin levels in the brain. Also, norepinephrine has been liked to aggression among people with BPD.
c) Neuroanatomical factors: Amygdale hyperactivity has been recorded among BPD patients. Further, ……
References
Bibliography
Bateman, A., & Fonagy, P. (2009). Randomized controlled trial of outpatient mentalization-based treatment versus structured clinical management for borderline personality disorder. Am J Psychiatry, 166, 1355–64.
Biskin, R. S., & Paris, J. (2012). Management of borderline personality disorder. CMAJ, 184(17), 1897-1902. doi: 10.1503/cmaj.112055
Harvard University. (2019). Treating borderline personality disorder. Retrieved from https://www.health.harvard.edu/newsletter_article/treating-borderline-personality-disorder
Linehan, M. (1993). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of borderline personality disorder. New York (NY): Guilford Press.
Study Document
Substance Abuse And Addiction
...Brain 1
The determining factors and the relationship between substance abuse and addiction include time, the build-up of tolerance, the development of craving, and the experience of withdrawal so that the individual no longer wants to ever be without the drug. One who abuses substances is likely to get into legal or social trouble; one who is addicted is one who no longer cares about the repercussions and cares only for the high that the substances promise (Doweiko, 2015).
In my own experience, abuse can turn into addiction as the will gradually gives in to the craving. For instance, I have seen people become alcoholics as they start off just enjoying alcohol. Then they begin enjoying it too much and they get a DUI. Then they realize that they need to straighten out their lives, but eventually things do not go well for them and they end up turning to alcohol……
References
References
Doweiko, H. E. (2015). Concepts of chemical dependency (9th ed.). Stamford, CT: Cengage Learning. ISBN: 9781285455136.
New International Version. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.biblestudytools.com/1-peter/5-10.html
Study Document
Medicating Children
… video Medicating Kids shows, medication changes the child—it changes the behavior, creates a more subdued version of the child, and can alter the brain’s chemical makeup. Encouraging medication at such a young age is also not without its risks, which can be social and familial. In the … understood from a sociological perspective or at least a psychosocial perspective. Robin’s behavior did not necessarily mean there was anything wrong with his brain. What it likely meant was that there was something wrong in his family dynamic and the relationship, culture, and life that he was ……
References
References
Frontline. (2001). Medicating kids. Retrieved from https://www.pbs.org/video/frontline-medicating-kids/
Study Document
Sexual Addiction And Treatment
...Brain Case Study Assessment
Chemical Use Assessment/History and Treatment Recommendations
Name: Alan
DOB/Age: 42
Dates of Interviews: July 10-15, 2019
Evaluator: X
Reason for Assessment
Alan is addicted to pornography and masturbation and wants to stop looking at pornography while alone. He has been “hooked” since the age of 14 but has never come close to expiring the same feeling he had when he looked at porn for the first time. He wants to stop his addiction because he feels it is hurting his marriage and he does not want to lose his wife, who knows about his one infidelity as well as his addiction and worries that he might stray again. He has already been divorced once and has a son who does not live with him. Clearly he wants to break free of his addiction but does not know how to do it.
Sources of Information
Alan is the……
References
References
Brand, M., Snagowski, J., Laier, C., & Maderwald, S. (2016). Ventral striatum activity when watching preferred pornographic pictures is correlated with symptoms of Internet pornography addiction. Neuroimage, 129, 224-232.
Doweiko, H. E. (2015). Concepts of chemical dependency (9th ed.). Stamford, CT: Cengage Learning.
Gilbert, D. (2014). The Novena to St. Boniface of Tarsus: A Pastoral Program for Addressing Sexual Addiction in Colonial Mexico. Catholic Social Science Review, 19: 87-109.
Laaser, M. (2004). Healing the wounds of sexual addiction. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan.
Manley, G., & Koehler, J. (2001). Sexual behavior disorders: Proposed new classification in the DSM-V. Sexual Addiction &Compulsivity: The Journal of Treatment and Prevention, 8(3-4), 253-265.
McKeague, E. L. (2014). Differentiating the female sex addict: A literature review focused on themes of gender difference used to inform recommendations for treating women with sex addiction. Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity, 21(3), 203-224.
Park, B., Wilson, G., Berger, J., Christman, M., Reina, B., Bishop, F., ... & Doan, A. (2016). Is Internet pornography causing sexual dysfunctions? A review with clinical reports. Behavioral Sciences, 6(3), 17.
Young, K., Pistner, M.,O’Mara, J., & Buchanan, J. (2009). Cyber disorders: the mental health concern for the new millennium. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 2(5), 475-479.
Study Document
Role Of Descriptive Epidemiology In Nursing Science
...Brain Introduction
Public health as a field comprises the convictions, science, and skills relating to the preservation and improvement of the health of the general public through preventative endeavors instead of curative ones. One of the basic sciences that are critical to promoting public health is epidemiology. As a tool, epidemiology is useful in the protection and promotion of public health through the application of common sense as well as scientific reasoning (Stanhope & Lancaster, 2015). One of the main areas of epidemiology is descriptive epidemiology. Descriptive epidemiology focuses on the description of diseases and their determinants. It is useful in the organization and analysis of various diseases and the occurrences of those diseases in the given geographical area over time. Descriptive epidemiology is therefore capable of generating etiological research hypotheses (Liu, 2018). This paper discusses the role of descriptive epidemiology in nursing today.
Descriptive Epidemiology
Descriptive epidemiology refers to a……
References
References
Liu, L., (2018). “Chapter 1 – Introduction.” In Heart Failure: Epidemiology and Research Methods. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 1-12.
Stanhope, M., & Lancaster, J. (2015). Public health nursing-e-book: Population-centered health care in the community. Elsevier Health Sciences.
Richards, E. A., & Cai, Y. (2016). Integrative review of nurse-delivered physical activity interventions in primary care. Western Journal of Nursing Research, 38(4), 484-507.
Katzmarzyk, P. T., Lee, I. M., Martin, C. K., & Blair, S. N. (2017). Epidemiology of physical activity and exercise training in the United States. Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases, 60(1), 3-10.
Mandl, M., Halfens, R. J., & Lohrmann, C. (2015). Incontinence care in nursing homes: a cross?sectional study. Journal of advanced nursing, 71(9), 2142-2152.
Oyesanya, T. O., Bowers, B. J., Royer, H. R., & Turkstra, L. S. (2018). Nurses’ concerns about caring for patients with acute and chronic traumatic brain injury. Journal of clinical nursing, 27(7-8), 1408-1419.
Heavey, E. (2018). Statistics for nursing: A practical approach. Jones & Bartlett Learning.
Colditz, G., Nguyen, N., & Dart, H. (2016). Physical activity and health. In International Encyclopedia of Public Health (pp. 463-472). Elsevier Inc.
Study Document
Managing Behavior In Adolescents And Children Through Solution Focused
… was constrained to peer-audited articles distributed somewhere in the range of 2014 and 2019 in diaries situated in social work, human science, or brain research. With the end goal of this undertaking, notes, meta-investigation surveys, articles, and audits were rejected. Results: SFBT treatment characterized issues and spotlights ……
References
References
Boyer, B., MacKay, K. J., McLeod, B. D., & van der Oord, S. (2018). Comparing Alliance in Two Cognitive-Behavioral Therapies for Adolescents with ADHD Using a Randomized Controlled Trial. Behavior Therapy, 49(5), 781–795. 10.1016/j.beth.2018.01.003
Brockman, M., Hussain, K., Sanchez, B., & Turns, B. (2016). Managing Child Behavior Problems in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders: Utilizing Structural and Solution Focused Therapy with Primary Caregivers. American Journal of Family Therapy, 44(1), 1–10. 10.1080/01926187.2015.1099414
Gonzalez, C. (2017). Recovering Process from Child Sexual Abuse During Adulthood from an Integrative Approach to Solution-Focused Therapy: A Case Study. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 26(7), 785–805. 10.1080/10538712.2017.1354954
Kiser, D. J., & Piercy, F. P. (2014). Creativity and family therapy theory development: Lessons from the founders of solution-focused therapy: The journal of solution focus in organizations. InterAction, 6(2), 51-851645018526?accountid=45782
Smith, T. E., Shelton, V. M., & Richards, K. V. (2016). Solution-focused financial therapy with couples. Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment, 26(5), 452–460. 10.1080/10911359.2015.1087921
Study Document
Huntington Disease Involving Oral Histology And Embryology
...Brain Introduction
Huntington’s disease is one of many neurodegenerative diseases, which has chorea as one of its prevalent symptoms (Hergert, Sanchez-Ramos, & Cimino, 2019, p.1) . Discovered in the late 1800s’ by George Huntington, a young American medical doctor at the time, the disease has gathered interest from the medical community—but with little in the way of a cure. The disease is highly hereditary, with a 50% chance of transference from parent to offspring (Boyle, Frölander & Manley, 2008, p.333; Roos, 2010, p.6). This hereditary property (of this disease) is due to it being a genetic disorder, which is activated in those that exhibit its symptoms. Primarily, every person has the gene that causes Huntington’s disease, and the activation is equally likely in both biological classifications of human gender (Male and Female); however, those that activate its activity have the expanded version of the gene. For those with the defective gene, the……
References
References
Boyle, C. A., Frölander, C., & Manley, G. (2008). Providing Dental Care for Patients with Huntington’s Disease. Dental Update, 35(5), 333–336. doi:10.12968/denu.2008.35.5.333. Retrieved from: https://sci-hub.tw/https://doi.org/10.12968/denu.2008.35.5.333
Hergert, D. C., Sanchez-Ramos, J., & Cimino, C. R. (2019). Awareness of Chorea in Huntington’s Disease. Journal of Huntington’s Disease, 1–5. doi:10.3233/jhd-190381. Retrieved from: https://sci-hub.tw/10.3233/JHD-190381
Manley, G., Lane, H., Carlsson, A., Ahlborg, B., Mårtensson, Å., Nilsson, M. B., … Rae, D. (2012). Guideline for oral healthcare of adults with Huntington’s disease. Neurodegenerative Disease Management, 2(1), 55–65. doi:10.2217/nmt.11.68. Retrieved from: https://sci-hub.tw/https://doi.org/10.2217/nmt.11.68
McColgan, P., & Tabrizi, S. J. (2017). Huntington’s disease: a clinical review. European Journal of Neurology, 25(1), 24–34. doi:10.1111/ene.13413. Retrieved from: https://sci-hub.tw/https://doi.org/10.1111/ene.13413
Petersén, Å., & Weydt, P. (2019). The psychopharmacology of Huntington disease. Handbook of Clinical Neurology, 165(3), 179–189. doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-64012-3.00010-1. Retrieved from: https://sci-hub.tw/10.1016/B978-0-444-64012-3.00010-1
Rodríguez, M. L, Sánchez, V. E. (2015). Periodontitis determining the onset and progression of Huntington\\\\\\'s disease: review of the literature. Medwave, 15(9). doi:10.5867/medwave.2015.09.6293.
Roos, R. A. C. (2010). Huntington’s disease: a clinical review. Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases, 5(1), pp.40-48. doi:10.1186/1750-1172-5-40. Retrieved from: https://sci-hub.tw/https://dx.doi.org/10.1186%2F1750-1172-5-40
Saft, C., Andrich, J. E., Müller, T., Becker, J., & Jackowski, J. (2013). Oral and dental health in Huntington‘s disease - an observational study. BMC Neurology, 13(1), 2-5. doi:10.1186/1471-2377-13-114. Retrieved from: https://sci-hub.tw/https://dx.doi.org/10.1186%2F1471-2377-13-114
Study Document
Cholelithiasis Gallstones Gallbladder Disease
...Brain Introduction
Gallbladder disease, especially cholelithiasis (gallstones) affects over 20 million Americans every year. The condition often goes undiagnosed because cholelithiasis rarely presents symptoms. Abdominal discomfort, nausea, jaundice and biliary colic are some symptoms of the condition. Imaging techniques are the most accurate diagnosis tools for gallbladder diseases. However, laboratory values such as CBC, serum amylase, liver-function testing and lipase can help differentiate the type of gallbladder disease/or identify related issues. Surgery is the most effective treatment for gallbladder disease patients. Exercise, diet, and nutrition affect gallbladder disease. It is important for patients to integrate the healthy habits into their lifestyle to lower the risk of developing gallbladder disorders (Jugenheimer, et al., 2008).
Cholelithiasis (gallstones) is the most common type of gallbladder disease. It affects over 20 million Americans every year, translating to over $6.3 billion in direct costs. Generally, gallstones are asymptomatic. The stones are usually identified during autopsy or……
References
References
Anderson, P. O., Knoben, J. E., & Troutman, W. G. (2010). Clinical drug data. New York: McGraw-Hill Medical.
Al-alem, F., Mattar, R. E., Madkhali, A., Alsharabi, A., Alsaif, F., & Hassanain, M. (April 26, 2017). Incidental Gallbladder Cancer.
Borzellino, G., & Cordiano, C. (2008). Biliary lithiasis: Basic science, current diagnosis, and management. Milan: Springer.
Bullock, ., Shane, ., & Hales, . (2012). Principles of Pathophysiology. Sydney: P. Ed Australia.
In Agresta, F., In Campanile, F. C., & In Vettoretto, N. (2014). Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: An Evidence-based Guide.
In Cox, M. R., In Eslick, G. D., & In Padbury, R. (2018). The management of gallstone disease: A practical and evidence-based approach.
In Wang, D. Q.-H., & In Portincasa, P. A. M. (2017). Gallstones: Recent advances in epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and management.
Jugenheimer, M., Immenroth, M., Berg, T., & Brenner, J. (2008). Laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Heidelberg: Springer.
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