Pay Equity Essays (Examples)
Study Document
Integrated Waveguide Technologies Preparing For A Public Offering
Introduction
Distribution policy is a set of principle stipulating the guidelines for cash dividends pay to the shareholders and stock repurchases. Dividends mean the company's earnings distributed to the stockholders declared during the year, interim dividends, or at … budgeting decision to lower dividends and use the resources for new investment, which potentially decreases the stock prices or the undertake borrowing to pay dividends that result in a stock price increase (Travlos et al., 2001).
According to Farre-Mensa et al. (2014), the stock repurchases have replaced … result in a stock price increase (Travlos et al., 2001).
According to Farre-Mensa et al. (2014), the stock repurchases have replaced cash dividend pay as the prime distributor of a firm's earnings. Skinner (2007) observes that over the decades, the earnings and pay have evolved, yielding three principal categories of firms; firms that make regular stock repurchases and pay dividends, firms that undertake……
References
References
Al-Malkawi, H.-A. N., Rafferty, M., & Pillai, R. (2010). Dividend Policy?: A Review of Literatures and Empirical Evidence. International Bulletin of Business Administration, 5(9), 38–45. https://doi.org/10.12816/0037572
Baker, H. K., & Weigand, R. (2015). Corporate dividend policy revisited. In Managerial Finance (Vol. 41, Issue 2, pp. 126–144). https://doi.org/10.1108/MF-03-2014-0077
Black, F., & Scholes, M. (2010). The effects of dividend yield and dividend policy on common stock prices and returns. In Journal of Financial Economics (Vol. 1, Issue 1, pp. 1–22). https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-405X(74)90006-3
Farre-Mensa, J., Michaely, R., & Schmalz, M. (2014). Payout Policy. Annual Review of Financial Economics, 6, 75–134.
Mohanasundari, M., & Vidhya, P. (2016). Dividend Policy and Its Impact on Firm Value: A Review of Theories and Empirical Evidence. Journal of Management Sciences and Technology, 3(3), 59–69.
Travlos, Trigeorgis, & Vafeas. (2001). No Title. Multinational Finance Journal, 5(2), 87–112.
Study Document
Twitter External Internal Analysis Report To CEO
...Pay equity Appendix
External Analysis
1. PESTEL Analysis
1.1. Political
1.1.1.Global leaders use of social media impacts the political landscape and is able to influence operations. (C-142)
1.1.2. Several high-profile world leaders utilize social media platforms to address their followers, the most notable being U.S. President Donald Trump who tweets regularly to announce global interactions with other political leaders. They also have high interactions and reach with the global community: U.S President Donald Trump had 30.13 million twitter followers as at May 2017 and former U.S. President Barack Obama had 103 million followers as at June 2018 (C-142)
1.1.3. Depending on the political climate in various countries, governments may censor content and access to social media platforms.
1.2. Economics
1.2.1. Generated revenues through advertising, data licensing and other products. products. In 2017, total revenue generated was $2,443, 299, 000 (C-142)
1.2.2. Fluctuating exchange rates and inflation rates can affect overall profit-margins. (C-147)……
References
References
Thompson, Arthur A.,. (2015). Crafting and Executing Strategy: Concepts and Readings..New York: McGraw-Hill Education, (pp. 138-148)
Study Document
Starbucks
… Starbucks had just under $1 billion in total assets, about one-third of which were current assets. The company had minimal leverage, with shareholders’ equity amounting to 80% of the capital structure. In 2009, the growth of the company flatlined, but continued its growth as it came out … fell from $5.563 billion in 2017…[break]…is facing contraction but does not appear to have built that into its financial plan. The decline in equity to the deep negative levels of today is the result of a company that appears to have thought that it would turn it ……
References
References
Cannivet, M. (2019) Starbucks’ big stock buyback limits future upside. Forbes. Retrieved October 4, 2019 from https://www.forbes.com/sites/michaelcannivet/2019/08/29/starbucks-big-stock-buyback-limits-future-upside/#26c434067047
Hawley, J. (2019) Who are Starbucks’ main competitors? Investopedia. Retrieved October 4, 2019 from https://www.investopedia.com/articles/markets/101315/who-are-starbucks-main-competitors.asp
Macrotrends (2019) Starbucks. Macrotrends.com. Retrieved October 4, 2019 from https://www.macrotrends.net/stocks/charts/SBUX/starbucks/financial-statements
Marketwatch (2019) McDonalds Marketwatch. Retrieved October 4, 2019 from https://www.marketwatch.com/investing/stock/mcd/financials
Sharf, S. (2013) Starbucks ordered to pay Kraft $2.8 billion. Forbes. Retrieved October 4, 2019 from https://www.forbes.com/sites/samanthasharf/2013/11/12/starbucks-ordered-to-pay-kraft-2-8-billion/#5516b7fa167d
Starbucks 1999 Annual Report. Retrieved October 4, 2019 from https://s22.q4cdn.com/869488222/files/doc_financials/annual/1999/102640_financials2_99.pdf
The Coffee Brewers (2008) With Starbucks closing 600 shops, is the coffee business still lucrative? The Coffee Brewers. Retrieved October 4, 2019 from https://www.thecoffeebrewers.com/starbucks.html
Study Document
Healthcare Advocacy For The Elderly
… complex arrangement of health care policies, the federal government through the legislative branch could create an easier way for the elderly to gain equity in healthcare. For example, Congress could pass a law that eliminates the out of pocket expenses that elderly persons must pay for care. This paper will discuss how healthcare advocates can aid the elderly population, ethical concerns that should be considered as health advocate … are 1) to organize, inform and rally the community, 2) get engaged politically so that legislation can be passed that will support greater equity for the elderly population in healthcare, and 3) to work with seniors directly so that they know they are being supported.
Organizing the … they can speak on the behalf of the elderly community by sharing their stories and experiences, whether they touch on the inability to pay for care or the isolation they suffer by……
References
References
Brojeni, S. A., Ilali, E. S., Taraghi, Z., & Mousavinasab, N. (2019). Lifestyle and its related factors in elderly. Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Sciences, 6(1), 32.
Community Health Advocates. (2015). Helping New Yorkers get, keep, and use health coverage. Retrieved from: http://www.cssny.org/programs/entry/community-health-advocates
Davoodvand, S., Abbaszadeh, A., & Ahmadi, F. (2016). Patient advocacy from the clinical nurses' viewpoint: A qualitative study. Journal of Medical Ethics & History of Medicine, 9(5), 1-8.
Maryland, M. A., & Gonzalez, R. I. (2012). Patient advocacy in the community and legislative arena. Online Journal of Issues in Nursing, 17(1), 2.
Stainton, H. (2016). Horizon to fund new NJ healthcare advocacy organization. News, Issues, andIinsight for New Jersey. Retrieved from: http://www.njspotlight.com/stories/16/11/21/horizon-to-fund-new-nj-healthcare-advocacy-organization/
Yamada, T., Chen, C. C., Murata, C., Hirai, H., Ojima, T., & Kondo, K. (2015). Access disparity and health inequality of the elderly: unmet needs and delayed healthcare. International journal of environmental research and public health, 12(2), 1745-1772.
Study Document
Shareholder Vs Stakeholder Theory
...Pay equity Introduction
Milton Friedman’s quote gets to the heart of the conflict between shareholder theory vs. stakeholder theory. Shareholder theory posits that a corporation’s sole responsibility is to maximize the return on investment (ROI) for shareholders. Stakeholder theory posits, on the other hand, that a company owes a duty to all stakeholders (not just shareholders)—members of the community, workers, consumers; in short, anyone who is part of or who is impacted in some way by the company. The question is: Do corporations exist only to serve the interests of shareholders or do they also have a responsibility to serve stakeholders as well? This paper will answer that question by looking at the nature and essence of business social responsibility from the standpoint of the four major sources of ethical values in business: Law, Culture, Philosophy, and Religion. It will show that in today’s business environment, stakeholder theory needs to be pursued……
References
References
Augustine. (n.d.). Commentaries on Sermon on the Mount. http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/16011.htm
Chen, J. (2019). Market Milestones as the Bull Market Turns 10. Retrieved from https://www.investopedia.com/market-milestones-as-the-bull-market-turns-10-4588903
Egan, M. (2018). Tax cut triggers $437 billion explosion of stock buybacks. Retrieved from https://money.cnn.com/2018/07/10/investing/stock-buybacks-record-tax-cuts/index.html
Henrich, S. (2019). Unholy alliance. Retrieved from https://northmantrader.com/2019/11/30/unholy-alliance/
Laux, C., & Leuz, C. (2010). Did fair-value accounting contribute to the financial crisis?. Journal of economic perspectives, 24(1), 93-118.
Light, L. (2019). More than Half of All Stock Buybacks are Now Financed by Debt. Here’s Why That’s a Problem. Retrieved from https://fortune.com/2019/08/20/stock-buybacks-debt-financed/
Mullen, C. (2019). People want to buy \\\\\\'local\\\\\\' food, but they\\\\\\'re not sure what it means. Retrieved from https://www.bizjournals.com/bizwomen/news/latest-news/2019/05/people-want-to-buy-local-food-but-theyre-not-sure.html?page=all
Putka, G. (2019). Insiders are selling. Retrieved from https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/company-insiders-are-selling-stock-during-buyback-programs-and-making-additional-profits-when-stock-prices-jump-and-its-legal/2019/11/06/fc592f58-e493-11e9-a331-2df12d56a80b_story.html
Study Document
Motivation
… the trade-off between excessive labor and long hours fails to seem worth it to employees (James, 2019). As Gerhart and Fang (2015) explain, pay, benefits and bonuses are extrinsic motivators that companies use to push employees to meet targets. However, at some point employees will conduct a ……
References
References
Automotive News. (2019). Tesla burning through execs like cash. Retrieved from https://www.autonews.com/executives/tesla-burning-through-execs-cash
Gerhart, B., & Fang, M. (2015). Pay, intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, performance, and creativity in the workplace: Revisiting long-held beliefs. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 2, 489-521
James, G. (2019). Elon Musk Ain't All that Great at Motivating Employees. Retrieved from https://www.inc.com/geoffrey-james/elon-musk-ant-all-that-great-at-motivating-employees.html
Maslow, A. H. (1943). A theory of human motivation. Psychological Review, 50(4), 370.
Wong, C. (2018). Tesla workers say they pay the price for Elon Musk's big promises. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2018/jun/13/tesla-workers-pay-price-elon-musk-failed-promises
Youssef-Morgan, C. & Noon, A. (2017). Industrial/Organizational psychology (2nd ed.). Retrieved from https://content.ashford.edu/ " target="_blank" REL="NOFOLLOW">
Study Document
Defending The Practice Of Social Media Marketing
… products (Lou & Yuan, 2019). Through influencers, blogs, video-sharing platforms, and messaging apps, companies can use social media to gain followers, build brand equity, and answer questions and tease coming products (Ki & Kim, 2019). Thus, companies that want to influence the consumer’s intention to purchase are … narrative in moments of crisis. The pros are that consumers feel connected to a company that cares about them, and the company’s brand equity can grow as consumer confidence in the company’s image increases through this level of direct engagement and interaction.
The cons are that social ……
References
References
Ki, C. W. C., & Kim, Y. K. (2019). The mechanism by which social media influencers persuade consumers: The role of consumers’ desire to mimic. Psychology & Marketing, 36(10), 905-922.
Lim, X. J., Radzol, A. M., Cheah, J., & Wong, M. W. (2017). The impact of social media influencers on purchase intention and the mediation effect of customer attitude. Asian Journal of Business Research, 7(2), 19-36.
Lou, C., & Yuan, S. (2019). Influencer marketing: how message value and credibility affect consumer trust of branded content on social media. Journal of Interactive Advertising, 19(1), 58-73.
Study Document
Healthcare Ethics Bioethics Decisions
… the liver.
This case raises several moral questions. If every patient is deemed equally as worthy and valuable, according to ethical principles like equity and justice, then how is it possible to favor one person over the other? The answer to that question would be first to ……
References
References
“Ethical Theory and Bioethics,” (n.d.).
“Principles of Ethics,” (n.d.).
Steinbock, B., London, A.J. & Arras, J.D. (n.d.). Ethical issues in modern medicine. 8th edition. McGraw Hill.
Study Document
Family Business Reliance Industries Ambani Family
… pocket. This means that families have an enormous stake in their own companies and they reflect that stake in terms of how they pay for labor and resources. As Sraer and Thesmar (2007) show, family owned companies “pay lower wages, even allowing for skill and age structure” while also making a strong effort to “smooth out industry shocks and manage to … company and involved in the industry, and to preserve their bottom line they tend to “employ more unskilled, cheap labor, use less capital, pay lower interest rates on debt and initiate more profitable acquisitions” (Sraer & Thesmar, 2007, p. 3). Heirs and family run businesses are more … owners. These findings are at odds, however, with the findings of Sraer and Thesmar (2007) who show that family owners have much more equity in the company and thus are more likely to be efficient and effective decisions.
McConaughy,……
References
References
Burkart, M., Panunzi, F. and Shleifer, A., 2003. Family firms. The journal of finance, 58(5), pp.2167-2201.
Daily, C.M. and Dollinger, M.J., 1991. Family firms are different. Review of Business, 13(1-2), pp.3-6.
McConaughy, D.L., Matthews, C.H. and Fialko, A.S., 2001. Founding family controlled firms: Performance, risk, and value. Journal of small business management, 39(1), pp.31-49.
Ray, A., 2020. Reliance to pay twice. Retrieved from https://www.livemint.com/news/india/reliance-to-pay-twice-to-those-employees-who-earn-below-rs-30-000-11585033829993.html
Reliance Industries, Limited, 2019. Retrieved from https://www.ril.com/DownloadFiles/Subsidiaries%20and%20major%20Associates%20of%20RIL.pdf
RIL Annual Report, 2019. Retrieved from https://www.ril.com/getattachment/2b3a5223-b9a3-4bc1-b9b6-99f9b1e85a07/Financial%20performance%20for%20the%20year%20ended%2031%20Mar,%202019.aspx
Sraer, D. and Thesmar, D., 2007. Performance and behavior of family firms: Evidence from the French stock market. Journal of the european economic Association, 5(4), pp.709-751.
Study Document
Operations Management And Business Strategy
… the money to get the absolute best, which would typically occur from visiting the growing region and making connections with individual coffee farmers. pay a premium can ensure a stronger relationship with the supplier. Fiyeli needs to start building relationships is critical target companies – Ethiopia, Guatemala, … issue in coffee. The typical issue is with regards to the farmers, and their ability to earn a fair wage and rate of pay for their work. Fiyeli works with star growers, and because of that, pay them a healthy wage, especially when buying direct. This version of fair trade, conducted without certification but with public reporting, helps the company … extent into vertical integration to make this happen. The company will also have specific reporting on domestic issues such as fair wages, wage equity, and other initiatives that are generally of concern in America, where corporate social responsibility is concerned.……
References
References
Aburto, L. & Weber, R. (2005) Improved supply chain management based on hybrid demand forecasts. Applied Soft Computing. Retrieved June 13, 2019 from https://s3.amazonaws.com/academia.edu.documents/30284637/demand_forecast_in_a_supermarket_using_a_hybrid_intelligent_system.pdf
CT Magazine (2012) Coffee packaging freshness. Coffee Talk Magazine. Retrieved June 13, 2019 from https://coffeetalk.com/ctmagazine/10-2012/3926/
Del Valle, G. (2019) Wholesale coffee is cheaper than it has been in years. That’s not good news. Vox. Retrieved June 13, 2019 from https://www.vox.com/the-goods/2019/4/25/18512680/coffee-futures-price-dropping-brazil-currency
Garza, E. & Hoffman, M. (2019) How climate change is killing coffee. Knowledge @ Wharton. Retrieved June 13, 2019 from https://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/article/coffee-climate-change/
Khan, O. & Creazza, A. (2005) The impact of product design on the supply chain. Chartered Institute of Logistics and Transport Retrieved June 13, 2019 from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/265492088_The_Impact_of_Product_Design_on_the_Supply_Chain_The_Impact_of_Product_Design_on_the_Supply_Chain
Manetti, G. & Becatti, L. (2009). Assurance services for sustainability reports: Standards and empirical evidence. Journal of Business Ethics. Vol. 87 (2009) 289-298.
Mersie, A. (2019) Coffee prices seen rising 25% by year end. Reuters Retrieved June 13, 2019 from https://www.reuters.com/article/us-global-coffee-poll/coffee-prices-seen-rising-nearly-25-percent-by-year-end-reuters-poll-idUSKCN1Q11JD
Mordor Intelligence (2017) United States coffee market – growth, trends and forecasts. Mordor Intelligence Retrieved June 13, 2019 from https://www.mordorintelligence.com/industry-reports/united-states-coffee-market
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