Nicotine Essays (Examples)
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Anxiety And Depression Treatment Through Mindfulness
...Nicotine Abnormal Psychology Questions
Q1. According to your text please describe how negative reinforcement increases the avoidance behaviors often associated with anxiety.
Negative reinforcement refers to the withdrawal of an unpleasant stimulus to reward behavior. Using operant conditioning in a laboratory experiment, this might be accomplished by the withdrawal of an unpleasant sound when the desired behavior is completed. However, in the real world, for someone experiencing anxiety, the usual way in which someone suffering from this psychological disorder deals with the unpleasant feelings of anxiety (pounding heart, sweating, and racing thoughts) is to withdraw from the situation and avoid the triggering stimulus. Although this, on the surface, might seem to be sensible on the one hand, on the other hand it can result in the anxious individual becoming socially withdrawn or avoiding positive life experiences because of the fear. For fears of very common things—such as driving—it can significantly impair……
References
References
Cameron, O.G. (2007). Understanding comorbid depression and anxiety, 24 (14). Retrieved from: https://www.psychiatrictimes.com/anxiety/understanding-comorbid-depression-and- anxiety
Facts and Statistics. (2020). Anxiety and Depression Association of America. Retrieved from: https://adaa.org/about-adaa/press-room/facts-statistics
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Program Rationale On Vaping
… is unsafe for kids, teens, and young adults” (CDC, 2020). As a matter of fact, most e-cigarettes, as CDC further points out, have nicotine as one of the ingredients. In addition to having a negative effect on the brain development of adolescents, nicotine is also highly addictive and as CDC observes, teens who smoke e-cigarettes have a significantly high likelihood of embracing cigarette smoking later on ……
References
References
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention – CDC (2020). Quick Facts on the Risks of E-cigarettes for Kids, Teens, and Young Adults. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/basic_information/e-cigarettes/Quick-Facts-on-the-Risks-of-E-cigarettes-for-Kids-Teens-and-Young-Adults.html
County of Placer (2019). Placer, Others See Increase in Teen Vaping. Retrieved from https://www.placer.ca.gov/Blog.aspx?IID=8
National Institute of Drug Abuse – NIDA (2016). Teens and E-cigarettes. Retrieved from https://www.drugabuse.gov/related-topics/trends-statistics/infographics/teens-e-cigarettes
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Cigarette Warning Labels And Advertising
… smoking; higher exposure to tobacco industry advertisements was associated with more smoking” (p .751). However, for the already addicted, the physical aspects of nicotine cannot be ignored and cannot necessarily be deterred with effective advertising. There must be smoking cessation programs supported by all health insurance plans, ……
References
References
Dalton, M. A., Longacre, M. R., Drake, K. M., Cleveland, L. P., Harris, J. L., Hendricks, K., & Titus, L. J. (2017). Child-targeted fast-food television advertising exposure is linked with fast-food intake among pre-school children. Public Health Nutrition, 20(9), 1548–1556. Retrieved from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5758305/
Emery, S., Kim, Y., Choi, Y. K., Szczypka, G., Wakefield, M., & Chaloupka, F. J. (2012). The effects of smoking-related television advertising on smoking and intentions to quit among adults in the United States: 1999-2007. American Journal of Public Health, 102(4), 751– 757. Retrieved from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3489369/
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