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… feminism does not become whitewashed. Patriarchal social norms have prevented the women of hip hop from receiving the accolades they deserve, but the artists who have made it their business have paved the way for younger women to take control over their image, music, and branding. Women … even then contribute to the ongoing discourse of what it means to be black and female in America. Scores of female hip hop artists, MCs, rappers, and producers have made their mark on the industry, transforming hip hop culture, ethics, aesthetics, and the business itself.
One of … of the main contributions women have made to the genre is by transforming the public perception of hip hop in general. Some female artists have helped legitimize hip hop, bringing it into the mainstream. For example, one of the earliest female rappers, MC Lyte, became ”the first … female rapper nominated for a……
Works Cited
Bruce, La Mar Jurelle. “’The People Inside My Head, Too’: Madness, Black Womanhood, and the Radical Performance of Lauryn Hill.” African American Review, Vol. 45, No. 3 (2012): 371-389.
Jamerson, J’na. ““Best-of” lists and conversations often exclude women. Why?” BBC. 8 Oct, 2019. Retrieved from http://www.bbc.com/culture/story/20191007-why-are-there-so-few-women-in-best-of-hip-hop-polls
Morris, Tyana. “The Evolution of Women in Hip Hop.” The Pine Needle. 31 Jan, 2018. Retreived from https://www.pineneedlenews.com/single-post/2018/01/31/The-Evolution-of-Women-in-Hip-Hop
Orcutt, KC. “Each One, Teach One | What generations of women in hip hop teach us about perseverance.” Revolt. Oct 16, 2019. Retrieved from https://www.revolt.tv/2019/10/16/20917629/women-in-hip-hop-lessons
Oware, Matthew. “A ‘Man’s Woman’?” Journal of Black Studies, Vol. 39, No. 5 (2007): 786-802.
Tillet, S. (2014). Strange Sampling: Nina Simone and Her Hip-Hop Children. American Quarterly, 66(1), 119–137. doi:10.1353/aq.2014.0006
UDiscover (2019). Let’s talk about the female MCs who shaped hip-hop. Dec 9, 2019. Retrieved from https://www.udiscovermusic.com/stories/the-female-rappers-who-shaped-hip-hop/
White, Theresa R. “Missy “Misdemeanor” Elliott and Nicki Minaj.” Journal of Black Studies, Vol. 44, No. 6, (2013): 607–626. doi:10.1177/0021934713497365
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… are even being felt today in the 21st century.
How the Women Shaped Their Culture
Sofonisba Anguissola
There were not many celebrated female artists of the Renaissance, but Sofonisba Anguissola was one of them and her artistry helped pave the way for other female artists, who were inspired by her works. Her skill, however, was not just admired by women. Michelangelo—the artist responsible for David, the Pieta, the Sistine Chapel ceiling and the Last Supper—was deeply impressed and gave her considerable guidance, as was the … ceiling and the Last Supper—was deeply impressed and gave her considerable guidance, as was the Dutch painter Van Dyck, who as a young artist visited with her when she was in her late 90s in order to learn the “true principles” of painting from a true master … true master (Chisholm, 1911). Her 1565 portrait of Queen Elisabeth of Valois was considered a……
References
Chisholm, H. (1911). Sophonisba Angussola. Encyclopædia Britannica, 2 (11th ed.), Cambridge University Press, p. 44.
Jones, E. M. (2000). Libido dominandi: Sexual liberation and political control. South Bend, IN: St. Augustine’ Press.
Juhasz, S. (1983). Feminist Critics Read Emily Dickinson. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
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Wollstonecraft, M. (1792). Vindication of the Rights of Woman. https://www.bartleby.com/144/4.html
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… prudish Victorian aspect). Puritanism and prurience defined the two juxtaposing poles. Realism was like the middle ground, the area of the field that artists sought to highlight. Yet, for artists like Courbet, Daumier and Manet, certain subjects—like a mother holding a sleeping baby in the nursing pose on a third-class train, or lesbian … the art-going public would have flinched to be forced to look at in comparison with its own levels of society. Yet these three artists did just that to their public. Daumier compared the upper classes to the lower classes in the carriage set, and Manet dared the ……
References
Browne, E. (2020). The third-class carriage. Retrieved from https://www.sartle.com/artwork/the-third-class-carriage-honore-daumier
Clark, T. J. (1999). The painting of modern life. Princeton.
Michallat, W. (2007). Lesbian inscriptions in Francophone society and culture. Durham Modern Languages.
Millett-Gallantt, A. (2010). The disabled body in contemporary art. Palgrave Macmillan.
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… complex one that both celebrates youthful joys and energy while also taking different roads towards instigating a dialogue as well. Some hip hop artists have been thoughtful and have challenged the status quo with lyrics and albums that have provoked discussion in a sober-minded way (such as … all races and genders at times in their lives no matter where they live. Its use of sampling tracks from other songs and artists that are not in any way associated with hip hop has enabled the genre of music to reinvent songs and sounds in a … of music to reinvent songs and sounds in a way that brings new life and new blood to art form. By sampling other artists hip hop culture has transcended the status quo and incorporated everything that has come before into something that is unique in much the … is thus a blend of……
Works Cited
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Best, Steven, and Douglas Kellner. "Rap, black rage, and racial difference." Enculturation 2.2 (1999): 1-23.
Brown, Jake. Tupac Shakur, (2-Pac) in the Studio: The Studio Years (1989-1996). Phoenix, AZ: Colossus Books, 2005.
Decker, Jeffrey Louis. "The state of rap: Time and place in hip hop nationalism." Social Text 34 (1993): 53-84.
Fluker, Walter. The Stones that the Builders Rejected. Harrisburg, PA: Trinity Press International, 1998.
Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five. “The Message.” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PobrSpMwKk4
Jones, E. Michael. Libido Dominandi: Sexual Liberation and Political Control. South Bend, IN: St. Augustine’s Press, 2000.
Pareles, Jon. “Hip-Hop Is Rock ’n’ Roll, and Hall of Fame Likes It.” The New York Times, 13 March 2007. https://www.nytimes.com/2007/03/13/arts/music/13hall.html
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… eponymous Lynch, whose letter on how to control slaves opened this essay) with nature. The poem was later turned into a song that artists from Billie Holiday to Nina Simone sung throughout the following decades. Simone’s came at a time when the problem of racism in America … the American public by mass media, endlessly, in the 1990s.
But they were not the only images. At the same time, hip hop artists were doing their part to perpetuate a negative stereotype of blacks as aggressive, thuggish and immoral (Guy). As Heaggans states, “hip-hop artists have taken on the tools of oppression and become the oppressor by perpetuating historically negative images and messages that many whites and others … historically negative images and messages that many whites and others still hold true about black…[break]…minorities in the mainstream media. Though the hip hop artists of the modern era have been criticized……
Works Cited
Adorno, Theodor and M. Horkheimer. The culture industry: Enlightenment as mass deception. Stardom and celebrity: A reader, 34, 2007.
Aldrige, Derick. “From Civil Rights to Hip Hop: Toward a Nexus of Ideas.” http://www.thehiphopproject.org/site/pdfs/hhp_civilRights.pdf
Blair, Elizabeth. “The Strange Story of the Man behind Strange Fruit.” NPR. http://www.npr.org/2012/09/05/158933012/the-strange-story-of-the-man-behind-strange-fruit
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… anger and resentment, which is compounded by other media depictions of black activities especially those in hip hop, rap and music videos by artists like 50 Cent or Lil Wayne. Blacks are portrayed as womanizing drug addicted hoodlums. Kanye West confesses that he too used to portray ……
References
Adorno, T. & Horkheimer, M. (2007). The culture industry: Enlightenment as mass deception. Stardom and celebrity: A reader, 34, 2007.
Bandura, A. (2018). Toward a psychology of human agency: Pathways and reflections. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 13(2), 130-136. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691617699280
Breger, M. L. (2017). Reforming by re-norming: How the legal system has the potential to change a toxic culture of domestic violence. J. Legis., 44, 170.
Cashmore, E. (2006). The Black culture industry. Routledge.
Coleman, L. (1974). Carl Van Vechten Presents the New Negro. Studies in the Literary Imagination, 7(2), 85.
Cramer, E. P., Choi, Y. J., & Ross, A. I. (2017). Race, Culture, and Abuse of Persons with Disabilities. In Religion, Disability, and Interpersonal Violence (pp. 89-110). Champaign, IL: Springer.
Davis, A. (2012). The Meaning of Freedom. San Francisco, CA: City Light Books.
Decker, J. L. (1993). The state of rap: Time and place in hip hop nationalism. Social Text, (34), 53-84.
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… and Marvin continued to work primarily as a drummer for other bands.
In 1962, Marvin began to have more success as an R&B artist with his album Stubborn Kind of Fool. Marvin continued to work for Motown and had a series of hits recording works like “Ain’t ……
References
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Ritz, D. (1991). Divided Soul: The Life of Marvin Gaye. Cambridge, Mass: Da Capo Press.
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Whitburn, Joel (2004). The Billboard Book of Top 40 Hits: Complete Chart Information About America's Most Popular Songs and Artists, 1955–2003. Billboard Books.
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… the ultimate mirror for reflecting who people are, what their strengths are and what their weaknesses are. It was Shakespeare who said that artists “hold the mirror up to nature” to show man what he is. In the 20th century, the humanities have been very helpful in ……
References
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… riches started to push the faith to the margins. Sacred plainchant was supplanted by more and more secular music and the great musical artists of the later centuries, from Mozart to Beethoven to Brahms to Wagner, all produced mainly secular pieces. The sacredness of music that existed ……
Works Cited
Grout, Donald. A History of Western Music. New York: W. W. Norton & Co, 1960.
Hiley, David. Western Plainchant: A Handbook. Clarendon Press, 1995.
Laux, J. Church History. IL: TAN, 1989.
Meconi, Honey. Hildegard of Bingen. University of Illinois Press, 2018.
Wilson, David. Music of the Middle Ages Schirmer Books, 1990.
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… has crept into the black community and has become part of the culture. That culture exploded with the rise of gangsta rap and artists like NWA rapping about the realities of violence on the streets. Other hip hop artists like Tupac Shakur, however, adopted a different tone…[break]…sense of purpose. If a community is robbed of its identity because of a perception of ……
References
Brown, J. (2005). Tupac Shakur, (2-Pac) in the Studio: The Studio Years (1989-1996). Phoenix, AZ: Colossus Books.
Carbado, D. W. (2017). From Stop and Frisk to Shoot and Kill: Terry v. Ohio's Pathway to Police Violence. UCLA L. Rev., 64, 1508.
Howard University. (2020). PHD in social work. Retrieved from https://socialwork.howard.edu/admissions/programs-study/phd-social-work " target="_blank" REL="NOFOLLOW">
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