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… title that signified the respect of Muslims for the Ottoman rulers (Faroqhi 1994, 74). However, the Ottomans were not direct descendents of the prophet, and so their authority was always tenuous at best. To maintain the well-wishes of the people, the Ottomans had to engage in various ……
Bibliography
Anderson, Scott. 2014. Lawrence in Arabia: War, Deceit, Imperial Folly and the Making of the Modern Middle East. Atlantic Books.
Faroqhi, Suraiya. 1994. Pilgrims and Sultans: The Hajj under the Ottomans 1517–1683. London: I. B. Tauris.
Faroqhi, Suraiya. 2004. The Ottoman Empire and the World Around It. London: IB Tauris.
Khaled Fahmy. 2009. Mehmed Ali: From Ottoman Governor to Ruler of Egypt (Oxford:Oneworld Publications.
Murphy, David. 2008. The Arab Revolt 1916–18 Lawrence sets Arabia Ablaze. Osprey: London.
Wilson, Mary C. 'The Hashemites, the Arab Revolt, and Arab Nationalism' in The Origins of Arab Nationalism (1991), ed. Rashid Khalidi, pp. 204–24. Columbia University Press.
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