Study Document
… expected to be diagnosed with Alzheimer's by the year 2020 (Alzheimer’s Association, 2015). PD represents a neurodegenerative ailment that is marked by dopaminergic neuron degeneration within the pars compacta area of the brain's substantia nigra (Hwang, Gill, Pathak, & Subramanian, 2018). The degeneration occurs due to dopamine-generating nerve cell degeneration … lower levels of neurotransmitter, dopamine, within the patient's brain, vital to body movement regulation.
Parkinson's' clinical symptoms emerge when roughly 70 percent of neurons that produce dopamine get damaged. They include bradykinesia (or a slowing down of physical movement), tremors or shaking, muscular rigidity or stiffness, pain, ……
References
Alzheimer’s Association. (2015). 2015 Alzheimer\\\\'s disease facts and figures. Alzheimer\\\\'s & Dementia, 11(3), 332-384. doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2015.02.003.
Bali, P., Lahiri, D., Banik, A., Nehru, B., & Anand, A. (2017). Potential for Stem Cells Therapy in Alzheimer’s Disease: Do Neurotrophic Factors Play Critical Role? Current Alzheimer Research, 14(2), 208-220. doi:10.2174/1567205013666160314145347
Goodarzi, P., Aghayan, H. R., Larijani, B., Soleimani, M., Dehpour, A. R., Sahebjam, M., … Arjmand, B. (2015). Stem cell-based approach for the treatment of Parkinson\\\\'s disease. Medical journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 29, 168.
Herberts, C. A., Kwa, M. S., & Hermsen, H. P. (2011). Risk factors in the development of stem cell therapy. Journal of Translational Medicine, 9(1). doi:10.1186/1479-5876-9-29
Hwang, S., Gill, S., Pathak, S., & Subramanian, S. (2018, March 30). A Comparison of Stem Cell Therapies for Parkinson Disease | Published in Georgetown Medical Review. Retrieved June 11, 2019, from https://gmr.scholasticahq.com/article/3420-a-comparison-of-stem-cell-therapies-for-parkinson-disease
Railton, D. (2019, February 18). Stem cells: Therapy, controversy, and research. Retrieved June 11, 2019, from https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/200904.php
The Research Journal. (2017, September 20). Alzheimer\\\\'s and Parkinson\\\\'s - the current state of research. Retrieved June 11, 2019, from https://www.pasteur.fr/en/research-journal/reports/alzheimer-s-and-parkinson-s-current-state-research
Study Document
… improper related patellar reflex may mainly indicate a central nervous system (CNS) injury.
The sensory input specifically from the quadriceps usually activates local interneurons which release the inhibitory associated neurotransmitter glycine onto the motor neurons associated with the antagonist's muscles, specifically blocking the particular sustained stimulation of such antagonistic (hamstring) muscles (Marieb, 2018). The relaxation associated with the … associated with the opposing muscle often facilitates mostly by not specifically…[break]…always is known as a reflex arc. In the higher animals, several sensory neurons never pass directly or specifically into the brain, but basically, synapse particularly in the spinal cord.
Such a characteristic often allows reflex actions … the spinal cord.
Such a characteristic often allows reflex actions immediately to occur quite relatively quickly through the activation of the spinal motor neurons particularly without delay associated with routing signals specifically through the brain, although the specific brain will eventually receive……
References
Goldberger, J. J., Arora, R., Buckley, U., & Shivkumar, K. (2019). Autonomic nervous system dysfunction: JACC focus seminar. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 73(10), 1189-1206.
Horn, C. C., Ardell, J. L., & Fisher, L. E. (2019). Electroceutical targeting of the autonomic nervous system. Physiology, 34(2), 150-162.
Kenneth, S. S. (2017). Anatomy & Physiology: The unity of form and function. McGraw-Hill.
Marieb, E. & Hoehn, K. (2018). Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th ed). Boston, MA: Pearson. ISBN: 9780134756363
Steinman, K. J., Spence, S. J., Ramocki, M. B., Proud, M. B., Kessler, S. K., Marco, E. J., ... & Sherr, E. H. (2016). 16p11. 2 deletions and duplication: Characterizing neurologic phenotypes in a large clinically ascertained cohort. American journal of medical genetics Part A, 170(11), 2943-2955.
Study Document
… is a neurodegenerative disorder that results in the irreversible loss of brain functionality. Alzheimer’s Disease is the most common form and results from neurons in the brain dying; frontotemporal disorders and Lewy body dementia are others; vascular dementia occurs as a result of blockages or bleeding blood … recommend exercising regularly, not smoking, and having an active social life—which they not has positive stimulating effects on the brain and may help neurons from dying. One of the main keys to prevention, however, is to boost one’s resilience (Livingston et al., 2017).
Resilience can be increased ……
References
Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. (2015). Non-pharmacologic Interventions for Agitation and Aggression in Dementia. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Retrieved from http://effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/index.cfm/search-for-guides-reviews-and-reports/?productid=1999&pageaction=displayproduct
Livingston, G., Sommerlad, A., Orgeta, V., Costafreda, S. G., Huntley, J., Ames, D., ... & Cooper, C. (2017). Dementia prevention, intervention, and care. The Lancet, 390(10113), 2673-2734.
McCleery, J., Abraham, R. P., Denton, D. A., Rutjes, A. W., Chong, L. Y., Al?Assaf, A.S., ... & Di Nisio, M. (2018). Vitamin and mineral supplementation for preventing dementia or delaying cognitive decline in people with mild cognitive impairment. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (11).
Van Baal, P. H., Hoogendoorn, M., & Fischer, A. (2016). Preventing dementia by promoting physical activity and the long-term impact on health and social care expenditures. Preventive medicine, 85, 78-83.
Study Document
… and secretion of proteins that protect the brain from damage. Finally, exercise helps generate new brain cells to help support the function of neurons. Through the utilization of cardio exercises I expect my fat levels to decline thus allowing more oxygen and nutrients to permeate my nervous ……
References:
1. Karavidas, A. et al. (2010). Aging and the cardiovascular system. Hellenic Journal of Cardiology, 51, 5, 421-427.
2. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Healthy People 2020. Available at: http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/default.aspx .
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