Philosophers Essays (Examples)
Study Document
How Does Philosophy Relate To Biblical Studies
Introduction
Historically, Biblical theology and philosophy had so many things in common and thus complemented each other. Philosophers and theologians even considered themselves mortal enemies in certain cases. Most Christianity doctrines have critical implications or pre-suppositions on philosophy. The discussion begins … thoughts into Biblical theology was not in order. Therefore, even though some theological thoughts and claims seemed reasonable in the eyes of some philosophers, a true Christian should never flinch (McLean, 2012). According to the theologian, philosophy has the tendency of corrupting biblical theology and coming up … philosophy with Biblical theology. According to Justin Martyr, the likes of Socrates and Heraclitus possessed revelation’s divine light. He believed they were authentic philosophers. He believed Christianity is the True Philosophy. Therefore, her utilized philosophical terms and techniques to argue for Christianity. Another influential theologian in the … its authenticity. The views of Augustine were defended widely. Justin, instead, recommended……
References
References
Addinall, P. (1991). Philosophy and biblical interpretation: A study in nineteenth-century conflict. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Amanze, N. (2012). Biblical Studies, Theology, Religion and Philosophy: An Introduction for African Universities.
Carson, D. A. (2012). Christ and culture revisited. Grand Rapids, MI ; Cambridge: Eerdmans.
DeWeese, G. J. (2011). Doing Philosophy as a Christian. Westmont: InterVarsity Press.
Hamilton, J. M. (2010). God\\'s glory in salvation through judgment: A biblical theology. Wheaton, Ill: Crossway.
Hamilton, J. M. (2014). What is biblical theology?: A guide to the Bible\\'s story, symbolism, and patterns.
In Bartholomew, C. G. (2011). \\"Behind\\" the text: History and Biblical Interpretation.
Johnson, D. (2014). Biblical knowing: A scriptural epistemology of error. Havertown: James Clarke & Co.
Study Document
Natural Law In Catholic Social Teaching
… ethics were articulated by Aristotle in classical Greek philosophy and have been a mainstay of Western philosophy ever since, being discussed by Roman philosophers, early Church Fathers and Scholastics in the Middle Ages. It was not until the Reformation and the Age of Enlightenment when modern society … and the Age of Enlightenment when modern society began to reject the Old World values where natural law conformed with moral law. Enlightenment philosophers like Jean-Jacques Rousseau abandoned the notion of Original Sin and of fallen human nature and viewed natural law from a liberal perspective in … and redemption, for outside those parameters are only empty worldly solutions based on false hopes, political promises, and short-sighted economic solutions. The Enlightenment philosophers argued that man in his natural state was sufficient unto himself.
Such was Rousseau’s point of view, which is why he argued mostly … government to gain that power.……
References
Bibliography
Barton, George Aaron. A critical and exegetical commentary on the book of Ecclesiastes. Vol. 17. Scribner, 1908.
Hunt, Lynn. \\\\\\"Introduction: The Revolutionary Origins of Human Rights.\\\\\\" In The French Revolution and Human Rights: A Brief History with Documents, 2nd Edition, edited by Lynn Hunt, 1-31. Boston: Bedford, 2016 National Assembly. “Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen, 26 August 1789.”
Liberte, Egalite, Fraternite. Accessed November 4, 2019. http://chnm.gmu.edu/revolution/exhibits/show/liberty--equality--fraternity/item/3216
Pope, Stephen J. “Natural Law in Catholic Social Teachings.” https://www.bc.edu/content/dam/files/centers/boisi/pdf/f09/Pope_Natural_Law_In.pdf
United States Conference of Catholic Bishops, “Seven Themes of Catholic Social Teaching,” http://www.usccb.org/beliefs-and-teachings/what-we-believe/catholic-social-teaching/seven-themes-of-catholic-social-teaching.cfm
Study Document
Sexual Behavior And Sexual Morality
… being around this topic that is rooted like sex and what function it plays in the life of a human being (Primoratz, 2013). Philosophers have long argued and named sexual activities with different analogies, until Bertrand Russell and Sigmund Freud, who considered sex as morally righteous (Halwani, … It focuses on sexual morality from a metaphysical level to deeply analyze its nature, its origin, and its importance (Soble).
Metaphysical, sexual optimist philosophers have a very open-minded view of sexuality and consider that sexuality is a connecting act between individuals, making them happy and involve them … (Soble). Even Masturbation and Homosexuality is not considered immoral by the secular viewpoint, even though it might be unwise or unnatural for different philosophers to study. However, it still fundamentally harms no one in the process. Thus it is not immoral (Soble). For the liberalist's view, consent ……
References
References
Goldman, A. H. (2019, February 12). Why Sexual Morality Doesn\\\\\\'t Exist. iai News.
Haidt, J., & Hersh, M. A. (2001). Sexual Morality: The Cultures and Emotions of Conservatives and Liberals. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 191-221.
Halwani, R. (2018, October 19). Sex and Sexuality. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
Haqiqatjou, D. (2005, September 17). Ashley Madison and the Problem of Liberal Sexual Ethics. Public Discourse.
McCord, G. S. (2012, January 26). Metaethics. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
Primoratz, I. (2001). Sexual Morality: Is Consent Enough? Ethical Theory and Moral Practise.
Primoratz, I. (2013, February 01). Sexual Morality. Wiley Online Library.
Soble, A. (n.d.). Philosophy of Sexuality. Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
Study Document
Theism And The Moral Argument
… of Morality (Oxford University Press, 2011), 169.]
Moral Knowledge
Moral knowledge is typically viewed as an end in and of itself by atheistic philosophers. They see moral knowledge as simply a facet of the human experience—and organizing principle for human societies, which have evolved over time and … of course the argument is a bit of a non-sequitur. Where faith is concerned is a different matter altogether. The issue that theist philosophers have is that morality itself cannot have come from anywhere else but God. If it is used as an organizing principle, it is ……
References
Bibliography
Baggett, David and Jerry Walls. God and Cosmos. Oxford University Press, 2016.
Baggett, David and Jerry Walls. Good God: The Theistic Foundations of Morality. Oxford University Press, 2011.
Evans, Stephen. God and Moral Obligation. Oxford University Press, 2013.
Study Document
Marcus Aurelius
… ethics were articulated by Aristotle in classical Greek philosophy and have been a mainstay of Western philosophy ever since, being discussed by Roman philosophers, early Church Fathers and Scholastics in the Middle Ages. It was not until the Reformation and the Age of Enlightenment when modern society … and the Age of Enlightenment when modern society began to reject the Old World values where natural law conformed with moral law. Enlightenment philosophers like Jean-Jacques Rousseau abandoned the notion of Original Sin and of fallen human nature and viewed natural law from a liberal perspective in … generations, the absolute vital importance of submitting to their wisdom and restraining one’s own passions. Rousseau who is basically one of the founding philosophers of modern thought argued in The Social Contract that people are…[break]…points to his father for learning how to cultivate a mild temper—but he ……
References
Works Cited
Anderson, Ryan. “Sex Reassignment Doesn’t Work. Here Is the Evidence.” Heritage, 2018. https://www.heritage.org/gender/commentary/sex-reassignment-doesnt-work-here-the-evidence
Aurelius, Marcus. Book One. Meditations. http://classics.mit.edu/Antoninus/meditations.1.one.html
Aurelius, Marcus. Book Two. Meditations. http://classics.mit.edu/Antoninus/meditations.2.two.html
Laux, J. Church History. New York: Benziger Brothers, 1933.
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques. Emile. https://oll.libertyfund.org/titles/rousseau-emile-or-education
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques. The Social Contract. https://oll.libertyfund.org/titles/rousseau-the-social-contract-and-discourses
Strange, Steven (ed). Stoicism: Traditions and Transformations. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 2004.
Study Document
Psychology And The Role Of Ethics
… various aspects of the field they are married to.
Ethics, as a field, emerged from the inquiries about moral life by ancient Greek philosophers. The term ethics is now described as a set of principles or a system that can significantly alter previous considerations regarding choices and … term ethics is now described as a set of principles or a system that can significantly alter previous considerations regarding choices and actions. Philosophers argue that ethics is a sub-discipline of philosophy that deals with the dynamics of what is right and what is wrong when making ……
References
References
Hardicre, J. (2014). An overview of research ethics and learning from the past. British Journal of Nursing, 23(9), 483-486.
Kjellström, S., Ross, S. N., & Fridlund, B. (2010). Research ethics in dissertations: ethical issues and complexity of reasoning. Journal of medical ethics, 36(7), 425-430.
Simelane-Mnisi, S. (2018). Role and importance of ethics in research. Ensuring research integrity and the ethical management of data (pp. 1-13). IGI Global.
Smith, D. (2003). Five principles for research ethics. Monitor on Psychology, 34(1), 56.
Resnik, D. B. (2015). What is ethics in research & why is it important? Retrieved May 26, 2020, from https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/resources/bioethics/whatis/index.cfm
Walsh, R. T. (2015). Introduction to ethics in psychology: Historical and philosophical grounding. Journal of Theoretical and Philosophical Psychology, 35(2), 69.
Study Document
Ethical Issues In Criminal Justice
...Philosophers Epistemology and Duty Ethics in Criminal Justice
Ethical Issues
1 Ethics in Law Enforcement Agencies
As Roufa (2019) notes, ethics in law enforcement are essential to prevent behaviors from going unchecked and bad reputations from being developed. Ethics in law enforcement agencies can provide guidelines, identify values that should be promoted, and dictate what sort of actions, behaviors and attitudes law enforcement agents should demonstrate. The Law Enforcement Oath of Office focuses on protecting, upholding and defending the Constitution of the US. It also contains terms regarding how officers should conduct themselves: soberly, honorably and honestly.
Law enforcement agencies tend to codify the ethics they want their officers to follower. The reason for this is that they want their officers to engage in ethical decision making, which means making the right decision morally. Sometimes officers can have an unconscious or implicit bias and this can affect their decision making (Hehman,……
References
References
Cahn, S. & Markie, P. (2011). Ethics: History, Theory and Contemporary Issues, 5th Edition. UK: Oxford University Press.
Hehman, E., Flake, J. K., & Calanchini, J. (2018). Disproportionate use of lethal force in policing is associated with regional racial biases of residents. Social psychological and personality science, 9(4), 393-401.
Holmes, A. (2007). Ethics: Approaching moral decisions. Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press.
Roufa, T. (2019). Ethics in law enforcement. Retrieved from https://www.thebalancecareers.com/ethics-in-law-enforcement-and-policing-974542
Study Document
Intelligence Oversight Ethics
...Philosophers
This literature review first looks at the history if intelligence oversight (IO) and then explains the current problem it faces in terms of ethics and the arrival of the Digital Age, which has complicated the matter. It next synthesizes the literature on what the various ethical theories are and how this further complicates the issue of IO. Finally, it discusses research on the fundamentals of ethics and gives recommendations for future research.
History of IO
The history of IO begins with the purpose for which it was established, which was to safeguard the privacy and rights of U.S. persons while enabling the Department of Defense to carry out its intelligence functions most effectively (Ford 2006, 721). The question that has always been at the forefront of IO, however, is the question of ethics. As Goldman (2013) notes, as far back as 1929 this question of ethics and its role in……
References
References
Bailey, Christopher and Susan M. Galich. “Codes of Ethics: The Intelligence Community.” International Journal of Intelligence Ethics 35.2 (2012), 77-99.
Brown, William F., and Americo R. Cinquegrana. \\\\\\\\\\\\"Warrantless Physical Searches for Foreign Intelligence Purposes: Executive Order 12,333 and the Fourth Amendment.\\\\\\\\\\\\" Cath. UL Rev. 35 (1985): 97.
Cantarella, Michele. \\\\\\\\\\\\"Intelligence ethics in the digital age.\\\\\\\\\\\\" (2016).
Congressional Research Service, “CIA Ethics Education: Background and Perspectives” (2018).
Ferrari, Rachel. \\\\\\\\\\\\"Moral Relativism and Dangerous Ethical Dilemmas in the US Intelligence Community.\\\\\\\\\\\\" (2018).
Ford, Christopher M. \\\\\\\\\\\\"Intelligence Demands in a Democratic State: Congressional Intelligence Oversight.\\\\\\\\\\\\" Tul. L. Rev. 81 (2006): 721.
Goldman, Jan. \\\\\\\\\\\\"Teaching About Intelligjence and Ethics.\\\\\\\\\\\\" Journal of US Intelligence Studies 20, no. 2 (2013): 79.
Hayes, Jonathan. \\\\\\\\\\\\"The Cinema of Oliver Stone: Art, Authorship and Activism by Ian
Study Document
Aristotle Chapter In Book Reality
...Philosophers Aristotle chapter in “Reality.”
The chapter on Aristotle in Westphal and Levenson’s (1994) book, Reality, presents an argument based on Aristotle’s (384- 322 B.C) work. The philosopher is believed, far and wide, to be more empirically minded than Plato, his teacher. Considered “the greatest mind of antiquity,” Aristotle was the most significant intellectual authority when it came to the sciences and philosophy. The chapter attempts at logically ascertaining the answer to the question of what is real, in the end, outlining the defining traits of ultimate reals or substances (p. 45). In this essay, the main arguments put down in the book on Aristotle’s views, and thoughts will be dealt with.
The predicate’s definition, as well as name, should predict the topic. ‘Man,’ for example, predicates individual men, with the species name ‘man’ applied to individuals, as the word ‘man’ is utilized to describe the individual; the word’s definition predicates……
References
References
Levenson, C. A., & Westphal, J. (Eds.). (1994). “Aristotle “Reality is individuals,” from the categories and from the metaphysics,” in Reality. Hackett Publishing.
Study Document
Acting Right Or Wrong Way Moral Choices
… good as the understanding of the prevailing conditions. Also, indeed, we can not entirely comprehend the prevailing conditions. Down the ages of philosophy, philosophers have continually questioned whether we have full understanding and knowledge of the external world. In recent times, the question has been whether we ……
References
References
Jin, D. (2016). The Limits of the Knowledge Generation Systems. In The Great Knowledge Transcendence (pp. 69-82). Palgrave Macmillan, New York.
Overberg, K. R. (2018). Conscience in conflict: how to make moral choices. Wipf and Stock Publishers.
Wheeler?Bell, Q. (2019). An Immanent Critique of Critical Pedagogy. Educational Theory, 69(3), 265-281.
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