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… of blackness that the ruling class wanted Americans to have (Collins). This is evident in the drama that mass media presented with the michael jackson and O. J. Simpson stories at the end of the 20th century. As Cashmore notes, “images of blackness are power; the power to … of the 20th century. As Cashmore notes, “images of blackness are power; the power to frame and affect. The images of Simpson and jackson presented in the mid-1990s were not just images of black people: they were whites’ images, representations created and recreated anew over a period … whites’ images, representations created and recreated anew over a period of several hundred years” (5). O. J. Simpson—accused of murdering his white wife; michael jackson, accused of molesting white boys: these were the images of blackness pushed upon the American public by mass media, endlessly, in the 1990s.
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Works Cited
Adorno, Theodor and M. Horkheimer. The culture industry: Enlightenment as mass deception. Stardom and celebrity: A reader, 34, 2007.
Aldrige, Derick. “From Civil Rights to Hip Hop: Toward a Nexus of Ideas.” http://www.thehiphopproject.org/site/pdfs/hhp_civilRights.pdf
Blair, Elizabeth. “The Strange Story of the Man behind Strange Fruit.” NPR. http://www.npr.org/2012/09/05/158933012/the-strange-story-of-the-man-behind-strange-fruit
Cashmore, Ellis. The Black culture industry. Routledge, 2006.
Collins, Patricia Hill. "New commodities, new consumers: Selling blackness in a global marketplace." Ethnicities 6.3 (2006): 297-317.
Davis, Angela. The Meaning of Freedom. San Francisco, CA: City Light Books, 2012.
Guy, Talmadge C. "Gangsta rap and adult education." New directions for adult and continuing education 2004.101 (2004): 43-57.
Heaggans, Raphael C. "When the oppressed becomes the oppressor: Willie Lynch and the politics of race and racism in hip-hop music." West Virginia University Philological Papers 50 (2003): 77-81.
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...Michael jackson Representations of Black Culture in the Media
Introduction
Culture theory is one theory that can be used to explain domestic violence. As Serrat (2017) notes, culture is the set of “distinctive ideas, beliefs, values, and knowledge” that define the way people behave and think (p. 31). This theory suggests that the way people act is based on the inputs they receive from their environment; and peers, groups, and media all go into shaping their perception of themselves and those around them (Bandura, 2018). If the culture in which they grow up signals to them that treating people in an inhumane way is acceptable, then those individuals are likely to engage in domestic violence acts as they feel or believe that it is an acceptable mode of behavior, sanctioned by the culture in which they live. The culture of media, friends, family, schools, churches and other organizations may all play a……
References
Adorno, T. & Horkheimer, M. (2007). The culture industry: Enlightenment as mass deception. Stardom and celebrity: A reader, 34, 2007.
Bandura, A. (2018). Toward a psychology of human agency: Pathways and reflections. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 13(2), 130-136. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691617699280
Breger, M. L. (2017). Reforming by re-norming: How the legal system has the potential to change a toxic culture of domestic violence. J. Legis., 44, 170.
Cashmore, E. (2006). The Black culture industry. Routledge.
Coleman, L. (1974). Carl Van Vechten Presents the New Negro. Studies in the Literary Imagination, 7(2), 85.
Cramer, E. P., Choi, Y. J., & Ross, A. I. (2017). Race, Culture, and Abuse of Persons with Disabilities. In Religion, Disability, and Interpersonal Violence (pp. 89-110). Champaign, IL: Springer.
Davis, A. (2012). The Meaning of Freedom. San Francisco, CA: City Light Books.
Decker, J. L. (1993). The state of rap: Time and place in hip hop nationalism. Social Text, (34), 53-84.
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… position he still holds to this day.
In 1997 Gaddis married theater director Toni Dorfman. He divorced from his first wife, Barbara Sue jackson, whom he married in 1965. He has two children: John michael and David Matthew.[footnoteRef:2] [2: Encyclopedia, “John Lewis Gaddis,” https://www.encyclopedia.com/arts/educational-magazines/gaddis-john-lewis-1941]
Growing up in Texas, Gaddis had a front row seat to some of the ……
Bibliography
Alpha History, “Cold War Historiography.” https://alphahistory.com/coldwar/cold-war-historiography/
Branch, Mark Alden. “Days of Duck and Cover,” Yale Alumni Magazine, 2000. http://archives.yalealumnimagazine.com/issues/00_03/gaddis.html
Encyclopedia. “John Lewis Gaddis,” 2020. https://www.encyclopedia.com/arts/educational-magazines/gaddis-john-lewis-1941
Gaddis, John Lewis. We Now Know: Rethinking Cold War History. Oxford University Press, 1997.
Kaplan, Fred. “America’s Cold War Sage and His Discontents,” NYTimes, 2007. https://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/23/books/george-f-kennan-by-john-lewis-gaddis-review.html
Lundestad, Geir. "The Cold War According to John Gaddis." Cold War History 6, no. 4 (2006): 535-542.
National Endowment for the Humanities. “John Lewis Gaddis,” 2005. https://www.neh.gov/about/awards/national-humanities-medals/john-lewis-gaddis
Paxton, Robert. Anatomy of Fascism. New York: Vintage, 2012.
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