Study Document
Introduction
The issue of abolitionism came to a head with john brown’s raid on Harpers Ferry in 1859. brown’s intention was to instigate an armed slave rebellion (Horwitz). brown and nearly two dozen other men took over a U.S. arsenal at Harpers Ferry in Virginia—but instead of achieving the goal of a … the Southern Army just a year and a half later. Other future Confederates assisting in the recapturing of Harpers Ferry from the insurrectionist brown and his men were Stonewall Jackson and J. E. B. Stuart (Horwitz). This paper will discuss the raid, explain what happened and why, … Stuart (Horwitz). This paper will discuss the raid, explain what happened and why, and what the fallout was.
The Reason for the Raid
john brown was a fervent abolitionist who believed pacifism would never be sufficient to end slavery. He was a man who insisted on action—violent action ………
Works Cited
Barney, William L. "Brown, John". The Civil War and Reconstruction: A Student Companion. New York: Oxford University Press, Inc., 2001.
Furnas, J. C. The Road to Harpers Ferry. New York, William Sloane Associates, 1959.
Hoffer, Williamjames Hull. The Caning of Charles Sumner: Honor, Idealism, and the Origins of the Civil War. Johns Hopkins University Press, 2010.
Horwitz, Tony. Midnight Rising: John Brown and the Raid That Sparked the Civil War. Henry Holt and Company, 2011.
McGlone, Robert E. John Brown's War against Slavery. Cambridge, CUP, 2009.
Smith, Ted A., Weird John Brown: Divine Violence and the Limits of Ethics. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2015.
Study Document
… up to end racism or to attack the elitism that perpetuates the system of racism in the U.S, those leaders are assassinated: from john brown to Martin Luther King, Jr. to Malcolm X, it is the same story again and again. Today, leaders are simply prevented from being ……
Works Cited
Adorno, Theodor and M. Horkheimer. The culture industry: Enlightenment as mass deception. Stardom and celebrity: A reader, 34, 2007.
Aldrige, Derick. “From Civil Rights to Hip Hop: Toward a Nexus of Ideas.” http://www.thehiphopproject.org/site/pdfs/hhp_civilRights.pdf
Blair, Elizabeth. “The Strange Story of the Man behind Strange Fruit.” NPR. http://www.npr.org/2012/09/05/158933012/the-strange-story-of-the-man-behind-strange-fruit
Cashmore, Ellis. The Black culture industry. Routledge, 2006.
Collins, Patricia Hill. "New commodities, new consumers: Selling blackness in a global marketplace." Ethnicities 6.3 (2006): 297-317.
Davis, Angela. The Meaning of Freedom. San Francisco, CA: City Light Books, 2012.
Guy, Talmadge C. "Gangsta rap and adult education." New directions for adult and continuing education 2004.101 (2004): 43-57.
Heaggans, Raphael C. "When the oppressed becomes the oppressor: Willie Lynch and the politics of race and racism in hip-hop music." West Virginia University Philological Papers 50 (2003): 77-81.
Study Document
… It must and will be extended to nations half-civilized, and thence to those now savage and barbarous…”[footnoteRef:3] This sentiment was also expressed by john O’Sullivan, who coined the phrase “Manifest Destiny” to convey the idea that it was America’s God-given mission to extend its borders and rule … of their old way of life in the South, as shall be seen.[footnoteRef:6] [3: “The Magnetic Telegraph,” Ladies’ Repository 10(1850), 61.] [4: O’Sullivan, john. “Annexation.” United States Magazine and Democratic Review, vol. 17, no. 1 (July-August 1845), 5.] [5: Eugene J., Cornacchia and Dale C. Nelson. "Historical … over land, though it was not limited to Georgia. Other states had issues with the Cherokee nation as well. For instance Tennessee Governor john Sevier had written in 1803 a letter to the Cherokee asking for their permission to build a road through their territory. The fact … yourselves to travel on, to……
Works Cited
Primary Sources
Crockett, Davy, “On the removal of the Cherokees, 1834,” Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History. https://www.gilderlehrman.org/history-now/spotlight-primary-source/davy-crockett-removal-cherokees-1834
“The Magnetic Telegraph.” Ladies’ Repository 10(1850): 61-62. O’Sullivan, John. “Annexation.” United States Magazine and Democratic Review, vol.17, no. 1 (July-August 1845): 5-10.
Sevier, John. Letter to the Cherokee. DPLA. https://dp.la/primary-source-sets/cherokee-removal-and-the-trail-of-tears/sources/1500
Secondary Sources
Brown-Rice, Kathleen. "Examining the Theory of Historical Trauma Among Native Americans." Professional Counselor 3, no. 3 (2013).
Cave, Alfred A. "Abuse of power: Andrew Jackson and the Indian removal act of 1830." The Historian 65, no. 6 (2003): 1330-1353.
Cherokee Preservation Foundation. “About the Eastern Band.” Cherokee Preservation, 2010. http://cherokeepreservation.org/who-we-are/about-the-ebci/
Study Document
… of United States intelligence activities and the protection of constitutional rights”—though the degree to which that would be made possible has been debated (brown and Cinquegrana 1985, 98). As brown and Cinquegrana (1985) observe, 2 Section 2.5 of that Order delegates to the Attorney General
the power to approve the use for intelligence … to Reagan’s EO, the federal government had struggled with the issue of IO, and had gone to the FISA courts for surveillance requests (brown and Cinquegrana 1985). Reagan’s EO, however, put an end to who had the authority to grant surveillance. What remained to be seen was ……
References
Bailey, Christopher and Susan M. Galich. “Codes of Ethics: The Intelligence Community.” International Journal of Intelligence Ethics 35.2 (2012), 77-99.
Brown, William F., and Americo R. Cinquegrana. \\\\\\\\\\\\"Warrantless Physical Searches for Foreign Intelligence Purposes: Executive Order 12,333 and the Fourth Amendment.\\\\\\\\\\\\" Cath. UL Rev. 35 (1985): 97.
Cantarella, Michele. \\\\\\\\\\\\"Intelligence ethics in the digital age.\\\\\\\\\\\\" (2016).
Congressional Research Service, “CIA Ethics Education: Background and Perspectives” (2018).
Ferrari, Rachel. \\\\\\\\\\\\"Moral Relativism and Dangerous Ethical Dilemmas in the US Intelligence Community.\\\\\\\\\\\\" (2018).
Ford, Christopher M. \\\\\\\\\\\\"Intelligence Demands in a Democratic State: Congressional Intelligence Oversight.\\\\\\\\\\\\" Tul. L. Rev. 81 (2006): 721.
Goldman, Jan. \\\\\\\\\\\\"Teaching About Intelligjence and Ethics.\\\\\\\\\\\\" Journal of US Intelligence Studies 20, no. 2 (2013): 79.
Hayes, Jonathan. \\\\\\\\\\\\"The Cinema of Oliver Stone: Art, Authorship and Activism by Ian
Study Document
...John brown Just like pornography, everyone seems to know \"gentrification\" when they see it. See a Starbucks or Whole Foods move into a neighborhood? That's gentrification. Find out that a house sold for an exorbitant amount or that rents at some building doubled? That's gentrification. See bike lanes added to your street, or a rack of bike-share bikes pop up near a busy corner? That's gentrification.
– Pete Saunders, 2017
Gentrification is one of the most controversial issues in American cities today. But as the epigraph above clearly indicates, it also remains one of the least understood. Few agree on how to define it or whether it is boon or curse for cities. Due in large part to this lack of definitional clarity, opinions about gentrification in the past have been largely shaped by the negative connotations and effects of gentrification that have been highlighted by the mainstream media. For instance, according……
Bibliography
Anderson, Elijah. 1990. Streetwise. Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press.
Betancur, John J. “Gentrification in Latin America: Overview and Critical Analysis.” Urban Studies Research 37-41.
Berrey, Ellen C. 2005. Divided over diversity. City & Community 4 (2): 143-70
Black’s Law Dictionary. 1990. St. Paul, MN: West Publishing Co.
Bostic, Raphael W., and Richard W. Martin. 2003. Black home-owners as a gentrifying force? Urban Studies 40 (12): 2427-49.
Brown-Saracino, Japonica. 2004. Social preservationists and the quest for authentic community. City & Community 3 (2): 135-56.
Brummet, Quentin, and Davin Reed. “The Effects of Gentrification on the Well-Being and Opportunity of Original Resident Adults and Children.” Working Paper (Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia), 2019.
Capps, Kriston. “The Hidden Winners in Neighborhood Gentrification.” CityLab, July 22, 2019.
Study Document
...John brown How Hip Hop Followed in the Footsteps of Malcolm X
Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five and the Origins of Hip Hop
Abstract
This paper examines the manner in which the hip hop grew out of the Civil Rights Movement and became a way for disenfranchised black youths, marginalized by society, to express their thoughts and feelings on a world that did want them to rise up. The history of hip hop and its culture is thus a rich one and a complex one that both celebrates youthful joys and energy while also taking different roads towards instigating a dialogue as well. Some hip hop artists have been thoughtful and have challenged the status quo with lyrics and albums that have provoked discussion in a sober-minded way (such as was the case with Tupac Shakur), while others have been more provocative and have set out to disrupt the status quo……
Works Cited
BBC. “The birth of hip hop.” BBC. https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p04s04nk
Best, Steven, and Douglas Kellner. "Rap, black rage, and racial difference." Enculturation 2.2 (1999): 1-23.
Brown, Jake. Tupac Shakur, (2-Pac) in the Studio: The Studio Years (1989-1996). Phoenix, AZ: Colossus Books, 2005.
Decker, Jeffrey Louis. "The state of rap: Time and place in hip hop nationalism." Social Text 34 (1993): 53-84.
Fluker, Walter. The Stones that the Builders Rejected. Harrisburg, PA: Trinity Press International, 1998.
Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five. “The Message.” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PobrSpMwKk4
Jones, E. Michael. Libido Dominandi: Sexual Liberation and Political Control. South Bend, IN: St. Augustine’s Press, 2000.
Pareles, Jon. “Hip-Hop Is Rock ’n’ Roll, and Hall of Fame Likes It.” The New York Times, 13 March 2007. https://www.nytimes.com/2007/03/13/arts/music/13hall.html
Study Document
...John brown Abstract
Cyber espionage has become a critical component of modern cyber warfare as nation-states increasingly rely on cyberspace. However, cyber espionage had generated concerns regarding its acceptability given its potential threats to national security. This qualitative case study research explores the proposition that cyber security should be deemed an acceptable state behavior while cyber attack is unacceptable. This study seeks to answer the question, “How is cyber espionage an acceptable state behavior for intelligence gathering though it potentially damages relations between nation-states?” The qualitative case study examined existing studies on this issue and employed thematic analysis to analyze the data. The study found that cyber espionage is an acceptable state behavior since it plays a key role in cyber warfare, helps to establish appropriate countermeasures against cyberattacks and potential threats in cyberspace, and enhances intelligence gathering. While the study provides significant insights on this topic, future studies should examine the……
Bibliography
Ablon, L. “Data Thieves: The Motivations of Cyber Threat Actors and Their Use and Monetization of Stolen Data.” RAND Corporation, March 2018. https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/testimonies/CT400/CT490/RAND_CT490.pdf
Agarwal A. & CERT-IN. “Cyber Espionage, Infiltration and Combating Techniques.” Indian Computer Emergency Response Team, 2013. https://www.cert-in.org.in/Downloader?pageid=5&type=2&fileName=CIPS-2013-0128.pdf
Banks, W.C. “Cyber Espionage and Electronic Surveillance: Beyond the Media Coverage.” Emory law Journal 66, (2017).
Baxter, P. & Jack, S. “Qualitative Case Study Methodology: Study Design and Implementation for Novice Researchers.” The Qualitative Report 13, no. 4 (2008).
Brown, G. “Spying and Fighting in Cyberspace: What is Which?” Journal of National Security Law & Policy 8, (2017).
Connell, M. & Vogler, S. “Russia’s Approach to Cyber Warfare.” CNA Analysis and Solutions, 2017. https://www.cna.org/CNA_files/PDF/DOP-2016-U-014231-1Rev.pdf
Creswell, J.W. Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches, 4th ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications Inc.
Diplomacy Data. “Cyber Security and Cyber Espionage in International Relations.” Diplomacy Data, 2015. http://diplomacydata.com/cyber-security-and-cyber-espionage-in-international-relations/
Study Document
… get them out of the homes got underway. Change was everywhere, however—not just in the domestic sphere. Segregation was under fire ever since brown v. Board of Education in 1954. The court case brought to the forefront of American society the tension between whites and blacks and ……
Works Cited
Executive Order 10925. Thecre. https://www.thecre.com/fedlaw/legal6/eo10925.htm
Study Document
… liberation of the poppy fields and the spike in the heroin trade around the world that decimated communities, including American ones back home (Felbab-brown, 2017); the rise of the Islamic State throughout the Middle East (Barton, 2016); two trillion dollars in costs in addition to the loss ……
References
Almukhtar, S. & Nordland, R. (2019). What Did the U.S. Get for $2 Trillion in Afghanistan? Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/12/09/world/middleeast/afghanistan-war-cost.html
Barno, D. (2007). The Other War: Counterinsurgency Strategy in Afghanistan 2003– 20. Military Review, 87(5), 32–44.
Barton, G. (2016). Out of the ashes of Afghanistan and Iraq: the rise and rise of Islamic State. Retrieved from https://theconversation.com/out-of-the-ashes-of-afghanistan-and-iraq-the-rise-and-rise-of-islamic-state-55437
Felbab-Brown, V. (2017). Afghanistan’s opium production is through the roof—why Washington shouldn’t overreact. Retrieved from https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2017/11/21/afghanistans-opium-production-is-through-the-roof-why-washington-shouldnt-overreact/
FM 3-24. (2014). Retrieved from https://fas.org/irp/doddir/army/fm3-24.pdf
Hitz, F. P. (1999). Obscuring Propriety: The CIA and Drugs. International Journal of Intelligence and CounterIntelligence, 12(4), 448-462.
IrishTimes. (2001). Britain freezes £61m of suspected Taliban assets. Retrieved from https://www.irishtimes.com/news/britain-freezes-61m-of-suspected-taliban-assets-1.398565
Kiras, J. D. (2002). Terrorism and Irregular Warfare, in John Baylis, James Wirtz, Eliot Cohen and Colin Gray eds., Strategy in the Contemporary World (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002), 208–232.
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