Flooding Essays (Examples)
Study Document
Emergency Managers And Climate Risk
… large part on the geographic location of the communities. Some communities are at far greater risk of some types of disasters such as flooding in the case of low-lying regions or severe weather in the case of the residents of Tornado Alley. It is important to note, ……
References
References
Edwards, F. L. (2011, Spring). Symposium: Preparing for climate change. The Public Manager, 40(1), 20-25.
IPCC Working Group II. (2014). Assessing and managing the risks of climate change. Retrieved from https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/03/WGIIAR5_SPM_Top_Level_ Findings-1.pdf.
Labadie, J. R. (2011). Emergency managers confront climate change. Sustainability, 3, 1250-1264.
Leven, R. & Goldstein, Z. (2019). Kentucky is among the states blocking climate action. As weather gets more extreme, its residents — and U.S. taxpayers — are paying a price. Public Integrity. Retrieved from https://publicintegrity.org/environment/one-disaster-away/a-dangerous-disconnect-disaster-prone-states/ .
Mickus, J. (2017, June 1). A Sugar Creek chronicle: Observing climate change from a Midwestern woodland. Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith, 69(2), 110-114.
The Nature Conservancy. (2020). Pennsylvania climate solutions. Retrieved from https://www. nature.org/en-us/about-us/where-we-work/united-states/pennsylvania/stories-in-pennsylvania/pennsylvania-climate-solutions/.
Study Document
Energy Industry Security
… the largely private energy industry pertain to regional issues: for example, in the Southeast, the energy industry sits mainly in low-lying areas where flooding can occur in the wake of hurricanes or storms. Flooding here can impair oil and gas production during certain parts of the year. In other parts of the year, heat waves there and … ensure that they are taking the necessary steps, as described above, to prevent infrastructure from breaking down or going offline. Whether it is flooding, storm surges, heat waves, or droughts, the energy industry is likely to be impacted negatively by strong fluctuations in weather. Therefore, the U.S. ……
References
References
Department of Energy. (2019). U.S. Energy Sector Vulnerabilities and Resilience Solutions Reports. https://www.energy.gov/policy/downloads/climate-change-and-us-energy-sector-regional-vulnerabilities-and-resilience
DHS. (2016). Energy Sector-Specific Plan. https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/nipp-ssp-energy-2015-508.pdf
DOE. (2013). Electric Light & Power. Retrieved from: http://www.elp.com/articles/2013/07/energy-sector-vulnerabilities-assessed-by-doe.html
Maras, M-H. (2014). Transnational Security. Florida: CRC Press.
Pershing, J. (2013). U.S. Energy Sector Vulnerabilities to Climate Change and Extreme Weather. Retrieved from http://annualmeeting.naseo.org/Data/Sites/2/presentations/Pershing-Climate-Vulnerabiities.pdf
Study Document
Individuals Using Customary Practices In Times Of Crises
...Flooding Allen-Meares, P. & Garvin, C. (Eds.). (2000). The Handbook of Social Work Direct Practice. New York, SAGE. This is not a primary source, but the definition of crisis could be used in the proposal.
An assessment of the customary practices utilized by individuals in times of crisis would not be complete without a clear definition of ‘crisis’ in the context of the said practices. In seeking to define the term crisis, the cited authors of the relevant piece in the volume are definite that we must base our perspectives on subjective reality. This is more so the case given that “what precipitates a crisis episode in one individual might not generate such a response in another person” (327). This is true for communities as well. It, therefore, follows that this is an essential resource in the definition of what constitutes a crisis at both the individual and community levels. This……
References
Roberts. A.R. (Ed.). (2005). Crisis Intervention Handbook: Assessment, Treatment, and Research (3rd ed.). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Sama’ila, A. (2019). Economic crisis and the coping strategies of indigenous automobile entrepreneurs in northern Nigeria, 1983-2014. Sociology International Journal, 3(6), 437-442.
Study Document
Incident Command System ICS
...Flooding Introduction to the Incident Command System (ICS)
The Incident Command System (ICS) is a standardized organization model or method for incident response and management during disasters. The system is made up of standard management and leadership hierarchy procedures, including processes meant to support various types of incidents. It does not just respect jurisdictional and agency authority, but also supports synchronized efforts among different disaster response and management teams and agencies. ICS supports fast, effective and efficient development of universal planning processes and management of facilities, personnel, communication, and equipment within a common structure of organization and operations. Based on pre-determined standards that involved authorities agree upon, personnel are trained in a common language and processes, and tasks assigned to each. The ICS system ensures that disaster response teams experience increased organization from the initial phases of a disaster all the way to its conclusion (Lutz and Lindell, 2008).
The ICS……
References
References
AmeriCorps St. Louis. (2016). “Missouri Winter Flooding 2016.” Retrieved from https://www. americorps-stl.org/our-teams/emergency-response-team/disaster-deployment-archive/missouri-winter-flooding-2016/.
Buck, Dick A., Joseph E. Trainor, and Benigno E. Aguirre. (2006). “A Critical Evaluation of the Incident Command System and NIMS.” Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management, 3(3).
Bigley, Gregory A. and Karlene H. Roberts. (2001). “The Incident Command System: High-Reliability Organizing for Complex and Volatile Task Environments.” Academy of Management Journal, 44(6): 1281-1299.
Butterfield, Karen. (2016, January 21). “AmeriCorps Helping Flood Victims Find Place to Stay.” The Missourian. Retrieved from http://www.emissourian.com/local_news/washington/americorps-helping-flood-victims-find-place-to-stay/article_56f75bab-87de-5198-843e-bdfdb8229b5a.html.
Cardwell, Michael D. and Patrick T. Cooney. (2000). “Nationwide Application of the Incident Command System: Standardization Is the Key.” FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin 69.10: 10-16.
Cole, Dana. (2000). The Incident Command System: A 25-Year Evaluation by California Practitioners. National Fire Academy.
Corporation for National and Community Service (CNCS). (2014). “Disaster Response Framework.” Retrieved from http://www.nationalservice.gov/sites/default/files/documents/CNCS%20DSU%20 Disaster%20Response%20Framework.pdf.
Dynes, Russell Rowe. (1970). Organized Behavior in Disaster. Lexington, MA: Heath Lexington.
Study Document
A Focus On Florida Coast Geography Of Soils And Vegetation In Coastal
… et al., 225-281). As a result, we have witnessed the prevalence of marine transgression that, if kept up for sufficiently long, supports coastline flooding, mangrove peat submergence, and coastal vegetation loss/retreat, which likely includes hardwood stands on storm depositions. The likelihood of new community development on interior-displaced ……
References
Works cited
Araujo, D. S. D., and M. C. A. Pereira. " INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION ON TROPICAL BIOLOGY AND NATURAL RESOURCES - Sandy coastal vegetation." Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS), (2012).
Armentano, Thomas V., et al. "Vegetation pattern and process in tree islands of the southern Everglades and adjacent areas." Tree islands of the Everglades. Springer, Dordrecht, 2002. 225-281.
Bakker, Jan P., et al. "Environmental impacts—coastal ecosystems." North Sea region climate change assessment. Springer, Cham, 2016. 275-314.
Benedet, L., C. W. Finkl, and A. H. F. Klein. "Morphodynamic classification of beaches on the Atlantic coast of Florida: geographical variability of beach types, beach safety, and coastal hazards." Journal of Coastal Research (2006): 360-365.
Bini, C., et al. "Soils and vegetation of coastal and wetland areas in Northern Adriatic (NE Italy)." 7. International Meeting on Soils with Mediterranean Type of Climate, Valenzano (Italy), 23-28 Sep 2001. CIHEAM-IAMB, 2002.
Eni, D. D., A. I. Iwara, and R. A. Offiong. "Analysis of soil-vegetation interrelationships in a south-southern secondary forest of Nigeria." International Journal of Forestry Research 2012 (2012).
Psuty, Norbert P., Philip E. Steinberg, and Dawn J. Wright. "Coastal and marine geography." Geography in America at the Dawn of the 21st Century (2004): 314-25.
Wright, Lynn D., and Andrew D. Short. "Morphodynamic variability of surf zones and beaches: a synthesis." Marine Geology 56.1-4 (1984): 93-118
Study Document
Hurricane Maria And Puerto Rico S Emergency Management
… use it individuals had to wend their way to the tower itself. Drinking water was in scarce supply, roads were obstructed by debris, flooding made other areas inaccessible, and hospitals were overwhelmed (de Arzola, 2018). It was in this environment that Puerto Rico’s Emergency Management had to ……
References
References
Acevedo, N. (2018). Puerto Rico lacked disaster planning, communications strategy, hurricane study found. Retrieved from https://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/puerto-rico-crisis/puerto-rico-lacked-disaster-planning-communications-strategy-hurricane-study-found-n904866
Achenbach, J. & Hernandez, A. (2017). FEMA administrator: Puerto Rico’s politics, lack of unity, hindering hurricane response. Retrieved from https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/fema-administrator-puerto-ricos-politics-lack-of-unity-hindering-hurricane-response/2017/10/09/f1711996-ad10-11e7-9e58-e6288544af98_story.html?noredirect=on&utm_term=.eef2e6bc0e3e
Amnesty International. (2018). Puerto Rico a year after Hurricane Maria. Retrieved from https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/research/2018/09/puerto-rico-a-year-after-hurricane-maria/
Bomey, N. (2017). Hurricane Maria halts crucial drug manufacturing in Puerto Rico, may spur shortages. Retrieved from https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/2017/09/22/hurricane-maria-pharmaceutical-industry-puerto-rico/692752001/
CDC. (2019). PHEP. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/cpr/epf/docs/PuertoRico.pdf de Arzola, O. R. (2018). Emergency Preparedness and Hurricane Maria: The Experience of a Regional Academic Medical Center in Southwest Puerto Rico. Journal of Graduate Medical Education,10(4), 477-480. Florido, A. (2018). Government Lawyer Says Puerto Rico's Hurricane Response Plan 'Does Not Exist'. Retrieved from https://www.npr.org/2018/10/30/662345336/government-lawyer-says-puerto-ricos-hurricane-response-plan-does-not-exist
McMahon, C. (2018). Double down on the Jones Act? Journal of Maritime Law & Commerce, 49(2), 153-195.
Samaan, J. L., & Verneuil, L. (2009). Civil–Military Relations in Hurricane Katrina: a case study on crisis management in natural disaster response. Humanitarian Assistance: Improving US-European Cooperation, Center for Transatlantic Relations/Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD/Global Public Policy Institute, Berlin, 413-432.
Study Document
Solving A Public Issue
… able to proceed appropriately. In this case, the best thing to know is what the community wants: 1) to put up with the flooding and forego construction, or 2) use the money, fix the flooding/drainage issue and put up with construction and traffic headaches for the next year.
To finalize the decision, the administration should hold a public ……
References
References
Decision Making Strategies. (n.d.). Digital file.
Study Document
Solitary Nation Documentary
...Flooding Solitary Nation Response: Why Does America Allow Solitary Confinement in Prison
1
The major issue addressed in the documentary Solitary Nation is the role that solitary confinement plays in the incarceration process. Violent inmates are often put in solitary confinement either for punishment or for their own protection. It was a practice that started in the 19th century but was largely abandoned because instead of reforming inmates it made them lose their minds. The practice was re-instituted in the 1980s and the documentary takes a look at the inmates and those running a Maine penitentiary. The documentary notes that prisoners can spend years in segregation or “seg” as they call it—locked away from others for 23 hours a day. One can see from the interviews with these inmates that it is not a form of incarceration that is supportive of mental health. The documentary is meant to raise awareness on this……
Study Document
Fruit Science Report Washington Navel Oranges
...Flooding Fruit Science Report
Washington Navel Oranges
Introduction
In as far as appearances are concerned, the Washington Navel orange happens to have a rounded shape and is small to medium in size. One of the many distinguishing features of this particular tree are the white flowers which are scented. The canopy of the tree also appears droopy. In mid winder, the tree supplies seedless oranges that are rather tasty – making this particular variety ideal as either a commercial venture or as a past-time activity in a home orchid setting. It is important to note that the flesh of the fruit is firm and has a distinguishing deep color. The taste of the fruit could also be described as tangy and distinctly sweet. The Washington Navel orange, according to Ramsey and Markell (1920) “originated at Bahia, Brazil, apparently as a bud variation from the Portuguese orange variety, Laranja Selecta” (22). As……
References
References
Boule, D. (2017). A Brief History of the Navel Orange in California – From the Sacramento Bee. Retrieved from http://www.merlofarminggroup.com/brief-history-navel-orange-california-%E2%80%93-sacramento-bee
Considine, D.M. & Considine, G.D. (2012). Foods and Food Production Encyclopedia. New York, NY: VNR.
El-Boray, M.S., Mostafa, M., Salem, E. & Sawwah, O. (2015). Improving Yield and Fruit Quality of Washington Navel Orange Using Foliar Applications of Some Natural Biostimulants. J. Plant Production, 6(8), 1317-1332.
Ferguson, L. & Grafton-Cardwell, E.E. (2014). Citrus Production Manual. Richmond, CA: UCANR Publications.
Geiger, P. & Dunkan, S. (2007). Farmers\\\\\\' Almanac. Mason, OH: Almanac Publishing Company.
Ramsey, H.J. & Markell, E.L. (1920). The Handling and Precooling of Florida Lettuce and Celery. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.
Susser, A. (1997). The Great Citrus Book. New York, NY: Ten Speed Press.
Study Document
Hurricane Katrina Military Response
… and leadership at both the local and the federal level. New Orleans’ Incident Command System (ICS) was not prepared for the type of flooding the city saw. Prior to the hurricane, the ICS had really only been trained in responding to fires. The ICS failed to know ……
References
References
The Brookings Institution. (2007). 9/11, Katrina and the future of interagency disaster response. Retrieved from https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/20070529.pdf
E-PARCC Collaborative Governance Initiative. (2008). Collaboration Amid Crisis: The Department of Defense During Hurricane Katrina Teaching Note. Retrieved from https://www.maxwell.syr.edu/uploadedFiles/parcc/eparcc/cases/Moynihan-%20Teaching%20Notes.pdf
Lewis, D. E. (2009). Revisiting the administrative presidency: Policy, patronage, and agency competence. Presidential Studies Quarterly, 39(1), 60-73.
Philipps, D. (2017). Seven hard lessons responders to Harvey learned from Katrina. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/07/us/hurricane-harvey-katrina-federal-responders.html
Samaan, J. L., & Verneuil, L. (2009). Civil–Military Relations in Hurricane Katrina: a case study on crisis management in natural disaster response. Humanitarian Assistance: Improving US-European Cooperation, Center for Transatlantic Relations/Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD/Global Public Policy Institute, Berlin, 413-432.
Select Bipartisan Committee to Investigate the Preparation for and Response to Hurricane Katrina. (2006). A failure of initiative. Retrieved from http://govinfo.library.unt.edu/a257.g.akamaitech.net/7/257/2422/15feb20061230/www.gpoaccess.gov/katrinareport/mainreport.pdf
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