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...Economic condition Introduction
Public policy is government decisions and actions designed to deal with problems and issues affecting the public (Madimutsa, 2008). The U.S. government policy areas include monetary policy, immigration, intellectual property, national defense, and welfare. This paper will review the impact of monetary policy on the U.S. economy.
Monetary Policy
Monetary policy is classified as the procedure by which the Federal Reserve uses monetary policy tools to regulate the money supply, exchange rate, and interest rates (the price of money) to stabilize the economy (Labonte, 2020). The interest rate is classified as the cost of borrowing and the reward for saving. The money supply can be defined as the total sum of money that is available in the economy. The exchange rate is the cost of the domestic currency concerning other currencies. The Fed uses various monetary tools, but over the years, they have relied on open market operations and……
References
Federal Reserve. (2020, March 15). Federal open market committee. Retrieved March 30, 2020, from https://www.federalreserve.gov/monetarypolicy/fomccalendars.htm
Labonte, M. (2020). Monetary policy and the Federal Reserve: Current policy and conditions (RL30354). Retrieved from Congressional Research Service website: https://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/RL30354.pdf
Madimutsa, C. (2008). The Policy Formulation Process. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/336927323_The_Policy_Formulation_Proce ss
McGraw-Hill Education. (n.d.). The role of government. Retrieved from https://www.jasonsclassroom.com/social-studies/cc-basics/chapter-5/lesson-5.3/
Suman, S. (2015, October 26). Monetary policy: Objectives, advantages, and disadvantages. Retrieved from https://www.economicsdiscussion.net/monetary-policy/advantages/monetary-policy-objectives-advantages-and-disadvantages/12768
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… because of their poor health status. The increased vulnerability of these people to depression is attributable to the feeling emerging from their living condition and arrangements…[break]…linked to the risk of depression in this population include lack of social support and poor health promoting lifestyles. Empty nesters lack … from family and friends though social support has been identified as a protective factor of their health (Xie et al., 2010). Given their socio-economic condition, these individuals do not engage in health promoting lifestyles or health seeking behaviors. China is also grappling with inadequate housing and community facilities ……
References
Gong, F., Zhao, D., Zhao, Y., Lu, S., Qian, Z. & Sun, Y. (2018). The Factors Associated With Geriatric Depression in Rural China: Stratified by Household Structure. Psychology, Health & Medicine, 23(5), 593-603.
Liang, Y. & Wu, W. (2014). Exploratory Analysis of Health-related Quality of Life Among the Empty-nest Elderly in Rural China: An Empirical Study in Three Economically Developed Cities in Eastern China. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 12(59). doi:10.1186/1477-7525-12-59
Lu, J., Zhang, C., Xue, Y., Mao, D., Zheng, X., Wu, S. & Wang, X. (2019). Moderating Effect of Social Support on Depression and Health Promoting Lifestyle for Chinese Empty Nesters: A Cross-sectional Study. Journal of Affective Disorders, 256, 495-508.
Wang, L., Liu, W., Liang, Y. & Wei, Y. (2019). Mental Health and Depressive Feeling of Empty-Nest Elderly People in China. American Journal of Health Behavior, 43(6), 1171-1185.
Xie, L., Zhang, J., Peng, F. & Jiao, N. (2010). Prevalence and Related Influencing Factors of Depressive Symptoms for Empty-nest Elderly Living in the Rural Area of YongZhou, China. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 50, 24-29.
Zhai, Y., Yi, H., Shen, W., Xiao, Y., Fan, H., He, F., Li, F., Wang, X., Shang, X. & Lin, J. (2015). Association of Empty Nest with Depressive Symptom in a Chinese Elderly Population: A Cross-sectional Study. Journal of Affective Disorders, 187, 218-223.
Zhang, C., Xue, Y., Zhao, H., Zheng, X., Zhu, R., Du, Y., Zheng, J. & Yang, T. (2019). Prevalence and Related Influencing Factors of Depressive Symptoms Among Empty-nest Elderly in Shanxi, China. Journal of Affective Disorders, 245, 750-756.
Zhou, J., Xiao, L., Zhou, Y., Rui, G. & Ni, X. (2019). The Depression Status of Empty Nesters in Eastern Rural China. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 47(2), 1-9.
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… scope is limited to informal institutions, then it was studied that social norms, culture, and cognitive aspects like perceptions reduce the uncertainty in economic decisions of that region (Escandon-Barbosa et al., 2019). Prior studies suggested that there are four environmental dimensions of the entrepreneurial process: government policies, … decisions of that region (Escandon-Barbosa et al., 2019). Prior studies suggested that there are four environmental dimensions of the entrepreneurial process: government policies, socio-economic condition, business skills, and financial or non0finanacila help. The informal factors serve as mediators between formal factors and entrepreneurial activity. For example, if in ……
References
Coelho, A. (2019). The role of informal institutions in the enforcement of rules and how to improve corporate and public governance in Brazil: Studies based on a set of corporate governance cases involving state-owned companies (Working Paper). Retrieved from SSRN website https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3434037
Dacin, M.T., Goodstein, J. & Scott, W.R. (2002). Institutional theory and institutional change: Introduction to the special research forum. Academy of Management Journal, 45(1), 45- 47. DOI: 10.2307/3069284
Escandon-Barbosa, D.M., Urbano, D., Hurtado-Ayala, A., Paramo, J.S. & Dominguez, A.Z. (2019). Formal institutions, informal institutions, and entrepreneurial activity: A comparative relationship between rural and urban areas in Colombia. Journal of Urban Management, 8(3), 458-471. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jum.2019.06.002
Estrin, S. & Prevezer, M. (2010). The role of informal institutions in corporate governance: Brazil, Russia, India, and China compared. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 28, 41- 67. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10490-010-9229-1
Kaufmann, W., Hooghiemstra, R. & Feeney, M.K. (2018). Formal institutions, informal institutions, and red tape: A comparative study. Public Administration, 96(2), 386-403. https://doi.org/10.1111/padm.12397
Meluch, A.L. (2016, August). Understanding the organizational and institutional origins of social support in a cancer support center. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from https://etd.ohiolink.edu/!etd.send_file?accession=kent1466944822&disposition=inline
Torniainen, T.J. & Sasstamoinen, O.J. (2007). Formal and informal institutions and their hierarchy in the regulation of the forest lease in Russia. Forestry: An International Journal of Forest Research, 80(5), 489-501. https://doi.org/10.1093/forestry/cpm033
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… African mechanisms helped to handle and manage health crises, it is believed that it was because the successful mechanisms took into account the socio-economic situation on the ground and wholesomely addressed the health crises and the related social and economic effects. Most of the mechanisms were initiated after elders or senior members of African societies met and discussed crises and suggested ways to … Improving survival and coping capabilities of African societies and communities through customary practices is quite important right now considering the volatile political and socio-economic condition across the continent and the reports of starvation, extreme poverty, and violence in various areas throughout Africa.
Most studies on how crises were … starvation, extreme poverty, and violence in various areas throughout Africa.
Most studies on how crises were managed in traditional African settings focused on economic, political, and security crises. The overwhelming majority of the studies focus on……
References
Abel-Smith, B., & Rawal, P. (1992). Can the poor afford ‘free’ health services? A case study of Tanzania. Health Policy and Planning, 7(4), 329-341.
Airhihenbuwa, C. O. (1995). Health and culture: Beyond the Western paradigm. Sage.
Fairhead, J. (2014). The significance of death, funerals, and the after-life in Ebola-hit Sierra Leone, Guinea, and Liberia: Anthropological insights into infection and social resistance.
Handler, J. S. (2016). Custom and law: The status of enslaved Africans in seventeenth-Century Barbados. Slavery & Abolition, 37(2), 233-255.
Iganus, R. B., & Haruna, A. (2017). The Strength of African Culture in Managing Family Crisis in a Globalized World. Anthropol, 5(197), 2332-0915.
Manguvo, A., & Mafuvadze, B. (2015). The impact of traditional and religious practices on the spread of Ebola in West Africa: time for a strategic shift. The Pan African Medical Journal, 22(Suppl 1).
Marsland, R. (2006). Community participation the Tanzanian way: Conceptual contiguity or power struggle? Oxford Development Studies, 34(1).
Patton, M. Q. (2014). Qualitative research & evaluation methods: Integrating theory and practice. Sage publications.
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…
So paying off debts saves Howe from the spiral of taking more loans in the future to pay off the existing ones as economic condition might vary and Howe doesn’t have a lot of available funds to assist themselves in the time of crisis, while the college education ……
References
Doyle, A. (2019, May 14). How much is the average wage in America. The Balance Careers. Retrieved from https://www.thebalancecareers.com/how-much-is-the-average-raise-in-america-4582795
Solution, I. D. (n.d.). How To Set Financial Goals: 6 Simple Steps. InCharge Debt Solution.
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...Economic condition Abortion and Its Ongoing issues in America
The issue of abortion, while never far from the spotlight, has been making headlines again recently as New York passed a full-term abortion law (Tolentino) and Virginia has one similar in the works (North). The Virginia bill has been described as infanticide (BBC) and President Trump has even called for a ban on late-term abortions (Green). However, many Americans continue to be divided on the abortion issue. This paper will describe the current state of abortion in America, the ongoing issues regarding what should be permissible and what should be denied, and how the subject continues to be a major political sticking point.
Abortion has been legal in America since Roe v. Wade, the Supreme Court case that judged abortion to be the legal right of a mother—i.e., she had the right to determine whether to keep or kill her baby up to……
Works Cited
BBC. “Virginia late-term abortion bill labelled 'infanticide'.” BBC, 2019. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-47066307
Green, Emma. “Trump Sees an Opening With Voters on Late-Term Abortion.” Atlantic,2019. https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2019/02/trump-decries-late-term-abortions-state-union-address/582127/
Kliff, Sarah. “The new Trump plan to defund Planned Parenthood, explained.” Vox,2018. https://www.vox.com/2018/5/18/17367964/trump-abortion-planned-parenthood-defund
North, Anna. “The controversy around Virginia’s new abortion bill, explained.” Vox,2019. https://www.vox.com/2019/2/1/18205428/virginia-abortion-bill-kathy-tran-ralph-northam
Selk, Avi. “‘Jane Roe’ made abortion legal. Then a minister made her rethink.”
Washington Post, 2017. https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/acts-of-faith/wp/2017/02/18/jane-roe-made-abortion-legal-then-a-minister-made-her-repent/?noredirect=on&utm_term=.35ad2f642945
Tolentino, Jia. “How Abortion Law in New York Will Change, and How It Won’t.” New Yorker, 2019. https://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/how-abortion-law-in-new-york-will-change-and-how-it-wont
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… asset bubbles currently seen today (Huston & Spencer, 2018). Goldman Sachs settled with the SEC and agreed to pay $550 million on the condition that the bank not be required to admit any wrongdoing. Tourre refused to settle and the case went to trial. He was found ……
References
Baer, J. (2014). Former Goldman Trader Tourre Won't Appeal Fraud Verdict. Retrieved from https://www.wsj.com/articles/former-goldman-trader-tourre-wont-seek-appeal-of-securities-fraud-verdict-1401221556
Huston, J. H., & Spencer, R. W. (2018). Quantitative easing and asset bubbles. Applied Economics Letters, 25(6), 369-374.
Lewis, M. (2010). The Big Short. NY: W. W. Norton.
McDonald, R., & Paulson, A. (2015). AIG in Hindsight. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 29(2), 81-106.
Murray, N., Manrai, A. K., & Manrai, L. A. (2018). The role of incentives/punishments, moral hazard, and conflicts of interests in the 2008 financial crisis. The bi-annual academic publication of Universidad ESAN, 22(43).
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Weisenthal, J. (2009). Goldman Sachs made billions shorting AIG. Retrieved from https://www.businessinsider.com/goldman-sachs-made-billions-shorting-aig-2009-3
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… for empowerment and treatment.
Target Groups
The primary beneficiaries of the project will be young, adult, as well as elderly women from poor socio-economic backgrounds and are staying in Niger’s rural areas.
There will be three sites of intervention:
1. Tahoua (Tchintabaraden, the region’s community with the … and that the stigma surrounding the disease will reduce or be eliminated.
4. Timetable
Phase 1: First Six Months: Objectives include treating common condition, raising awareness about reproductive health, and identifying women with fistula.
Phase 2 : Second Six Months: Objectives include designing surgical interventions for the ……
Resources:
Barroy, Helene; Cortez, Rafael A.; Karamoko, Djibrilla. 2015. Adolescent sexual and reproductive health in Niger (English). Health, nutrition, and population (HNP) knowledge brief. Washington, D.C. : World Bank Group. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/684231467991017488/Adolescent-sexual-and-reproductive-health-in-Niger
Study Document
… rates of youth homelessness are approximately 50% as high as prevalence rates (Morton et al., 2017).
III. Causes/Contributing Factors to Homelessness
· Social condition and maladaptive behaviors contribute to the problem of homelessness (Mabhala, Yohannes & Griffith, 2017).
· Income inequality, poor housing policies, and neighborhood gentrification …
Tsai, J. (2018), Lifetime and 1-year Prevalence of Homelessness in the U.S. Population: Results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related condition-111, Journal of Public Health 40(1), 65-78, https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdx034
The research indicate that homelessness have become a public health problem Though there a few recent … of homelessness is 4.2% while the 1 year rate is 1.5%. The prevalence of this problem is linked to various behavioral health and economic factors.……
Bibiligraphy
Dreyer, B.P. (2018), A Shelter is not a Home: The Crisis of Family Homelessness in the United States, Pediatrics, 142(5) 1-3, httpps://doi.org10.1542/peds.2018-2695 Ly, A. & Latimer, E., (2015), Housing First Impact on Cost and Associated Cost Offsets A review of literature, Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 60(11) 475-487, doi: 10.1177/070674371506001103
Mabhala, M.A., Yohannes, A. & , Griffith, M. (2017), Social Conditions of Becoming Homelessness, Qualitative Analysis of Life Stories of Homelessness People, International Journal for Equity in Health, 16(150), Doi:10.1186/s12939-017-0646-3
Morton et al, (2017), Prevalence and Correlates of Youth Homelessness in the United States, Journal of Adolescent Health, 62, 14-21 Doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2017.10.006
Oppenheimer, S.C., Nurius, P.S. & Green, S. (2018) Homeless History Impact on Health Outcome and Economics and Risk Behaviors Intermediaries: New Insight from Population Data, Families in Society, 97(3), 230-242, Doi:10.1606/1044-3894.2016.97.21
Tsai, J., O’Toole, T. & Kearney, L. K. (2017), Homelessness as a Public Mental Health and Social Problem, New Knowledge and Solution, Psychological Services, 14(2), 113-117, http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/ser0000164
Tsai, J. (2018), Lifetime and 1-year Prevalence of Homelessness in the U.S. Population: Results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions-111, Journal of Public Health 40(1), 65-78, https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdx034
Yousey, A. & Samundra, R. (2018) Defining Homelessness in the Rural United States, Online Journal of Rural Research & Policy, 13(4), http://doi.org/10.4148/1936-0487.1094
Weisz, C. & Quinn, D.M. (2017), Stigmatized and identities Psychological Distress and Physical Health, Intersection of homelessness and Race, Stigma and Health 1-6, http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/sah0000093
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