Study Document
Impact of drug Abuse on School Children Aged 10 To 18 in Developed Countries (U.S., Canada, France, England, Germany, Italy, Russia, Australia, Japan and China): Narrative … Australia, Japan and China): Narrative Literature Review
Introduction
The problem addressed in this literature review is that in developed countries around the world, drug abuse among school children between the ages of 10 and 18 is on the rise (UN, 2018). School children are particularly vulnerable because … and 18 is on the rise (UN, 2018). School children are particularly vulnerable because their bodies and minds are still developing and when drug are introduced to their systems, the impact can be devastating to them personally in physical and mental health terms (Stockings et al., 2016). … health terms (Stockings et al., 2016). Yet all around the developed world this is happening. Children are being brought into and exposed to drug culture because drug……
References
Baggio, S., Spilka, S., Studer, J., Iglesias, K., & Gmel, G. (2016). Trajectories of drug use among French young people: Prototypical stages of involvement in illicit drug use. Journal of Substance Use, 21(5), 485-490.
Bonyani, A., Safaeian, L., Chehrazi, M., Etedali, A., Zaghian, M., & Mashhadian, F. (2018). A high school-based education concerning drug abuse prevention. Journal of education and health promotion, 7.
Chu, Y. W. L. (2015). Do medical marijuana laws increase hard-drug use?. The Journal of Law and Economics, 58(2), 481-517.
Downes, D. (2017). The drug addict as a folk devil. In Drugs and politics (pp. 89-97). Routledge.
Goodchild, M., Nargis, N., & d\\'Espaignet, E. T. (2018). Global economic cost of smoking-attributable diseases. Tobacco control, 27(1), 58-64.
Grant, C. N., & Bélanger, R. E. (2017). Cannabis and Canada’s children and youth. Paediatrics & child health, 22(2), 98-102.
Herbert, A., Gonzalez-Izquierdo, A., McGhee, J., Li, L., & Gilbert, R. (2016). Time-trends in rates of hospital admission of adolescents for violent, self-inflicted or drug/alcohol-related injury in England and Scotland, 2005–11: population-based analysis. Journal of Public Health, 39(1), 65-73.
Henkel, D., & Zemlin, U. (2016). Social inequality and substance use and problematic gambling among adolescents and young adults: a review of epidemiological surveys in Germany. Current drug abuse reviews, 9(1), 26-48.
Study Document
Poor Children, the Problem of drug Therapy and Possible Alternatives
Introduction
Foster children are more likely than children in the general population to have mental health issues (Polihronakis, 2008). … require a mental health intervention. The primary means by which the medical industry treats mental health issues is by way of pharmacological intervention—i.e., drug therapy. As Kutz (2011) shows, a higher rate of foster children receive psychotropic prescriptions than non-foster children. This is a problem because, as … methods of treatment that can be used—such as animal assisted therapy or cognitive behavioral therapy (Korry, 2015). This paper will discuss whether a drug-therapy heavy approach to treating poor and foster care children with mental health issues is part of the basis of creating dependencies to psychiatric … heavy approach to treating poor and foster care children with mental health issues is part of the basis of creating dependencies to psychiatric drug……
References
Broaddus, M. E. (2017). A Demonstration Project to Address Juvenile Drug Addiction.
Graduate Thesis, Bellarmine.
Korry, E. (2015). California Moves To Stop Misuse Of Psychiatric Meds In Foster Care.
Retrieved from https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2015/09/02/436350334/california-moves-to-stop-misuse-of-psychiatric-meds-in-foster-care
Kutz, G. D. (2011). Foster Children: HHS Guidance Could Help States Improve
Oversight of Psychotropic Prescriptions: Testimony Before the Subcommittee on Federal Financial Management, Government Information, Federal Services, and International Security, Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs, US Senate. US Government Accountability Office.
National Foster Youth Institute. (2017). Aging out of foster care. Retrieved from
https://www.nfyi.org/51-useful-aging-out-of-foster-care-statistics-social-race-media/
Study Document
...Drug addict Literature Review
As Masini (2010) shows, animal-assisted therapy can be quite useful in helping patients engaging in substance abuse treatment. Masini (2010) highlights the benefits of equine-assisted psychotherapy in particular, as do Hauge, Kvalem, Berget, Enders-Slegers & Braastad (2014), who note that engaging clients with horses can facilitate the perception of having a stronger social support. As social support is a necessary part to overcoming or battling substance abuse, the animal-assisted intervention can be seen as a positive influence (Birtel, Wood & Kempa, 2017; Muela, Balluerka, Amiano, Caldentey & Aliri, 2017).
Animal-assisted therapy can have a positive effect on engagement and retention of individuals in substance abuse treatment. Kelly and Cozzolino (2015), for example, have shown that at-risk youth have been aided by animal-assisted therapy in their attempts to overcome issues of substance abuse. Animal-assisted therapy represents a “goal-oriented adjunct to traditional therapy programs” (Kelly & Cozzolino, 2015, p. 421).……
References
Birtel, M. D., Wood, L., & Kempa, N. J. (2017). Stigma and social support in substance abuse: Implications for mental health and well-being. Psychiatry Research, 252, 1-8.
Contalbrigo, L., De Santis, M., Toson, M., Montanaro, M., Farina, L., Costa, A., & Nava,F. (2017). The efficacy of dog assisted therapy in detained drug users: A pilot study in an Italian attenuated custody institute. International journal of environmental research and public health, 14(7), 683.
Hauge, H., Kvalem, I. L., Berget, B., Enders-Slegers, M. J., & Braastad, B. O. (2014). Equine-assisted activities and the impact on perceived social support, self-esteem and self-efficacy among adolescents–an intervention study. International journal of adolescence and youth, 19(1), 1-21.
Kelly, M. A., & Cozzolino, C. A. (2015). Helping at-risk youth overcome trauma and substance abuse through animal-assisted therapy. Contemporary Justice Review, 18(4), 421-434.
Kern-Godal, A., Arnevik, E. A., Walderhaug, E., & Ravndal, E. (2015). Substance use disorder treatment retention and completion: a prospective study of horse-assisted therapy (HAT) for young adults. Addiction science & clinical practice, 10(1), 21.
Klemetsen, M. G., & Lindstrom, T. C. (2017). Animal-assisted therapy in the treatment of substance use disorders: A systematic mixed methods review. Human-Animal Interaction Bull, 5, 90-117.
Masini, A., PhD. (2010). Equine-assisted psychotherapy in clinical practice. Journal of Psychosocial Nursing & Mental Health Services, 48(10), 30-34. doi: http://fir.tesu.edu:2074/10.3928/02793695-20100831-08
Muela, A., Balluerka, N., Amiano, N., Caldentey, M. A., & Aliri, J. (2017). Animal-assisted psychotherapy for young people with behavioural problems in residential care. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 24(6), O1485-O1494. doi: http://fir.tesu.edu:2074/10.1002/cpp.2112
Study Document
Marijuana is a drug that is acquired from the cannabis plant. It is also referred to as cannabis and it is a psychoactive drug (Miller, Oberbarnscheidt and Gold 1). Marijuana is used for recreational or medical purposes. Across the world, marijuana is the most commonly used illicit … (Miller, Oberbarnscheidt and Gold 1). Marijuana is used for recreational or medical purposes. Across the world, marijuana is the most commonly used illicit drug and it is classified as Schedule 1 controlled substance. It alters the mood of a person and affects almost every organ in the … of a person and affects almost every organ in the body. The cannabis plant is normally dried out, ground up, and smoked. The drug comes in many forms and it can even be baked. In most instances, it is added in the ingredients for cookies and candies … for cookies and candies for it……
References
Ford, Benjamin M, et al. \\\\\\"Synthetic Pot: Not Your Grandfather’s Marijuana.\\\\\\" Trends in Pharmacological Sciences 38.3 (2017): 257-76. Print.
Hefner, Kathryn R, Mark J Starr, and John J Curtin. \\\\\\"Altered Subjective Reward Valuation among Drug-Deprived Heavy Marijuana Users: Aversion to Uncertainty.\\\\\\" Journal of abnormal psychology 125.1 (2016): 138. Print.
Miller, NS, T Oberbarnscheidt, and MS Gold. \\\\\\"Marijuana Addictive Disorders: Dsm-5 Substance-Related Disorders.\\\\\\" J Addict Res Ther S 11 (2017): 2. Print.
Uhl, George R, George F Koob, and Jennifer Cable. \\\\\\"The Neurobiology of Addiction.\\\\\\" Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1451.1 (2019): 5. Print.
Wong, Su-Wei, and Hsien-Chang Lin. \\\\\\"Medical Marijuana Legalization and Associated Illicit Drug Use and Prescription Medication Misuse among Adolescents in the Us.\\\\\\" Addictive behaviors 90 (2019): 48-54. Print.
Study Document
Outline
I. Introduction
A. History of drug, cross-cultural perspective
1. Opium wars (ACLU, 2020)
2. Since Nixon, the modern “war on drug” (Pearl, 2018)
3. History of drug use in different societies (ACLU, 2020)
B. History of government intervention in the private lives of individuals via drug policy (ACLU, 2020); Baumbauer, 2012).
C. Effects of the war on drug
1. Is it effective? Quantify the deaths related to the WOD, as well as the social entropy in communities, families, and within individuals … & Hall, 2018; Godlee,& Hurley, 2016).
2. Psychedelics (Coyne & Hall, 2018; Godlee,& Hurley, 2016)
IV. Discussion
V. Conclusions
A. The war on drug is a human rights issue.
B. The war on drug is illogical and empirically proven to be an illegitimate and ineffective strategy.
C. drug have been branded and arbitrarily classified as “socially acceptable” versus “criminal,” when drug themselves are simply tools and can……
References
ACLU (2020). Against drug prohibition. Retrieved from: https://www.aclu.org/other/against-drug-prohibition " target="_blank" REL="NOFOLLOW">
Study Document
War on drug Futile Failing and Nefariously Linked to the War on Terror
Effectiveness of the War on drug
Outline
I. Introduction
A. History of drug, cross-cultural perspective
1. Opium wars
2. Since Nixon, the modern “war on drug”
3. History of drug use in different societies
B. History of government intervention in the private lives of individuals via drug policy.
C. Effects of the war on drug
1. Is it effective? Quantify the deaths related to the WOD, as well as the social entropy in communities, families, and within individuals
… health/safety with personal liberty/self-empowerment
B. Alternate strategies, pilot projects
1. Cannabis law reform
2. Psychedelics
IV. Discussion
V. Conclusions
A. The war on drug is a human rights issue.
B. The war on drug is illogical and empirically proven to be an illegitimate and ineffective strategy.
C. drug have been branded and arbitrarily classified as “socially acceptable” versus……
References
ACLU (2020). Against drug prohibition. Retrieved from: https://www.aclu.org/other/against-drug-prohibition " target="_blank" REL="NOFOLLOW">
Study Document
1
The determining factors and the relationship between substance abuse and addict include time, the build-up of tolerance, the development of craving, and the experience of withdrawal so that the individual no longer wants to … of tolerance, the development of craving, and the experience of withdrawal so that the individual no longer wants to ever be without the drug. One who abuses substances is likely to get into legal or social trouble; one who is addict is one who no longer cares about the repercussions and cares only for the high that the substances promise (Doweiko, 2015).
In my … about the repercussions and cares only for the high that the substances promise (Doweiko, 2015).
In my own experience, abuse can turn into addict as the will gradually gives in to the craving. For instance, I have seen people become alcoholics as they start off just enjoying … tempted, he……
References
Doweiko, H. E. (2015). Concepts of chemical dependency (9th ed.). Stamford, CT: Cengage Learning. ISBN: 9781285455136.
New International Version. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.biblestudytools.com/1-peter/5-10.html
Study Document
…
Chemical Use Assessment/History and Treatment Recommendations
Name: Alan
DOB/Age: 42
Dates of Interviews: July 10-15, 2019
Evaluator: X
Reason for Assessment
Alan is addict to pornography and masturbation and wants to stop looking at pornography while alone. He has been “hooked” since the age of 14 but … come close to expiring the same feeling he had when he looked at porn for the first time. He wants to stop his addict because he feels it is hurting his marriage and he does not want to lose his wife, who knows about his one infidelity … is hurting his marriage and he does not want to lose his wife, who knows about his one infidelity as well as his addict and worries that he might stray again. He has already been divorced once and has a son who does not live with him. … has already been divorced once……
References
Brand, M., Snagowski, J., Laier, C., & Maderwald, S. (2016). Ventral striatum activity when watching preferred pornographic pictures is correlated with symptoms of Internet pornography addiction. Neuroimage, 129, 224-232.
Doweiko, H. E. (2015). Concepts of chemical dependency (9th ed.). Stamford, CT: Cengage Learning.
Gilbert, D. (2014). The Novena to St. Boniface of Tarsus: A Pastoral Program for Addressing Sexual Addiction in Colonial Mexico. Catholic Social Science Review, 19: 87-109.
Laaser, M. (2004). Healing the wounds of sexual addiction. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan.
Manley, G., & Koehler, J. (2001). Sexual behavior disorders: Proposed new classification in the DSM-V. Sexual Addiction &Compulsivity: The Journal of Treatment and Prevention, 8(3-4), 253-265.
McKeague, E. L. (2014). Differentiating the female sex addict: A literature review focused on themes of gender difference used to inform recommendations for treating women with sex addiction. Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity, 21(3), 203-224.
Park, B., Wilson, G., Berger, J., Christman, M., Reina, B., Bishop, F., ... & Doan, A. (2016). Is Internet pornography causing sexual dysfunctions? A review with clinical reports. Behavioral Sciences, 6(3), 17.
Young, K., Pistner, M.,O’Mara, J., & Buchanan, J. (2009). Cyber disorders: the mental health concern for the new millennium. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 2(5), 475-479.
Study Document
… strategy was devised, weakening the recipient’s immune system, infusing the donor bone marrow, and then the organ transplantation is done (Starzl 6). Immunosuppression drug were introduced to prevent organ rejection in the recipient (Starzl 5). By the 1920s, the Rockefeller Institute introduced the tenets of the transplantation … affecting the poorer population. Even the ethical counter-arguments have been given that focuses on the self-harm theory whereby in today’s generation intake of drug and other self-harming activities is mostly prevalent which dilutes the argument of a charitable act by the donor, and the recipient……
Work Cited
Barker, Clyde F, and James F Markmann. \\\\\\"Historical Overviewed of Transplantation.\\\\\\" Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine 3.4 (2013):
Benefits are a few for Kidney Sellers. (2002, December). USA Today Magazine, p. 10. Academic Search Premier.
County, B. (2015, April 8). 5 benefits of organ donations. Florida Today.
Ehtiush, E. (2011) Ethical controversies in organ transplantation. Understanding the Complexities of Kidney Transplantation. Retrieved April 16, 2020 from https://www.intechopen.com/books/understanding-the-complexities-of-kidney-transplantation/ethical-controversies-in-organ-transplantation
Grinyó, Josep M. \\\\\\"Why Is Organ Transplantation Clinically Important?\\\\\\" Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine 3.6 (2013)
Hughes, N. S. (2003, March). Human Kidneys: The New Cash Crop. New Internationalist. Academic Search Premier.
Hvidt, Niels Christian, et al. \\\\\\"For and against Organ Donation and Transplantation: Intricate Facilitators and Barriers in Organ Donation Perceived by German Nurses and Doctors.\\\\\\" Journal of transplantation 2016 (2016).
Radcliffe, J. (2012). Debating the ethics of organ transplantation. In The Ethics of Transplants. Oxford University Press.
Study Document
… activities especially those in hip hop, rap and music videos by artists like 50 Cent or Lil Wayne. Blacks are portrayed as womanizing drug addict hoodlums. Kanye West confesses that he too used to portray and play up these kinds of black stereotypes without realizing how hurtful it ……
References
Adorno, T. & Horkheimer, M. (2007). The culture industry: Enlightenment as mass deception. Stardom and celebrity: A reader, 34, 2007.
Bandura, A. (2018). Toward a psychology of human agency: Pathways and reflections. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 13(2), 130-136. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691617699280
Breger, M. L. (2017). Reforming by re-norming: How the legal system has the potential to change a toxic culture of domestic violence. J. Legis., 44, 170.
Cashmore, E. (2006). The Black culture industry. Routledge.
Coleman, L. (1974). Carl Van Vechten Presents the New Negro. Studies in the Literary Imagination, 7(2), 85.
Cramer, E. P., Choi, Y. J., & Ross, A. I. (2017). Race, Culture, and Abuse of Persons with Disabilities. In Religion, Disability, and Interpersonal Violence (pp. 89-110). Champaign, IL: Springer.
Davis, A. (2012). The Meaning of Freedom. San Francisco, CA: City Light Books.
Decker, J. L. (1993). The state of rap: Time and place in hip hop nationalism. Social Text, (34), 53-84.
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