Study Document
...Diseases At present, the symptoms presented by the student are consistent with infectious mononucleosis (IM) caused by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). This includes symptoms that appear to mimic those of the flu. In addition to a sore throat, the patient complains of aching joints and fatigue. It should be noted that an elevated temperature and swollen lymph nodes were revealed following an initial examination by the FNP. The lab results were, however, unremarkable and a Monospot test turned out to be negative. It is important to note that “because peak heterophile antibody levels are seen between 2 to 6 weeks from infection, testing too early in the disease process may lead to increased rates of false negative testing” (Stuempfig and Seroy, 2019). In the case study, we are told that the patient in question has been having “flu-like” symptoms for the last one week. Therefore, the Monospot test in this case could……
References
Balfour, H.H., Dunmire, S.K. & Hogguist, K.A. (2015). Infectious Mononucleosis. Clin Transl Immunology, 4(2), 33-39.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention – CDC (2018). About Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV). Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/epstein-barr/about-ebv.html
Dunmire, S.K., Hugguist, K.A. & Balfour, H.H. (2015). Infectious Mononucleosis. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol, 390, 211-240.
Stuempfig, N.D. & Seroy, J. (2019). Monospot Test. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK539739
Study Document
...Diseases CCHD
Disease Diagnosis: Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease (CCHD)
In the present scenario, it has been indicated that the child’s skin changes color (to a bluish color) every time she cries or exerts. On the basis of the presenting symptoms, cyanotic congenital heart disease (CCHD) is suspected. To a large extent, persons with CCHD have low oxygen levels in their blood. According to Zabala and Guzzetta (2015), this happens to be not only one of the most common defect at birth, but also a prevalent death cause amongst kids having congenital malformations. There are quite a number of birth defects that could cause CCHD. It is important to note that before birth, the condition happens to be largely asymptomatic. This is more so the case given that before birth, the placenta is involved in the transfer of oxygenated blood to the fetus. Thus, the condition often becomes symptomatic following birth. One……
References
Fleisher, G.R. & Ludwig, S. (2010). Textbook of Pediatric Emergency Medicine. New York, NY: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Zabala, L.M. & Guzzetta, N.A. (2015). Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease (CCHD): Focus on Hypoxemia, Secondary Erythrocytosis, and Coagulation Alterations. Pediatric Anesthesia, 25(10), 981-989.
Study Document
Introduction
Huntington’s disease is one of many neurodegenerative diseases, which has chorea as one of its prevalent symptoms (Hergert, Sanchez-Ramos, & Cimino, 2019, p.1) . Discovered in the late 1800s’ by George Huntington, ……
References
Boyle, C. A., Frölander, C., & Manley, G. (2008). Providing Dental Care for Patients with Huntington’s Disease. Dental Update, 35(5), 333–336. doi:10.12968/denu.2008.35.5.333. Retrieved from: https://sci-hub.tw/https://doi.org/10.12968/denu.2008.35.5.333
Hergert, D. C., Sanchez-Ramos, J., & Cimino, C. R. (2019). Awareness of Chorea in Huntington’s Disease. Journal of Huntington’s Disease, 1–5. doi:10.3233/jhd-190381. Retrieved from: https://sci-hub.tw/10.3233/JHD-190381
Manley, G., Lane, H., Carlsson, A., Ahlborg, B., Mårtensson, Å., Nilsson, M. B., … Rae, D. (2012). Guideline for oral healthcare of adults with Huntington’s disease. Neurodegenerative Disease Management, 2(1), 55–65. doi:10.2217/nmt.11.68. Retrieved from: https://sci-hub.tw/https://doi.org/10.2217/nmt.11.68
McColgan, P., & Tabrizi, S. J. (2017). Huntington’s disease: a clinical review. European Journal of Neurology, 25(1), 24–34. doi:10.1111/ene.13413. Retrieved from: https://sci-hub.tw/https://doi.org/10.1111/ene.13413
Petersén, Å., & Weydt, P. (2019). The psychopharmacology of Huntington disease. Handbook of Clinical Neurology, 165(3), 179–189. doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-64012-3.00010-1. Retrieved from: https://sci-hub.tw/10.1016/B978-0-444-64012-3.00010-1
Rodríguez, M. L, Sánchez, V. E. (2015). Periodontitis determining the onset and progression of Huntington\\\\\\'s disease: review of the literature. Medwave, 15(9). doi:10.5867/medwave.2015.09.6293.
Roos, R. A. C. (2010). Huntington’s disease: a clinical review. Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases, 5(1), pp.40-48. doi:10.1186/1750-1172-5-40. Retrieved from: https://sci-hub.tw/https://dx.doi.org/10.1186%2F1750-1172-5-40
Saft, C., Andrich, J. E., Müller, T., Becker, J., & Jackowski, J. (2013). Oral and dental health in Huntington‘s disease - an observational study. BMC Neurology, 13(1), 2-5. doi:10.1186/1471-2377-13-114. Retrieved from: https://sci-hub.tw/https://dx.doi.org/10.1186%2F1471-2377-13-114
Study Document
… work looks at what the evidence is saying about the efficacy of stem cell transplants approach in the treatment of Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases. It also investigates the possible drawbacks of using the approach.
Introduction
Expectations from medical researchers to come up with a breakthrough treatment for … during risk assessment (Herberts et al, 2011).
Further studies are needed to establish the best PD and AD model for treatment of the diseases. There is also a need to establish……
References
Alzheimer’s Association. (2015). 2015 Alzheimer\\\\'s disease facts and figures. Alzheimer\\\\'s & Dementia, 11(3), 332-384. doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2015.02.003.
Bali, P., Lahiri, D., Banik, A., Nehru, B., & Anand, A. (2017). Potential for Stem Cells Therapy in Alzheimer’s Disease: Do Neurotrophic Factors Play Critical Role? Current Alzheimer Research, 14(2), 208-220. doi:10.2174/1567205013666160314145347
Goodarzi, P., Aghayan, H. R., Larijani, B., Soleimani, M., Dehpour, A. R., Sahebjam, M., … Arjmand, B. (2015). Stem cell-based approach for the treatment of Parkinson\\\\'s disease. Medical journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 29, 168.
Herberts, C. A., Kwa, M. S., & Hermsen, H. P. (2011). Risk factors in the development of stem cell therapy. Journal of Translational Medicine, 9(1). doi:10.1186/1479-5876-9-29
Hwang, S., Gill, S., Pathak, S., & Subramanian, S. (2018, March 30). A Comparison of Stem Cell Therapies for Parkinson Disease | Published in Georgetown Medical Review. Retrieved June 11, 2019, from https://gmr.scholasticahq.com/article/3420-a-comparison-of-stem-cell-therapies-for-parkinson-disease
Railton, D. (2019, February 18). Stem cells: Therapy, controversy, and research. Retrieved June 11, 2019, from https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/200904.php
The Research Journal. (2017, September 20). Alzheimer\\\\'s and Parkinson\\\\'s - the current state of research. Retrieved June 11, 2019, from https://www.pasteur.fr/en/research-journal/reports/alzheimer-s-and-parkinson-s-current-state-research
Study Document
… Abdominal discomfort, nausea, jaundice and biliary colic are some symptoms of the condition. Imaging techniques are the most accurate diagnosis tools for gallbladder diseases. However, laboratory values such as CBC, serum amylase, liver-function testing and lipase can help differentiate the type of gallbladder disease/or identify related issues. … identified during autopsy or a surgical procedure of an unrelated condition. The condition is the most common inpatient diagnosis among liver and gastrointestinal diseases in the United States. Although the disease is asymptomatic, patients can progress into symptomatic condition of the disease. Cholecystitis (gallbladder inflammation) is the … bilirubin cycling and biliary tract infection. Bilirubin stones, also known as pigment stones, manifest in patients with biliary tract infections or chronic hemolytic diseases (or damaged RBCs). Pigment stones are more prevalent in Africa and Asia (Jugenheimer, et al., 2008).
Cholecystitis pathogenesis includes Hartmann’s pouch, effect of … complications during the surgical procedure.……
References
Anderson, P. O., Knoben, J. E., & Troutman, W. G. (2010). Clinical drug data. New York: McGraw-Hill Medical.
Al-alem, F., Mattar, R. E., Madkhali, A., Alsharabi, A., Alsaif, F., & Hassanain, M. (April 26, 2017). Incidental Gallbladder Cancer.
Borzellino, G., & Cordiano, C. (2008). Biliary lithiasis: Basic science, current diagnosis, and management. Milan: Springer.
Bullock, ., Shane, ., & Hales, . (2012). Principles of Pathophysiology. Sydney: P. Ed Australia.
In Agresta, F., In Campanile, F. C., & In Vettoretto, N. (2014). Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: An Evidence-based Guide.
In Cox, M. R., In Eslick, G. D., & In Padbury, R. (2018). The management of gallstone disease: A practical and evidence-based approach.
In Wang, D. Q.-H., & In Portincasa, P. A. M. (2017). Gallstones: Recent advances in epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and management.
Jugenheimer, M., Immenroth, M., Berg, T., & Brenner, J. (2008). Laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Heidelberg: Springer.
Study Document
...Diseases Q1. At present, COVID-19 has largely been a disease of the developed world. Even so, it has presented significant challenges for developed world nations such as the United States to contain its spread. What unique challenges are presented by Africa’s developing world nations in containing a disease for which there is no vaccine, and which is transmitted through social contact?
Q2. Unlike the West, Africa has already faced a relatively recent pandemic, that of Ebola. How are the challenges posed by COVID-19 similar to those posed by Ebola? How are they different? What particular precautions must be undertaken that were not necessary during the Ebola crisis, and how may existing resources be used to help fight COVID-19? What can be learned from the Ebola crisis, particularly from physicians who were there, treating patients at the time?
Q3. How is it possible to meaningfully introduce social distancing into an African context?……
Study Document
… Immunity Man
· My superhero’s name is Immunity Man.
· Their powers (that would help them fight the coronavirus) are immunity to all diseases.
· They got these powers by/when they nearly died when an experiment in a laboratory went horribly wrong.
· They will defeat the ……
Study Document
Current Issues with Communicable Diseases
Part 1 Whooping Cough is a disease that doctors may no longer recognize because it has become so rare. Alarms went off in … went off in California in the autumn of 2011 when nine infants died from the disease. There have been outbreaks of other preventable diseases such as a 2013 mumps outbreak in Monmouth County New Jersey, and a 2015 measles outbreak at Disneyland in California. In 275 words, ……
References
Areas at risk of Zika. (2018). U.S. Centers for Disease Control. Retrieved from https://www. cdc.gov/zika/geo/index.html.
Clinical evaluation and disease. (2018). U.S. Centers for Disease Control. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/zika/hc-providers/preparing-for-zika/clinicalevaluationdisease.html .
Introduction to epidemiology. (2018). U.S. Centers for Disease Control. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/ophss/csels/dsepd/ss1978/lesson1/section10.html .
Jakab, Z. (2018, August 22). Measles cases hit record high in Europe: WHO rash of 41,000 measles cases in Europe this year alone. Cape Times, 2.
Measles in Serbia. (2018). U.S. Centers for Disease Control. Retrieved from https://wwwnc. cdc.gov/travel/notices/watch/measles-serbia.
Takia, A. & Wichmann, O. (2014, October). Measles incidence and reporting trends in Germany, 2007-2011. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 92(10), 742-746.
Tomášková, H. & Zelená, H. (2018, March). Serological survey of measles immunity in the Czech Republic, 2013. Central European Journal of Public Health, 26(1), 22.
What you need to know. (2018). U.S. Centers for Disease Control. Retrieved from https://www. cdc.gov/zika/about/needtoknow.html.
Study Document
Abstract
Today, there are dozens of deadly diseases in the world, but the Ebola virus disease (alternatively “EVD” or “Ebola”) is among the most virulent and lethal. Although intensive research is … optimal strategies for responding to Ebola outbreaks in order to recommend further areas of study.
Significance of the problem
Unlike many other deadly diseases that continue to plague humankind, Ebola is in a category almost by itself in terms of its lethality. Indeed, Ebola infections typically kill ……
References
Allam, M. F. (2014, September). Ebola hemorrhagic fever: Case fatality rate 90%? Central European Journal of Public Health 22(3), 207-210.
Allam, M. F. & Vonka, V. (2015, March). Ebola virus disease: Temperature checks for travelers? Central European Journal of Public Health, 23(1), 84.
Brand, J. E. & Stela, D. (2014, October). Ebola is here: Knowledge, identification, and appropriate infection control are key. American Nurse Today, 9(10), 37-39.
Brown, G. (2015, Winter). Ebola in America: An epidemic or a pandemic? ABNF Journal, 26(1), 3-5.
Ebola. (2019). Doctors without Borders. Retrieved from https://www.doctorswithout borders.org/what-we-do/medical-issues/ebola.
Ebola outbreak. (2019). U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/history/2014-2016-outbreak/index.html .
Ebola virus disease. (2019). U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/index.html .
Hancock, M. (2019, September). After Ebola. African Business, 422, 56-58.
Study Document
...Diseases Keywords: corona virus, coronavirus, covid, covid-19
Executive Summary
The current coronavirus health crisis facing the world has brought about a need for rethinking and reorientation of public administration. Public administration in many of the jurisdictions has been tasked with the role of keeping the public safe; by ensuring that there are no public gatherings and that people remain in their homes. To emphasize on social distancing, government, and in general, public administrations have banned mass public gatherings of all kinds (McCloskey et al., 2020). In various jurisdictions, the ban on mass gathering has been designed to address the specific aspects of society. So far, pubic administrations have been effective in the implementation of social distancing measures, and in general, the actions taken by public administrations are supported by the masses, despite the little challenges that such measures might bring about. However, it is expected that as new information on the……
Reference
Fong, M. W., Gao, H., Wong, J. Y., Xiao, J., Shiu, E. Y., Ryu, S., & Cowling, B. J. (2020). Nonpharmaceutical Measures for Pandemic Influenza in Nonhealthcare Settings-Social Distancing Measures. Emerging infectious diseases, 26(5).
McCloskey, B., Zumla, A., Ippolito, G., Blumberg, L., Arbon, P., Cicero, A., ... & Borodina, M. (2020). Mass gathering events and reducing further global spread of COVID-19: a political and public health dilemma. The Lancet.
O\\\\\\'Leary, R., Van Slyke, D. M., & Kim, S. (Eds.). (2010). The future of public administration around the world: The Minnowbrook perspective. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press.
Tuite, A. R., Ng, V., Rees, E., & Fisman, D. (2020). Estimation of COVID-19 outbreak size in Italy. The Lancet Infectious Diseases.
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