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… really adults their lives have been forfeited to the state. The question this documentary asks is whether this is a fair approach to criminal justice. The documentary looks at both sides of the issue, showing that from one perspective it does not seem fair that a mistake—even … who give their perspective. Some of the groups involved are the Equal Justice Initiative, as well as the Center for Law, Brain and behavior. A reporter for the Marshall Project is there to help show that there is more going on with these convicts below the surface: … But the documentary tends to fall on the side of mercy and clemency, as it ends on a tone of optimism that the criminal justice system is finally moving in the right direction by allowing these individuals to be paroled. If there is any bias in the ……
Study Document
...Criminal behavior Developing Ethical Leaders in Law Enforcement
At any point in time but especially during periods of social and political unrest, American citizens look to law enforcement authorities to provide them with the informed guidance and support they need to navigate their ways through these challenging times successfully. It is therefore incumbent upon law enforcement agencies at every level to create an organizational culture that places a high priority of ethical policing practices and to develop ethical leaders that can model the way for their subordinates. To this end, the purpose of this paper is to provide a review of the relevant literature to explicate the importance of ethical leadership and to identify strategies for developing ethical leaders in law enforcement today. A summary of the research and key findings concerning these issues are presented in the paper’s conclusion.
Review and Discussion
Importance of Ethical Leadership in Law Enforcement
One of……
References
Hughes, P. J. (2017, January 1). A new sheriff in town. Advancing Women in Leadership, 31, 8-13.
Law enforcement code of ethics. (2020). The International Association of Chiefs of Police. Retrieved from https://www.theiacp.org/resources/law-enforcement-code-of-ethics .
Law enforcement facts. (2020). National Law Enforcement Officers Memorial Fund. Retrieved from https://nleomf.org/facts-figures/law-enforcement-facts .
McCarthy, N. (2019, May 8). The number of U.S. police officers killed in the line of duty increased law year. Forbes. Retrieved from https://www.forbes.com/sites/niallmccarthy/2019/05/08/the-number-of-u-s-police-officers-killed-in-the-line-of-duty-increased-last-year-infographic/
Owens, K. M. & Pfeifer, J. (2009, June). Police leadership and ethics: Training and policy recommendations. Canadian Journal of Police and Security Services, 1(2), 124-130.
Steirheim, M. (2020, March). The importance of ethical leadership and moral courage in pubic management. Public Management, 102(3), 19-23.
Study Document
… its potential threats to national security. This qualitative case study research explores the proposition that cyber security should be deemed an acceptable state behavior while cyber attack is unacceptable. This study seeks to answer the question, “How is cyber espionage an acceptable state behavior for intelligence gathering though it potentially damages relations between nation-states?” The qualitative case study examined existing studies on this issue and employed thematic … existing studies on this issue and employed thematic analysis to analyze the data. The study found that cyber espionage is an acceptable state behavior since it plays a key role in cyber warfare, helps to establish appropriate countermeasures against cyberattacks and potential threats in cyberspace, and enhances … provides significant insights on this topic, future studies should examine the issue based on empirical or primary data.
Keywords: cyber espionage, acceptability, state behavior, cyberattacks, relationship, intelligence gathering, national security, cyber warfare, cyber……
Bibliography
Ablon, L. “Data Thieves: The Motivations of Cyber Threat Actors and Their Use and Monetization of Stolen Data.” RAND Corporation, March 2018. https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/testimonies/CT400/CT490/RAND_CT490.pdf
Agarwal A. & CERT-IN. “Cyber Espionage, Infiltration and Combating Techniques.” Indian Computer Emergency Response Team, 2013. https://www.cert-in.org.in/Downloader?pageid=5&type=2&fileName=CIPS-2013-0128.pdf
Banks, W.C. “Cyber Espionage and Electronic Surveillance: Beyond the Media Coverage.” Emory law Journal 66, (2017).
Baxter, P. & Jack, S. “Qualitative Case Study Methodology: Study Design and Implementation for Novice Researchers.” The Qualitative Report 13, no. 4 (2008).
Brown, G. “Spying and Fighting in Cyberspace: What is Which?” Journal of National Security Law & Policy 8, (2017).
Connell, M. & Vogler, S. “Russia’s Approach to Cyber Warfare.” CNA Analysis and Solutions, 2017. https://www.cna.org/CNA_files/PDF/DOP-2016-U-014231-1Rev.pdf
Creswell, J.W. Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches, 4th ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications Inc.
Diplomacy Data. “Cyber Security and Cyber Espionage in International Relations.” Diplomacy Data, 2015. http://diplomacydata.com/cyber-security-and-cyber-espionage-in-international-relations/
Study Document
… one going through puberty at the same time, the effects of emotional devastation and loss can be confusing and even traumatic. Therefore, Jim’s behavior, his shift in social scene, and his differential identity during this time do need to be viewed in context. Perspective can help Jim’s … Likewise, Jim’s personality changes—such as being more withdrawn and not participating in class—are possible warning signs of ineffective coping. Whether or not Jim’s behavior are due to suppressed emotions connected with the trauma of losing his sister, or whether those behavior would have manifested regardless, is irrelevant in this case. In fact, Jim’s father has used silence and suppression of emotion as the means … In fact, Jim’s father has used silence and suppression of emotion as the means by which he deals with stress and trauma. Jim’s behavior could be a result of modeling his father. What matters most is……
References
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Shulman, L. (2011). Dynamics and skills of group counseling. Belmont, CA: Brooks/Cole.
Study Document
… and he also appeared to be mentally ill.
Thus, I do not see these arsons as terrorism, domestic or otherwise. They are a criminal lashing out against his mother being arrested. The textbook definition of terrorism is a fairly low bar to clear – social protest – … a highly generalized manner in retaliation for some perceived slight. I would say that the term terrorism does not mean this type of behavior.
References
CNN. (2012). Los Angeles arson suspect charged with 37 counts. CNN. Retrieved June 11, 2020 from https://www.cnn.com/2012/01/04/us/california-arson/index.html
Section 4: Fire & People, ……
References
CNN. (2012). Los Angeles arson suspect charged with 37 counts. CNN. Retrieved June 11, 2020 from https://www.cnn.com/2012/01/04/us/california-arson/index.html
Section 4: Fire & People, Unit 2: Arson. In possession of the author.
Study Document
…
SECTION II –THEORY/THEORIST(S), CONCEPTS OF HUMAN GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
1. Choose any two theories/theorists on the effect of the social environment on human behavior and one theory/theorist on, Person-In-Environment (PIE).
Social Learning Theory
According to Bandura, a crititcal element of human learning occurs through imitation. Of course, … members to operate in socially acceptable ways. The socializing process is so important that it has a major effect on all kinds of behavior, including skills of technical nature. Most of the boys of teenage age in the U.S. feel that they won't be compatible with their … ways; girls are also taught to behave in ways expected of girls and women. People, though, as they grow older, keep adjusting their behavior as they depend less and less on external influence. In other words, adults build their internal standards to punish and reward what they ……
References
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Belgrave, F. Z., & Allison, K. W. (2009). African American psychology: From Africa to America. Los Angeles: Sage.
Brittian A. S. (2012). Understanding African American Adolescents\\\\\\' Identity Development: A Relational Developmental Systems Perspective. The Journal of black psychology, 38(2), 172–200. https://doi.org/10.1177/0095798411414570
Chávez, R. (2016). Psychosocial development factors associated with occupational and vocational identity between infancy and adolescence. Adolescent Research Review, 1(4), 307-327.
Crain, W. C. (2014). Theories of development: Concepts and applications. Harlow, Essex: Pearson.
Fernandes-Alcantara, A. L. (2018). Vulnerable Youth: Background and policies.Congressional Research Service
Newman, B. M., & Newman, P. R. (2015). Theories of human development. Psychology Press.
Reubins, B. M., &Reubins, M. S. (2014). Pioneers of child psychoanalysis: Influential theories and practices in healthy child development. London: Karnac.
Study Document
… (Smith, 2007). Indeed, nothing really has changed because as Wedge (2011) points out, “there is no consensus in the medical community about what behavior constitute a particular ‘disorder’.” Bleuler helped to popularize the idea of the “split mind” in modern times, which has been used to characterize … issue is even more complex because children can be misdiagnosed as having a psychopathological disorder if they are judged by adult standards of behavior. It has to be remembered that children behave differently from adults and they could just be exceptionally creative or energetic or hyperactive or … Freud began the work on the psychoanalysis, by exploring the levels of consciousness and linking these levels with a motivating force for human behavior, and troubled psychopathology was in his view the result of repressed desire in the unconscious trying to work its way out—usually some fixation ……
References
Kyziridis, T. (2005). Notes on the history of schizophrenia. German Journal of Psychiatry 8, 42-8.
McGuire, P.K. et al. (1995). Abnormal monitoring of inner speech: a physiological basis for auditory hallucinations. The Lancet 346, p. 596-600.
Nimgaonkar,V. (2006). Causes of schizophrenia. PA: University of Pitt.
Smith, D. (2007). Muses, Madmen, and Prophets: Hearing Voices and the Borders of Sanity. NY: Penguin Books.
Watson, J. C. (2011). Treatment failure in humanistic and experiential psychotherapy. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 67(11), 1117-1128. doi:10.1002/jclp.20849
Wedge, M. (2011). Six problems with psychiatric diagnosis for children. Retrieved from https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/suffer-the-children/201105/six-problems-psychiatric-diagnosis-children
Study Document
… As a matter of fact, the banking industry happens to be one of the most heavily regulated industries in all of U.S. economy. criminal elements have, however, always found a way of manipulating the system to engage in theft, embezzlement, or other forms of fraud. The said … elements have, however, always found a way of manipulating the system to engage in theft, embezzlement, or other forms of fraud. The said criminal elements could either be employees of the firm, business collaborators, or outsiders working alone or in cahoots with bank employees.
From a broader … “nonviolent crime committed for financial gain” (Zagaris, 2010, p. 113). On the other hand, in the financial services realm, violent robbery is any criminal act that involves the holding up of a bank in a forceful manner with an intention of making away with money or other … across the nation. It therefore……
References
Albrecht, W.S., Albrecht, C.C., Albrecht, C.O. & Zimbelman, M.F. (2008). Fraud Examination (3rd ed.). Mason, OH: Cengage Learning.
Dionne, B. (2020). Regions Bank Teller Accused of Stealing Customer Identities Faces Felony Charges. Retrieved https://www.wbrc.com/2020/01/30/regions-bank-teller-accused-stealing-customer-identities-facing-felony-charges/
Golden, T.W., Skalak, S.L. & Clayton, M.M. (2006). A Guide to Forensic Accounting Investigation. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.
Krancher, M., Riley, R. & Wells, T.J. (2010). Forensic Accounting and Fraud Examination. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.
Singleton, T.W., Singleton, A.J. & Bologna, R.J. (2006). Fraud Auditing and Forensic Accounting (3rd ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.
Zagaris, B. (2010). International White Collar Crime: Cases and Materials. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
Study Document
… the rise of the prison-industrial complex as being “accompanied by an ideological campaign to persuade us once again…that race is a marker of criminal.”[footnoteRef:2] In other words, the prison complex is there to herd blacks into a system, whereby they are branded like cattle—marked as being lowlifes, … and oppression: the prison-industrial system—and then they began arresting blacks for “crimes” that in any real, civilized society would never have been considered criminal in the first place. [2: Angela Y. Davis, The Meaning of Freedom (San Francisco, CA: City Light Books, 2012), 38.]
This notion is … controlled practiced by the rulers in order to further change and subvert the minorities they wanted to oppress: “Designed to ‘cure’ deviants, the behavior-modification programs at Marion functioned to control and forcefully change inmate behavior, beliefs, and thoughts. Including practices as varied as brainwashing, the use of snitches and rumors, pornography, sensory deprivation,……
Bibliography
Davis, Angela. The Meaning of Freedom. San Francisco, CA: City Light Books, 2012.
Gomez, Alan. “Resisting Living Death at Marion Federal Penitentiary, 1972,” Radical History Review 96 (2006): 58–86.
Prashad, Vijay. “Second-Hand Dreams,” Social Analysis 49: 2 (Summer 2005): 191-198.
Sudbury, Julia. “A World Without Prisons: Resisting Militarism, Globalized Punishment, and Empire,” Social Justice 31.2 (2004): 9-28.
Study Document
What is Cybercrime?
Definition of Cybercrime
Cybercrime is any criminal activity that is conducted using computers or the Internet. As today’s digital natives have the most experience with computers, criminal tend to be of the Millennial generation—i.e., born after 1980. They are young, digitally sophisticated, and able to operate with a degree of … discipline that allows them to hide their crimes beneath legitimate-looking facades. Spearphishing is one example of a type of cybercrime used by professional criminal to lure victims into traps or sites that have the appearance of legitimacy.
Cybercrime is committed by people who know computer code, understand … as the technology developed cybercrime began to focus on committing fraud in a variety of forms, identity theft, and hacking (Schjølberg, 2017). Today, criminal can take control of radar systems, hijack ships, and steal data. Common cyber crime often takes the form of enterprise crime, in which ………
References
Computer Hope. (2019). When was the first computer invented? Retrieved from https://www.computerhope.com/issues/ch000984.htm
Crane, C. (2019). 33 alarming cybercrime statistics you should know in 2019. Retrieved from https://www.thesslstore.com/blog/33-alarming-cybercrime-statistics-you-should-know/
Schjølberg, Stein. (2017). The History of Cybercrime (1976-2016). Books on Demand.
Statista. (2020). Global digital population. Retrieved from https://www.statista.com/statistics/617136/digital-population-worldwide/
Taylor, R. W., Fritsch, E. J., Liederbach, J., Saylor, M. R., & Tafoya, W. L. (2019). Cyber crime and cyber terrorism. NY, NY: Pearson.
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