Study Document
...Administration Literature Review on Coping Through The Use Of Informal Institutions during COVID 19 in South Africa, Nigeria, and Swaziland
The institutional theory deals with the outlines, regulations, standards, and procedures that are formulated in the institutions as commanding instructions for social behavior. This theory gives an understanding of how institutions are shaped, and the societal norms and frameworks are informed to all people of an organization. Communication is the sole indicator of how organizations are formulated with the help of formal rules and regulations, as that would reflect how they are conversed across all levels of the firm and in what way people are obeying them. This would ultimately build an organizational culture for coping with social and political issues. The informal institutions are socially shared instructions, typically unwritten, that are formed, transferred and imposed outside the official boundaries (Torniainen & Sasstamoinen, 2007), for example, giving tips to the food……
References
Coelho, A. (2019). The role of informal institutions in the enforcement of rules and how to improve corporate and public governance in Brazil: Studies based on a set of corporate governance cases involving state-owned companies (Working Paper). Retrieved from SSRN website https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3434037
Dacin, M.T., Goodstein, J. & Scott, W.R. (2002). Institutional theory and institutional change: Introduction to the special research forum. Academy of Management Journal, 45(1), 45- 47. DOI: 10.2307/3069284
Escandon-Barbosa, D.M., Urbano, D., Hurtado-Ayala, A., Paramo, J.S. & Dominguez, A.Z. (2019). Formal institutions, informal institutions, and entrepreneurial activity: A comparative relationship between rural and urban areas in Colombia. Journal of Urban Management, 8(3), 458-471. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jum.2019.06.002
Estrin, S. & Prevezer, M. (2010). The role of informal institutions in corporate governance: Brazil, Russia, India, and China compared. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 28, 41- 67. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10490-010-9229-1
Kaufmann, W., Hooghiemstra, R. & Feeney, M.K. (2018). Formal institutions, informal institutions, and red tape: A comparative study. Public Administration, 96(2), 386-403. https://doi.org/10.1111/padm.12397
Meluch, A.L. (2016, August). Understanding the organizational and institutional origins of social support in a cancer support center. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from https://etd.ohiolink.edu/!etd.send_file?accession=kent1466944822&disposition=inline
Torniainen, T.J. & Sasstamoinen, O.J. (2007). Formal and informal institutions and their hierarchy in the regulation of the forest lease in Russia. Forestry: An International Journal of Forest Research, 80(5), 489-501. https://doi.org/10.1093/forestry/cpm033
Study Document
… high quality and they will not accept substitutes.
General External Environment
Economic Opportunities
· The economy appears to be growing under the Trump administration,…[break]…would allow Nike to please both the minority population and the white population. Alienating consumers is not a good look for any company, especially … promote progressive values that they do not appreciate.
Nike also could benefit from bringing production back to America. This is something the Trump administration has been vocal about and making shoes in America would bolster its image among majority populations.
Implementation
Changes in Organizational Culture
Nike’s organizational ……
References
About Nike. (2020). Retrieved from https://about.nike.com/
Bartash, J. (2020). Apple’s Covid-19 warning. Retrieved from https://www.marketwatch.com/story/how-much-will-covid-19-hurt-the-us-economy-its-anyones-guess-right-now-2020-02-12
Delventhal, S. (2019). Nike facing challenging dynamics. Retrieved from https://www.investopedia.com/news/nike-facing-challenging-dynamics-goldman-sachs/
Freberg, K., Graham, K., McGaughey, K., & Freberg, L. A. (2011). Who are the social media influencers? A study of public perceptions of personality. Public Relations Review, 37(1), 90-92.
Neikirk, T. (2019). Nike sales are again way up. Retrieved from https://hillreporter.com/nike-sales-are-again-way-up-following-conservative-boycott-40033
Nusser, S., Mahle, I., & Pätzmann, J. U. (2015). How Social Commerce Communication can support Brand Loyalty: An Analysis of Nike‘s Efforts in Facebook Community Management. Markenbrand, (4/2015), 48-57.
Oyedele, A. (2018). Nike surges. Retrieved from https://markets.businessinsider.com/news/stocks/nike-earnings-q4-2018-2018-6-1027328545
Storey, G. (2019). Nike and the importance of meaningful brand values. Retrieved from https://polpeo.com/nike-and-the-importance-of-meaningful-brand-values/
Study Document
… to charge the battery of the EV is mainly produced by fossil fuels. The US federal government has its own US Energy Information Administration, which published an article entitled “Electricity Explained.” In that article, the US Energy Information Administration stated that natural gas accounts for 38% of all electricity production in the US, and coal is used to produce another 23% of ……
Works Cited
Ellsmoor, James. “Are Electric Vehicles Really Better For The Environment? Forbes, Forbes Magazine, 21 May 2019, https://www.forbes.com/sites/jamesellsmoor/2019/05/20/are-electric-vehicles-really-better-for-the-environment/#11eb349076d2
Lemonick, Sam. “Scientists Underestimated How Bad Cow Farts Are.” Forbes, 29 September 2017. https://www.forbes.com/sites/samlemonick/2017/09/29/scientists-underestimated-how-bad-cow-farts-are/#6c0aca2178a9
Loss, Scott R., Tom Will, and Peter P. Marra. \\\\\\\\\\\\"Estimates of bird collision mortality at wind facilities in the contiguous United States.\\\\\\\\\\\\" Biological Conservation 168 (2013): 201-209.
Natter, Ari. “Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez\\\\\\\\\\\\'s Green New Deal Could Cost $93 Trillion, Group Says.” Bloomberg, 25 February 2019. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-02-25/group-sees-ocasio-cortez-s-green-new-deal-costing-93-trillio n
Schirber, Michael. “Chemistry of Cars.” LiveScience, 6 May 2009, https://www.livescience.com/5449-chemistry-life-plastic-cars.html
Shellenberger, Michael. “New Michael Moore-Backed Documentary On YouTube Reveals Massive Ecological Impacts Of Renewables.” Forbes, 21 April 2020. https://www.forbes.com/sites/michaelshellenberger/2020/04/21/new-michael-moore-backed-documentary-on-youtube-reveals-massive-ecological-impacts-of-renewables/#2636e066c964
US Energy Information Administration. “Electricity Explained,” EIA, 2020. https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/electricity/electricity-in-the-us.ph p
Study Document
… humanely and in accordance with their Constitutional rights. At the same time the correctional system has to take issues such as security, effective administration, and cultural sensitivity. This paper will show that when it comes to the rights of the incarcerated, the correctional system must be fair … shows prisoners a humane treatment that they should get to experience if they are to be truly rehabilitated. At the same time, the administration must make sure that certain groups are not receiving privileges that other groups are not. So if one group is going to receive … logistically, which is why cultural indulgences are usually minimal at most. Diversity on the other hand can be promoted more easily within the administration. Marginalization of minorities can be discouraged as part of the administration’s core message and a diverse crew can be employed to make sure the staff reflects the population of……
References
Compton, M. T., Anderson, S., Broussard, B., Ellis, S., Halpern, B., Pauselli, L., . . . Johnson, M. (2017). A potential new form of jail diversion and reconnection to mental health services: II. Demonstration of feasibility. Behavioral Sciences & the Law, 35(5–6), 492–500. doi:10.1002/bsl.2319
Oaks, D. H. (1965). Habeas corpus in the states: 1776-1865. The University of Chicago Law Review, 32(2), 243-288.
Richmond, C. (2015). Toward a More Constitutional Approach to Solitary Confinement: The Case for Reform. Harv. J. on Legis., 52, 1.
Stojkovic, S., & Lovell, R. (2019). Corrections: An introduction (2nd Ed.). Retrieved from https://content.ashford.edu
UPI. (2018). Justice Department: Alabama prisons may violate 8th Amendment. Retrieved from https://www.upi.com/Top_News/US/2019/04/03/Justice-Department-Alabama-prisons-may-violate-8th-Amendment/8921554309036/
Study Document
… more intimately tied to the West—at least for a time. Revolution still followed, and the overthrow of Gaddafi in Libya under the Obama Administration, after which Hillary Clinton callously quipped, “We came, we saw, he died” (CBS, 2011), showed to what extent Western powers were willing to … friends with state actors, who have great influence over non-state actors. Diplomacy is a strategy that should not be ruled out—but the current administration has attempted to try different strategies instead and the result has been a loss of credibility (Yarhi-Milo, 2018). Now the risk of WMDs ……
References
Asada, M. (2008). Security Council Resolution 1540 to combat WMD terrorism: effectiveness and legitimacy in international legislation. Journal of Conflict & Security Law, 13(3), 303-332.
Carter, A. B. (2004). Overhauling counterproliferation. Technology in Society 26(2-3), 257-269.
CBS. (2011). Clinton on Qaddafi: We came, we saw, he died. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mlz3-OzcExI
The Commission to Assess the Organization of the Federal Government to Combat the Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction. (1999). Combating Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction. Washington, D.C.
Forest, J.J.F. (2012, Winter). Framework for Analyzing the Future Threat of WMD Terrorism. Journal of Strategic Security 5, 4. Retrieved from http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1193&context=jss
Hochman, D. (2006). Rehabilitating a rogue: Libya's WMD reversal and lessons for US policy. Parameters, 36(1), 63.
Lang, C. G. (1937). Archbishop's Appeal: Individual Will and Action; Guarding Personality. London Times, 28.
Stone, O., & Kuznick, P. (2013). The untold history of the United States. Simon and Schuster.
Study Document
… public health issue and a description concerning the proposed intervention to address this public health issue is followed by a description concerning its administration and requisite resources. Finally, a discussion concerning the long-term requirements of the envisioned intervention is followed by a summary of the research and …
· National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism;
· Office of Safe and Drug-Free Schools; and,
· Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (Youth.gov, 2019).
Taken together, this broad-based approach to addressing adolescence substance abuse represents the best in available evidence-based strategies, but there remains a ……
References
A public health-based approach. (2019). Rural Health. Retrieved from https://www.ruralhealth info.org/toolkits/substance-abuse/1/public-health-based-approach.
Barker, P. (2009). Psychiatric and mental health nursing: The craft of caring. London: Hodder Arnold.
Burrow-Sanchez, J. J. (2009, Summer). Understanding adolescent substance abuse: Prevalence, risk factors, and clinical implications. Journal of Counseling and Development, 84(3), 283-288.
Guy, X. & Slesnick, N. (2016, April). Changes in family relationships among substance abusing runaway adolescents: A comparison between family and individual therapies. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 42(2), 299-302.
National Institute on Drug Abuse. (2019). Principles of adolescent substance use disorder treatment: A research-based guide. Retrieved from https://www.drugabuse.gov/ publications/principles-adolescent-substance-use-disorder-treatment-research-based-guide/principles-adolescent-substance-use-disorder-treatment.
Schwartz, R. C. & Smith, S. D. (2009, October). Screening and assessing adolescent substance abuse: A primer for counselors. Journal of Addictions & Offender Counseling, 24(1), 23-26.
The United States war on drugs. (2017 ). Stanford University. Retrieved from https://web. stanford.edu/class/e297c/poverty_prejudice/paradox/htele.html.
Youth.gov. (2019). Substance abuse agencies. Retrieved from https://youth.gov/youth-topics/substance-abuse/prevalence-substance-use-abuse-and-dependence .
Study Document
… programs involved in the protection of the nation and the world against weapons of mass destruction (WMD) in 2009 and 2010. The Obama Administration, in December 2009, gave a presidential policy directive aimed at countering biological threats with a focus on infectious illnesses whether such threats were … countering biological threats with a focus on infectious illnesses whether such threats were manmade or natural. It was the second such directive the Administration had issued. The Quadrennial Defense Review in 2010 emphasized on how WMD’s proliferation was a threat to global security. In April of the … Quadrennial Defense Review in 2010 emphasized on how WMD’s proliferation was a threat to global security. In April of the same year, the Administration unclassified the Nuclear Posture Review for the first time and it was released alongside the Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty. The treaty was aimed ……
References
Busch, Nathan, and Joyner, Daniel (ed). 2009. “Introduction: Nonproliferation at a Crossroads.” In Combating Weapons of Mass Destruction: The Future of Nonproliferation Policy. Athens, GA: The University of Georgia Press.
Reiss, Mitchell. 2009. “Foreword.” In Combating Weapons of Mass Destruction: The Future of Nonproliferation Policy. Edited by Nathan Busch, and Daniel Joyner. Athens, GA: The University of Georgia Press.
Cameron, Gavin, Pate, Jason & Vogel, Kathleen. (2001). “Planting Fear: How Real is the Threat of Agricultural Terrorism?” Bulletin of Atomic Scientists, 57(5), 38-44.
Jennings, Elain. 2013. U. S. proliferation policy and the campaign against transnational terror: Linking the U.S. non-proliferation regime to homeland security efforts. Master’s Thesis. Naval Postgraduate School.
Levi, Michael. 2009. “On Nuclear Terrorism.” Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press.
Mauroni, Albert. J. 2010. “A Counter-WMD Strategy for the Future.” Parameters, 58-73.
Ogilvie-White, Tanya. 2008. “Facilitating Implementation of Resolution 1540 in South- East Asia, and the South Pacific.” In Implementing Resolution 1540: The Role of Regional Organizations. Edited by Lawrence Scheinman. New York: United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research.
Pilat Joseph F. 2009. “Dealing with Proliferation and Terrorism.” In Combating Weapons of Mass Destruction: The Future of International Nonproliferation Policy, edited by Nathan E. Busch and Daniel H. Joyner. Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press.
Study Document
...Administration Tenure refers to a legally secure position, an “indefinite appointment” at an institute of higher learning (AAUP, 2019, p. 1). Of course, extenuating circumstances may enable the educational institution to sever the contract and terminate the tenured faculty. One of those extenuating circumstances would be financial exigency: an unavoidable and unfortunate situation in which the institution experiences severe budget shortfalls and must completely reconsider reallocating resources in order to remain viable at all. A similar extenuating circumstance that may legally permit the termination of a tenured faculty member would be the restructuring of the institution to the degree that whole departments were eliminated, thus eliminating all associated faculty within that department. Other extenuating circumstances that would legally permit the institution to terminate tenured faculty would be serious legal or ethical violations. Otherwise, though, tenured faculty enjoy greater job security and benefits versus their non-tenured colleagues.
According to the American Association……
References
Alleman, N.F. & Haviland, D. (2017). “I expect to be engaged as an equal”: collegiality expectations of full-time, non-tenure-track faculty members. High Educ (2017) 74: 527. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-016-0062-4
American Association of University Professors (AAUP 2019). Tenure. Retrieved from: https://www.aaup.org/issues/tenure
Curnalia, R. M. L., & Mermer, D. (2018). Renewing our commitment to tenure, academic freedom, and shared governance to navigate challenges in higher education. Review of Communication, 18(2), 129–139.doi:10.1080/15358593.2018.1438645
Eastman, N. J., & Boyles, D. (2015). In defense of academic freedom and faculty governance: John Dewey, the 100th anniversary of the AAUP, and the Threat of Corporatization
Mitchell, M., Palacios, V. & Leachman, M. (2015). States are still funding higher education below pre-recession levels. Journal of Collective Bargaining in the Academy, April 2015, Article 71. Retrieved from: https://thekeep.eiu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1524&context=jcba
Study Document
...Administration The Rights of Man and Revolution in France
Introduction
Despite the push to eradicate a class based system during the Enlightenment and events leading up to the French Revolution, it was replaced instead by classes based on property and wealth rather than nobility. Two leading figures for and against the new classes were Robespierre and Sieyes. Sieyes supported separating voting rights from human rights while Robespierre believed voting rights were inherent rights of man. Robespierre’s ideals deteriorated as he gained power. The rights of man were essentially an Enlightenment notion. Thomas Paine had written The Rights of Man in 1791 as the French Revolution was underway and he had even gone there to show his support for it; however, Robespierre had him locked away and schedule for execution, not trusting the American. In short, France was a hotbed of insurrection, chaos, mistrust, and change. The politics of governance were in……
Bibliography
Abbe Sieyes. \\\\\\\\\\\\"Preliminary to the French Constitution.\\\\\\\\\\\\" In The French Revolution and Human Rights: A Brief History with Documents, 2nd Edition, edited by Lynn Hunt, 78. Boston: Bedford, 2016.
Cook, Malcolm. Elections in the French Revolution. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996.
“French Constitution, Rights of Man and Citizen,” Liberty, Equality, Fraternity, accessed November 8, 2019, http://chnm.gmu.edu/revolution/d/55
Higonnet, Patrice. “The Harmonization of the Spheres,” The French Revolution and the Creation of Modern Political Culture, vol. 4, The Terror. Emerald Publishing, 1994.
Hunt, Lynn. \\\\\\\\\\\\"Introduction: The Revolutionary Origins of Human Rights.\\\\\\\\\\\\" In The French Revolution and Human Rights: A Brief History with Documents, 2nd Edition, edited by Lynn Hunt, 1-31. Boston: Bedford, 2016
Jones, Colin. The Great Nation. London: Penguin Books, 2003
Lembcke, Oliver, and Weber, Florian. “Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès : The Essential Political Writings.” 1 st ed. Vol. 9
Montesquieu. “Montesquieu on Government Systems (1748).” French Revolution, January 18, 2018. Accessed November 4, 2019, https://alphahistory.com/frenchrevolution/montesquieu-on-government-systems-1748/
Study Document
Proposed Stopgap Spending Bill
Budgetary changes are common in the public administration field. Governments make budgetary changes as part of public governance based on various factors relating to serving the interests of the public. However, … promised farmers relief worth billions of dollars. However, Democrats established a measure that omitted this promise due to the impact of President Trump Administration’s trade policies and the coronavirus pandemic. The move generated a dispute between Republicans and Democrats at a time when they were almost reaching … presidential elections. On the contrary, Republicans argue that Democrats disgracefully omitted key support and relief needed by American farmers. Congressional Republicans supported the Administration’s effort to ensure farmers continue obtaining payments by providing agriculture funding. In this case, they sought to provide such funding at a time…[break]…on ……
Reference
Cochrane, E. (2020, September 21). Democrats and Republicans Clash Over Spending Bill to Avoid Shutdown. The New York Times. Retrieved October 7, 2020, from https://www.nytimes.com/2020/09/21/us/politics/spending-bill-government-shutdown.html
We have over 150,000+ study documents to help you.
Sign Up for FREE